533 research outputs found
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A Linguistic Approach to the Problem of Slot Semantics
Most frame-based knowledge representation (KR) systems have two strange features. First, the concepts represented by the nodes are nouns rather than verbs. Verbal ideas tend to appear mostly in describing roles or slots. Thus the systems are asymmetric. Second, and more seriously, the slot names on frames are arbitrary and not defined in the system. Usually no metasystem is given to account for them. Thus the systems are not closed. Both these features can be avoided by structures inspired by case-based linguistic theories. The basic ideas are that an ontology consists of separate, parallel lattices of verbal and nominal concepts, and that the slots of concepts in each lattice are defined by reference to the concepts in the other lattice. Slots of verbal concepts are derived from cases, and restricted by nominal concepts. Slots of nominal concepts include conducts (verbal concepts) and derivatives of the slots of verbal concepts. Our objective in this paper is not to define a new KR language, but to use input from the study of natural cognition (case grammar) to refine technology for artificial cognition
Observation of large-scale multi-agent based simulations
The computational cost of large-scale multi-agent based simulations (MABS)
can be extremely important, especially if simulations have to be monitored for
validation purposes. In this paper, two methods, based on self-observation and
statistical survey theory, are introduced in order to optimize the computation
of observations in MABS. An empirical comparison of the computational cost of
these methods is performed on a toy problem
Graphical tool for comparing ratios proposed in the literature on traffic accidents+
Investigators of accidents use accident rates and ratios to measure risk of being involved in a traffic accident. This paper uses two examples to present a graphical technique, that summmarizes scatters of points by ellipses, to help describe the accident involvement of drivers. The first appendix tells how the technique works and the second appendix summarizes other types of ratios used in the literature. The paper discusses how the technique may tie together ratios in the literature on accidents and ageing of drivers.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25714/1/0000271.pd
Phase Structure of Resource Allocation Games
We consider a class of games that are generalizations of the minority game,
in that the demand and supply of the resource are specified independently. This
allows us to study systems in which agents compete under different demand
loads. Among other features, we find the existence of a robust phase change
with a coexistence region as the demand load is varied, separating regions with
nearly balanced supply and demand from regions of scarce or abundant resources.
The coexistence region exists when the amount of information used by the agents
to make their choices is greater than a critical value, which is related to the
point at which there is a phase transition in the standardd minority game.Comment: 11 pages 4 figures. Submitted to Physics Letter A, Feb. 2002W
Production/maintenance cooperative scheduling using multi-agents and fuzzy logic
Within companies, production is directly concerned with the manufacturing schedule, but other services like sales, maintenance, purchasing or workforce management should also have an influence on this schedule. These services often have together a hierarchical relationship, i.e. the leading function (most of the time sales or production) generates constraints defining the framework within which the other functions have to satisfy their own objectives. We show how the multi-agent paradigm, often used in scheduling for its ability to distribute decision-making, can also provide a framework for making several functions cooperate in the schedule performance. Production and maintenance have been chosen as an example: having common resources (the machines), their activities are actually often conflicting. We show how to use a fuzzy logic in order to model the temporal degrees of freedom of the two functions, and show that this approach may allow one to obtain a schedule that provides a better compromise between the satisfaction of the respective objectives of the two functions
Stigmergic epistemology, stigmergic cognition
To know is to cognize, to cognize is to be a culturally bounded, rationality-bounded and environmentally located agent. Knowledge and cognition are thus dual aspects of human sociality. If social epistemology has the formation, acquisition, mediation, transmission and dissemination of knowledge in complex communities of knowers as its subject matter, then its third party character is essentially stigmergic. In its most generic formulation, stigmergy is the phenomenon of indirect communication mediated by modifications of the environment. Extending this notion one might conceive of social stigmergy as the extra-cranial analog of an artificial neural network providing epistemic structure. This paper recommends a stigmergic framework for social epistemology to account for the supposed tension between individual action, wants and beliefs and the social corpora. We also propose that the so-called "extended mind" thesis offers the requisite stigmergic cognitive analog to stigmergic knowledge. Stigmergy as a theory of interaction within complex systems theory is illustrated through an example that runs on a particle swarm optimization algorithm
OperA/ALIVE/OperettA
Comprehensive models for organizations must, on the one hand, be able to specify global goals and requirements but, on the other hand, cannot assume that particular actors will always act according to the needs and expectations of the system design. Concepts as organizational rules (Zambonelli 2002), norms and institutions (Dignum and Dignum 2001; Esteva et al. 2002), and social structures (Parunak and Odell 2002) arise from the idea that the effective engineering of organizations needs high-level, actor-independent concepts and abstractions that explicitly define the organization in which agents live (Zambonelli 2002).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Досвід промислової стратегії країн Європейського Союзу
З метою прискорення виходу української економіки з кризи варто було б опиратися на накопичений у
світі досвід розробки й проведення промислової й структурної політики, адаптуючи його до умов нашої
країни. Найбільший інтерес представляє досвід у цій сфері Європейського союзу (ЄС) з урахуванням євроінтеграційного курсу розвитку України
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