Distance constraints on activation of TRPV4 channels by AKAP150-bound PKCα in arterial myocytes.

TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) channels are Ca2+-permeable channels that play a key role in regulating vascular tone. In arterial myocytes, opening of TRPV4 channels creates local increases in Ca2+ influx, detectable optically as "TRPV4 sparklets." TRPV4 sparklet activity can be enhanced by the action of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II (AngII). This modulation depends on the activation of subcellular signaling domains that comprise protein kinase C α (PKCα) bound to the anchoring protein AKAP150. Here, we used super-resolution nanoscopy, patch-clamp electrophysiology, Ca2+ imaging, and mathematical modeling approaches to test the hypothesis that AKAP150-dependent modulation of TRPV4 channels is critically dependent on the distance between these two proteins in the sarcolemma of arterial myocytes. Our data show that the distance between AKAP150 and TRPV4 channel clusters varies with sex and arterial bed. Consistent with our hypothesis, we further find that basal and AngII-induced TRPV4 channel activity decays exponentially as the distance between TRPV4 and AKAP150 increases. Our data suggest a maximum radius of action of ∼200 nm for local modulation of TRPV4 channels by AKAP150-associated PKCα

Uso de los recursos naturales. Prácticas y lógicas de acción en comunidades Mapuche del Oeste de Neuquén

Tesis para optar al grado de Masgister Scientiae en Procesos Locales de Innovación y Desarrollo Rural (PLIDER), de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, en julio 2008El objetivo general de la investigación es aportar al conocimiento sobre el uso y manejo de los recursos naturales a partir del estudio en una comunidad mapuche en la zona centro oeste de la provincia del Neuquén. La investigación contempla el estudio de las representaciones y los saberes entorno al uso y el manejo por parte de las familias pertenecientes a la comunidad mapuche Millain Currical en el marco de la trashumancia, como actividad ancestral y actual de los crianceros. El estudio de sus prácticas entorno al pastoreo y manejo de sus animales son observadas desde los saberes y representaciones del medio natural y las acciones como producto de la incorporación de recursos históricos, sociales y simbólicos. Es así que se toma el concepto de territorio como construcción y producción social que nos permite localizar la acción en el tiempo y en el espacio, resignificarla e integrar para una comprensión de la totalidad. El estudio del sistema familiar mapuche se integra con las especificidades del territorio caracterizado por la movilidad y las relaciones en un contexto en constante cambio y evolución. La presente tesis de investigación toma un grado de compromiso mayor al plantearse como parte de la metodología, la construcción de un contrato local. Que reforzó la transparencia y la entrada al campo de investigación con la estructura organizativa de la comunidad. La comprensión y reflexión acerca de los saberes y representaciones se complementa con el análisis del propio proyecto de intervención a lo largo de cuatro años con dicha comunidad. Analizando los mecanismos de intervención en estos contextos socio culturales y reflexión sobre los mismos. Buscando resaltar las tensiones y la complementariedad entre el conocimiento mapuche y los enfoque técnicos. Las conclusiones nos llevan a repensar la acción de desarrollo en estos contextos y la capacidad de agencia de los agentes territoriales.The general mission of the investigation is to contribute to the knowledge on the use and handling of the natural resources from the study in a mapuche community in the zone center the west of the Neuquén province. The research includes the study of representations and knowledge around the use and management by families belonging to the mapuche community Millain Currical under transhumance as ancestral and current activity of the breeders. The study or their practice environment and managing grazing their animal are observed from the knowledge and representations of the natural environment and actions as a result of the incorporation of historical, social and symbolic resources. It is so one takes the concept from territory like construction and social production that allows us to locate the action in the time and the space, and integrate new meanings and to integrate for an understanding of the totality. The study of the mapuche family system integrates with the specificities of the territory characterized by mobility and the relations in a context in constant change and evolution. The present thesis of investigation takes a degree from greater commitment when considering like part of the methodology, the construction of a local contract. That it reinforced the transparency and the entrance to the field of investigation with the organizational structure of the community. The understanding and reflection about saberes and representations are complemented with the analysis of the own project of intervention throughout four years with this community. Analyzing the mechanisms of intervention in these sociocultural contexts and reflection on them. Looking for emphasize the tensions and the complementariness between the mapuche knowledge and technical approaches. The conclusions take to us to rethink the action of development in these contexts and the capacity of agency of the territorial agents.Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural ZapalaFil: Navedo, Rodrigo Manuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Agencia de Extensión Rural Zapala; Argentin

SOLAS Agreement and fire strategy in the accommodation of a vessel. Case study B/F IZAR ARGIA

El estudio realizado en el trabajo de fin de grado titulado ``Convenio Solas y Estrategia contraincendios en el interior de un buque. Caso B/f Izar Argia´´ contiene el análisis detallado de los sistemas contraincendios de los que dispone el buque frigorífico Izar Argia, verificando así la normativa exigida por el Convenio SOLAS en función al tipo de buque para determinar si cumple o no con dicha normativa. También abarca un supuesto caso de incendio en el interior de la habilitación del buque, comprendiendo todas las áreas del buque desde la cubierta superior hasta la cubierta del puente, con el fin de asegurarnos que se podría extinguir un incendio según los precedentes, técnicas y medios de extinción definidos en el procedimiento de este trabajo. En primer lugar, están definidas las características de los sistemas contraincendios del B/f Izar Argia que serían de gran utilidad a la hora de luchar contra un incendio, seguidos por su correspondiente señal IMO para identificarlos correctamente a lo largo de su distribución por el buque. Una vez definidos los sistemas he comprobado que cumplen con lo establecido en el Capítulo II-2 del SOLAS con el objetivo de que el estudio realizado sobre el B/f Izar Argia confirme la validez del sistema contraincendios para asegurarnos de tener los medios necesarios a la hora de luchar contra un incendio. Una vez realizado el análisis sobre los sistemas contraincendios he desarrollado la segunda parte del trabajo, el incendio en el interior de la habilitación. Se trata de un estudio sobre un hipotético incendio que se produce en cualquier área de la habilitación para el cual me ha sido de gran ayuda la realización de la primera parte del trabajo, facilitándome la disposición y las particularidades de los sistemas fijos, así como otras técnicas estudiadas en los documentos referenciados en la bibliografía del trabajo, con el objetivo de formar a los miembros de la tripulación y mecanizar los pasos a seguir a la hora de luchar contra un incendio tratando de transformar al B/f Izar Argia en un barco más seguro y eficaz.The study carried out in the final degree project entitled `` Solas Agreement and Fire Fighting Strategy in the accommodation of a ship. Case B / f Izar Argia´´ contains a detailed analysis of the fire fighting systems available to the Izar Argia refrigeration vessel, thus verifying the regulations required by SOLAS according to the type of vessel to determine whether or not it complies with said regulations. It also covers an alleged case of fire inside the ship's rating, comprising all areas of the ship from the upper deck to the deck of the bridge, in order to ensure that a fire could be extinguished according to the preceding, techniques and means of extinction defined in the procedure of this work. In the first place, the characteristics of the fire systems of the B / f Izar Argia that would be very useful when fighting a fire are defined, followed by their corresponding IMO signal to correctly identify them throughout their distribution by the vessel. Once the systems have been defined, I have verified that they comply with the provisions of Chapter II-2 of the SOLAS with the objective that the study carried out on the B / f Izar Argia confirms the validity of the fire fighting system to ensure that we have the necessary means to Time to fight a fire. Once I have analyzed the fire systems I have developed the second part of the work, the fire inside the rating. This is a study on a hypothetical fire that occurs in any area of the authorization for which the first part of the work has been very helpful, facilitating the arrangement and the particularities of fixed systems, as well as others techniques studied in the documents referenced in the work bibliography, with the aim of training the crew members and mechanizing the steps to follow when fighting a fire trying to transform the B / f Izar Argia into one more ship safe and effective.Grado en Ingeniería Náutica y Transporte Marítim

Training interprofessional faculty in humanism and professionalism: a qualitative analysis of what is most important

Introduction: The capacity of healthcare professionals to work collaboratively influences faculty and trainees’ professional identity formation, well-being, and care quality. Part of a multi-institutional project*, we created the Faculty Fellowship for Leaders in Humanistic Interprofessional Education at Boston Children’s Hospital/ Harvard Medical School. We aimed to foster trusting relationships, reflective abilities, collaboration skills, and work together to promote humanistic values within learning environments. Objective: To examine the impact of the faculty fellowship from participants’ reports of “the most important thing learned”. Methods: We studied participants’ reflections after each of 16 1½ hour fellowship sessions. Curriculum content included: highly functioning teams, advanced team formation, diversity/inclusion, values, wellbeing/renewal/burnout, appreciative inquiry, narrative reflection, and others. Responses to “What was the most important thing you learned?” were analyzed qualitatively using a positivistic deductive approach. Results: Participants completed 136 reflections over 16 sessions–77% response rate (136/176). Cohort was 91% female; mean age 52.6 (range 32-65); mean years since completion of highest degree 21.4; 64% held doctorates, 36% master’s degrees. 46% were physicians, 27% nurses, 18% social workers, 9% psychologists. 27% participated previously in a learning experience focusing on interprofessional education, collaboration or practice. Most important learning included: Relational capacities/ Use of self in relationships 96/131 (73%); Attention to values 46/131 (35%); Reflection/ Self-awareness 44/131 (34%); Fostering humanistic learning environments 21/131 (16%). Discussion: Results revealed the importance of enhancing relational capacities and use of self in relationships including handling emotions; attention to values; reflection/self-awareness and recognition of assumptions; and fostering humanistic learning environments. These topics should receive more emphasis in interprofessional faculty development programs and may help identify teaching priorities. *Supported in part by a multi-institutional grant from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation (Dr. Branch as PI; Dr. Rider as site PI)

Invisibilización e hipervilización mediática de los sectores pobres en Puerto Rico: Un reto para el Trabajo Social en la sociedad de la información del siglo XXI

In the so-called Information Society, invisibilization in mass media is considered a social problem that merits attention, because it affects socially and economically disadvantaged groups (Echevarría, 2008; EN.FA.SIS, 2004; Morales Lara, 2009; Mujica, 1969; Reguillo, 2000; Torres, 2010). With the intention that Social Work professionals delve into this subject, this article -based on an exploratory study carried out by the author- proposes a theory to explain the reasons for this phenomenon and offers alternatives that could be included in our profession's agenda by creating and implementing social policies or programs that help include the poor in our Country's mass media.En la denominada Sociedad de la Información el fenómeno de la invisibilización en los medios de difusión masiva, ha sido calificado como un problema social que amerita atención debido a que afecta a sectores en desventaja social y económica (Echevarría, 2008; EN.FA.SIS, 2004; Morales Lara, 2009; Mujica, 1969; Reguillo, 2000; Torres, 2010). Con el propósito de que profesionales de Trabajo Social profundicen sobre este tema, nuestro artículo propone —teniendo como base un estudio exploratorio realizado por la autora- una teoría que explica el porqué de este fenómeno, y a la vez, presenta alternativas que podrían insertarse en la agenda de trabajo de nuestra profesión mediante la creación e implementación de políticas o programas sociales que redunden en la inserción de los sectores pobres en los medios de comunicación masiva del País

RECOMMENDED BAND SIZES AND A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR SEXING IMMATURE GREENBACKED FIRECROWN HUMMINGBIRDS (SEPHANOIDES SEPHANIODES)

Abstract ∙ The Green-backed Firecrown (Sephanoides sephaniodes; Trochilidae) is one of the most important pollinators in the temperate rainforests of southern South America, yet its life history, including migratory behavior, population dynamics, and pollination biology remain poorly studied. Furthermore, juvenile firecrowns are sexually monochromatic, making them difficult to sex, which limits understanding of sex -related ecological differences that are common in hummingbirds. Here, we report the first banding of firecrowns in mainland Chile, propose ideal band sizes, and describe a technique for sexing immature individuals using the ratio of bill length to body mass. We place our results in the context of other studies of firecrowns and discuss possible ecological and behavioral implications of sexual dimorphism. In February– June 2018, we banded 71 firecrowns in Los Ríos Region, Chile (40°S). We recommend cutting bands to 8.2 mm in length for banding birds. Sexual dimorphism is clear, with large, short-billed males, and smaller, longer-billed females. Immature males and females can be distinguished based on the ratio of bill length to body mass, which in our sample does not overlap between the two adult sexes. This ratio separated all immature individuals at the 99% confidence level (< 3.09 mm g-1 classified as male, > 3.36 mm g-1 as female), and so should be tested elsewhere in the firecrown range. The incorporation of Green-backed Firecrowns in ongoing banding programs in the region has the potential to contribute important new information about the species’ ecology and evolution as well as its role in ecosystem processes.Resumen ∙ Tamaños de anillas recomendados y una nueva técnica para el sexaje de individuos inmaduros en el Picaflor Chico (Sephanoides sephaniodes) El Picaflor Chico (Sephanoides sephaniodes; Trochilidae) es uno de los polinizadores más importantes en el bosque templado austral de Sudamérica, pero su historia natural, incluyendo comportamiento migratorio, dinámica poblacional, y biología de polinización, sigue siendo poco estudiado. Además, los juveniles son monocromáticos, lo cual los hace difícil de sexar y limita el conocimiento de las diferencias ecológicas relacionadas con el sexo, que son comunes en colibríes. En este estudio reportamos los primeros anillamientos de picaflor chico en Chile continental, proponemos los tamaños de anillas ideales, y describimos una técnica para determinar el sexo de los individuos inmaduros utilizando el cociente entre la longitud del pico y el peso corporal. Ponemos nuestros resultados en el contexto de otros estudios del picaflor chico, y consideramos posibles implicaciones del dimorfismo sexual en la ecología y el comportamiento. En febrero–junio 2018 anillamos 71 picaflores chicos en la Región Los Ríos, Chile (40°S). Recomendamos cortar las anillas a 8,2 mm de largo (longitud preformada) para anillar los picaflores. Dimorfismo sexual es claro: los machos son grandes con picos cortos, mientras las hembras son más pequeñas con picos más largas. Los machos y hembras inmaduros se distinguieron por el cociente entre la longitud del pico y el peso corporal, que en nuestra muestra no superpone entre los adultos de cada sexo. Este cociente separó todos los individuos inmaduros al nivel de confianza de 99% (< 3,09 mm g1 clasificado como macho, >3,36 mm g-1 como hembra), y debe ser evaluado en otras partes del rango de distribución de la especie. La incorporación del picaflor chico en los programas de anillamiento en la región tiene la potencial de aportar nueva información importante sobre su ecología y evolución, tanto como su rol en los procesos ecológicos

Shifting Organizational Cultures: Developing Leaders in Humanistic Interprofessional Education

Organizational cultures significantly influence faculty and clinician well-being, trainees’ professional identity formation, and the care of patients and families. The ability of interprofessional healthcare teams to work collaboratively is important for safe, high quality, relationship-centered care. A multi-site project, Faculty Development for the Interprofessional Teaching of Humanism,* was initiated to create a national curriculum in humanism and professionalism designed to train interprofessional education (IPE) faculty leaders. Boston Children’s Hospital / Harvard Medical School (BCH/HMS) is the first pediatric site selected to design and implement this curriculum. Our objectives were to: 1) develop a national curriculum in humanism and professionalism for IPE faculty leaders; 2) adapt the curriculum for pediatrics; and 3) create and sustain a faculty fellowship for IPE leaders at BCH/HMS that promotes humanistic values in organizational culture and learning and care environments. We designed and implemented the curriculum at nine national sites. Topics focus on collaboration, communication, and relationships and include: highly functioning teams; advanced team formation; patients’ perspectives; empathy; well-being, resilience, renewal; diversity & inclusion; appreciative inquiry; values; IPE and others. To achieve sustainability at BCH/HMS, we created a unique Faculty Fellowship for Leaders in Humanistic Interprofessional Education. To increase impact, we recruited co-sponsors from departments across BCH. Fellows participate in 1½-hour, twice-monthly small-group sessions for 8 months and design and implement a group project. Twenty-one faculty applied. The first cohort included 11 faculty representing medicine, social work, nursing, and psychology. The Faculty Fellowship provides opportunities for IPE faculty leaders to enhance teaching skills, collaboration, relationships, reflective capacities, and role modeling in humanism and professionalism, and to work together to foster humanistic values within organizational culture. *Supported by a multi-institutional grant from the Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation (Dr. Branch as national PI; Dr. Rider as site PI) 

Elevations of intracellular calcium reflect normal voltage-dependent behavior, and not constitutive activity, of voltage-dependent calcium channels in gastrointestinal and vascular smooth muscle

In smooth muscle, the gating of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels may either be stochastic and voltage dependent or coordinated among channels and constitutively active. Each form of gating has been proposed to be largely responsible for Ca2+ influx and determining the bulk average cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. Here, the contribution of voltage-dependent and constitutively active channel behavior to Ca2+ signaling has been studied in voltage-clamped single vascular and gastrointestinal smooth muscle cells using wide-field epifluorescence with near simultaneous total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Depolarization (−70 to +10 mV) activated a dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (ICa) and evoked a rise in [Ca2+] in each of the subplasma membrane space and bulk cytoplasm. In various regions of the bulk cytoplasm the [Ca2+] increase ([Ca2+]c) was approximately uniform, whereas that of the subplasma membrane space ([Ca2+]PM) had a wide range of amplitudes and time courses. The variations that occurred in the subplasma membrane space presumably reflected an uneven distribution of active Ca2+ channels (clusters) across the sarcolemma, and their activation appeared consistent with normal voltage-dependent behavior. Indeed, in the present study, dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels were not normally constitutively active. The repetitive localized [Ca2+]PM rises (“persistent Ca2+ sparklets”) that characterize constitutively active channels were observed rarely (2 of 306 cells). Neither did dihydropyridine-sensitive constitutively active Ca2+ channels regulate the bulk average [Ca2+]c. A dihydropyridine blocker of Ca2+ channels, nimodipine, which blocked ICa and accompanying [Ca2+]c rise, reduced neither the resting bulk average [Ca2+]c (at −70 mV) nor the rise in [Ca2+]c, which accompanied an increased electrochemical driving force on the ion by hyperpolarization (−130 mV). Activation of protein kinase C with indolactam-V did not induce constitutive channel activity. Thus, although voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels appear clustered in certain regions of the plasma membrane, constitutive activity is unlikely to play a major role in [Ca2+]c regulation. The stochastic, voltage-dependent activity of the channel provides the major mechanism to generate rises in [Ca2+]

Functionally distinct and selectively phosphorylated GPCR subpopulations co-exist in a single cell.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) transduce pleiotropic intracellular signals in a broad range of physiological responses and disease states. Activated GPCRs can undergo agonist-induced phosphorylation by G protein receptor kinases (GRKs) and second messenger-dependent protein kinases such as protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we characterize spatially segregated subpopulations of β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) undergoing selective phosphorylation by GRKs or PKA in a single cell. GRKs primarily label monomeric β2ARs that undergo endocytosis, whereas PKA modifies dimeric β2ARs that remain at the cell surface. In hippocampal neurons, PKA-phosphorylated β2ARs are enriched in dendrites, whereas GRK-phosphorylated β2ARs accumulate in soma, being excluded from dendrites in a neuron maturation-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that PKA-phosphorylated β2ARs are necessary to augment the activity of L-type calcium channel. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that functionally distinct subpopulations of this prototypical GPCR exist in a single cell