Çocukluk çağında obezitenin öncülleri hakkında bir derleme

Okul öncesi dönem ve çocukluk döneminde yüksek tartılılık ve obezite dünya genelinde bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün (2020) raporuna göre 1975 ve 2016 yılları arasında dünya çapında çocuklardaki obezite yaygınlığı 3 katına çıkmış, 2016 yılında 5 yaşın altındaki 41 milyondan fazla çocukta yüksek tartılılık ve obezite görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Obezitenin çok çeşitli sağlık sorunları ile ilişkilendirildiği ve son yıllardaki aşırı artışı göz önüne alındığında, obezitenin öncüllerinin belirlenmesi ve bunlara yönelik müdahale programlarının geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Mevcut derlemenin amacı, okul öncesi dönemde çocuklarda obezite oluşumuna etki eden çocuk besleme davranışları, ebeveynlik stilleri, anne bilişleri ve çocukların mizaç özellikleri ile ilgili ulusal ve uluslararası yazında yapılmış araştırmaları derlemek ve konuyla ilgili Türkiye’de yapılacak araştırmalar ve müdahale çalışmaları için zemin hazırlamaktır. Alan yazındaki sonuçlar genel olarak kısıtlayıcı besleme, otoriter ebeveynlik, annelerin çocukların kilosu hakkındaki yanlış algıları ve olumsuz duygulanımı yüksek çocuk mizacının obezitenin muhtemel öncülleri olabileceğini ortaya koymuş, erken yaşta obezite riskinin önüne geçmek için ebeveynlerin obezite farkındalığını artırmaya ve ebeveynlik davranışlarına yönelik müdahale programlarının önemine vurgu yapmıştır. Obezitenin öncüllerinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi ve uygun müdahale programlarının geliştirilebilmesi için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Overweight/obesity in childhood has become a worldwide health problem. World Health Organization (2018) reported that the prevalence of obesity in children worldwide tripled between 1975 and 2016 with more than 41 million children before age 5 were overweight/obese in 2016. Given that obesity has been associated with a wide range of physiological and psychological problems and its excessive increase in recent years, it is highly important to identify the precursors of obesity and develop intervention programs targeting them. The present review compiles national and international research regarding child feeding behaviors, parenting styles, maternal perceptions and child temperament as important precursors of obesity in early childhood and aims to facilitate further research and obesity intervention programs in Turkey by giving a thorough summary of literature about the subject. Results in the literature suggested that parental restrictive feeding, authoritarian parenting style, inaccurate maternal perceptions of child weight and high negative affectivity as a temperamental trait in children may all be potential risk factors for childhood obesity. The need for intervention programs targeting parenting behaviors and parental awareness of overweight is emphasized. Further longitudinal studies are required to uncover the precursors of obesity and develop appropriate intervention programs.TR - DizinAralı

Effects of rising temperature on pelagic biogeochemistry in mesocosm systems: a comparative analysis of the AQUASHIFT Kiel experiments

A comparative analysis of data, obtained during four indoor-mesocosm experiments with natural spring plankton communities from the Baltic Sea, was conducted to investigate whether biogeochemical cycling is affected by an increase in water temperature of up to 6 °C above present-day conditions. In all experiments, warming stimulated in particular heterotrophic bacterial processes and had an accelerating effect on the temporal development of phytoplankton blooms. This was also mirrored in the build-up and partitioning of organic matter between particulate and dissolved phases. Thus, warming increased both the magnitude and rate of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) build-up, whereas the accumulation of particulate organic carbon (POC) and phosphorus (POP) decreased with rising temperature. In concert, the observed temperature-mediated changes in biogeochemical components suggest strong shifts in the functioning of marine pelagic food webs and the ocean’s biological carbon pump, hence providing potential feedback mechanisms to Earth’s climate system

The response of temperate aquatic ecosystems to global warming: novel insights from a multidisciplinary project

This article serves as an introduction to this special issue of Marine Biology, but also as a review of the key findings of the AQUASHIFT research program which is the source of the articles published in this issue. AQUASHIFT is an interdisciplinary research program targeted to analyze the response of temperate zone aquatic ecosystems (both marine and freshwater) to global warming. The main conclusions of AQUASHIFT relate to (a) shifts in geographic distribution, (b) shifts in seasonality, (c) temporal mismatch in food chains, (d) biomass responses to warming, (e) responses of body size, (f) harmful bloom intensity, (f), changes of biodiversity, and (g) the dependence of shifts to temperature changes during critical seasonal windows

Effect of fixation with fixation apparatus of peripheral intravenous catheter placed in veins in fossa cubitalis with fixation apparatus on peripheral intravenous catheter complications in children

Çalışmamızda, çocuklarda fossa cubitalis’de yer alan venlere yerleştirilmiş periferik venöz kateterin (PVK) farklı tespit aparatları ile sabitlenmesinin PVK komplikasyonları üzerine etkisini prospektif ve randomize kontrollü olarak karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Çalışma, etik kurul onayı ve hastalardan alınan yazılı onam sonrası, Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk Cerrahisi ve Çocuk Ürolojisi Klinikleri’nde, ürogenital sistem ve gastrointestinal sistem cerrahisi uygulanacak, 10 yaş altı, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) skoru I-II olan, 60 hastada gerçekleştirildi. Hastalar HETB (hipoalerjenik elastik fiksasyon bandı) kullanılan Grup 1 (n=30) ve TA (tespit aparatı) kullanılan Grup 2 (n=30) olmak üzere rastgele iki gruba ayrıldı. Her iki grup, ameliyathane ve klinikte PVK ömrü ve komplikasyonları (enfeksiyon, infiltrasyon, ekstravazasyon, yerinden olma, kateter tıkanması, kateter katlanması) açısından takip edildi ve bu özellikler kaydedildi. HETB ve TA gruplarının yaş (ay), kilo (kg) ve boy (cm) parametrelerinin ortalama ve standart sapma değerleri ile cinsiyet, ASA skoru, tercih edilen ven, cerrahinin tipi ve kullanılan ekstremite yüzdesi hesaplandı. Her iki grup arasında; yaş, kilo, boy, cinsiyet, ASA skoru, tercih edilen ven, cerrahinin tipi ve kullanılan ekstremite değerleri açısından anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p=0.383, p=0.823, p=0.974, p=0.739, p=0.825, p=390, p=602). Her iki grupta kateter tipi (çapı) yaş, kilo, boy ölçüm değerleri açısından karşılaştırıldığında benzer bulundu (p>0.05). Her iki grupta, PVK ömrü (süresi) benzerdi (p>0.05). PVK komplikasyonları görülmesi TA grubunda anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu (p=0.026). Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmadaki komplikasyon oranı önemli ölçüde azalmış olmakla birlikte, PVK ömrü ile ilgili anlamlı bir sonuç alınamamıştır. Komplikasyon oranının, bir tespit aparatı kullanılarak, iyi bir hemşirelik bakımı sağlanarak ve kateter yerleştirme bölgesinin sık sık değerlendirilmesiyle düşük tutulabileceği kanısındayız.In our study, we aimed to compare the effects of fixation of peripheral venous catheter (PVK) placed in veins located in the fossa cubitalis in children with different fixation devices on the complications of PVK in a prospective and randomized controlled manner. The study was conducted in 60 patients under the age of 10, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score I-II, who would undergo urogenital system and gastrointestinal system surgery in Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology Clinics after approval by the Ethics Committee and written consent from patients. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as Group 1 (n = 30) using HEFB (hypoallergenic elastic fixation band) and Group 2 (n = 30) using FA (fixation apparatus). Both groups were followed up in the operating room and clinic in terms of PVC life and complications (infection, infiltration, extravasation, displacement, catheter occlusion, catheter folding) and these features were recorded. The mean and standard deviation values of the age (months), weight (kg) and height (cm) parameters of the HEFB and FA groups and gender, ASA score, preferred vein, type of surgery and the percentage of extremities used were calculated. Between both groups; no significant difference was found in terms of age, weight, height, gender, ASA score, preferred vein, type of surgery and used extremity values (p = 0.383, p = 0.823, p = 0.974, p = 0.739, p = 0.825, p = 390, p = 602). When the catheter type (diameter) was compared in terms of age, weight and height measurement values in both groups, it was found similar (p> 0.05). PVK lifespan (duration) was similar in both groups (p>0.05). PVC complications were significantly lower in the FA group (p = 0.026). In conclusion, although the complication rate in this study was significantly reduced, no significant result was obtained regarding PIVC lifespan. Complication rate can be kept low by using a fixation board, providing a strict nursing care, and frequent evaluation of the catheter insertion site

Comparative results of calcar-replacement hemiarthroplasty and dynamic hip screw in the treatment of intertrochanterik femoral fractures

Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dalı’nda, haziran 2001 - eylül 2005 tarihleri arasında intertrokanterik femur kırığı nedeniyle kalkarlı parsiyel protez uygulanan veya kırık tespiti için dinamik kalça vidası (DHS) kullanılan 71 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. DHS uygulanan 34 hasta grup I, kalkarlı parsiyel protez uygulanan 37 hasta grup II olarak ayrıldı. Grup I’deki hastalardan 9’u, grup II’dekilerin ise 12’si takip sırasında ölmeleri nedeniyle her iki grupta da 25 hastanın sonuçları değerlendirildi. Grup I ve II’deki olguların yaş ve cinsiyeti, yaralanma nedenleri, kırık tipleri, osteoporoz derecesi, ameliyata alınma zamanı, ameliyat süresi ve kanama miktarı, erken ve geç dönem komplikasyonları, hastanede kalış süresi, mortalite oranları ve fonksiyonel sonuçları karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirildi. Sonuçta; kullanılan her iki yöntemin, komplikasyon ve mortalite oranları ile fonksiyonel sonuçlar bakımından birbirine üstünlüklerinin olmadığı, ameliyata kadar geçen sürenin ölüm oranını etkilemediği, DHS uygulamasının kalkarlı parsiyel protez uygulamasına göre kanamayı azalttığı görüşüne varıldı.Between June 2001 and September 2005, 71 patients were operated because of intertrochanteric femur fracture using calcar replacement partial hip prosthesis or dynamic hip screw (DHS) in University of Uludag, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Thirty-four patients that were operated using DHS were included in Group I. In Group II there were 37 patients with calcar replacement partial hip prosthesis. During the follow-up period 9 patients from Group I and 12 patients from Group II died. So, the results of 25 patients were evaluated in each group. Age, sex, injury mechanism, fracture type, degree of osteoporosis, time to operation, time of operation, amount of bleeding, early and late complications, time of hospitalization, mortality rates and functional results of all patients were comparatively evaluated. As a result; there were not any superiority of both techniques over each other in complication and mortaliy rates and functional results. Also, time to operation did not affect the mortality rate. And, amount of bleeding was lower in DHS group than calcar replacement partial hip prosthesis group

The unique role of fathers besides mothers on child outcomes in Turkey

Müren, Hatice Melis (MEF Author)##nofulltext##..

The differential role of parenting in externalizing and internalizing behaviors of male and female Turkish preschoolers

Müren, Hatice Melis (MEF Author)##nofulltext##..

A meta-analytic review of the association between theory of mind and aggression

Although the association between theory of mind (ToM) and aggression has been theorized, empirical findings have not revealed a clear link between these constructs. In the current meta-analytic review, we integrated findings from 83 studies (141 effect sizes) involving 41,650 participants from 18 countries to elucidate the association between ToM and aggression in typically developing children, adolescents, and adults. We found a significant negative association between ToM and aggression overall (r = −0.15). Moreover, each type and function of aggression were negatively associated with Theory of Mind (ToM). Bullying—a distinct form of aggression—was not associated with ToM. The strength of the association between overall aggression and ToM varied as a function of methodological variables: First, studies that used self-report questionnaires to measure ToM and aggression yielded the strongest effect sizes, compared to those that used task-based assessments or questionnaires completed by others (parents, teachers, peers). Second, there was a difference in the ToM measurement with the measures examining ToM with non-false belief understanding tasks yielding a stronger mean effect than those that focused exclusively on false-belief understanding. Third, the magnitude of the negative association was found to increase with participants' age, though significant negative associations between ToM and aggression held across the lifespan. These results point to the critical link between ToM and aggressive tendencies and suggest the value in implementing interventions to improve mental state understanding across the age range to foster positive social interactions.2-s2.0-85177485564Kası

The natural course of serum D-Dimer, C-Reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels after uneventful primary total joint arthroplasty

Background: This study aimed to assess the baseline levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and monitor the natural course of these serum markers after uneventful primary total joint arthroplasty. Methods: This prospective study enrolled 81 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. The level of serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 15, and 45. Mean peak values, peak times, and distribution were compared between D-Dimer, CRP, and ESR. Results: The mean preoperative serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR level was 412 +/- 260 (range 200-980) ng/mL, 2.93 +/- 2.1 (range 1-18) mg/L, and 22.88 +/- 17.5 (range 3-102) mm/h, respectively. The highest mean peak for D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was at postoperative day 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Conclusion: D-dimer levels reached peak levels on postoperative day 1 and then declined rapidly to a plateau level by postoperative day 3. A second, albeit small, peak in the level of D-dimer occurred on postoperative day 15. The level of CRP and ESR remained elevated for much longer with CRP returning to baseline on postoperative day 45 and the level of ESR had not returned back to normal on postoperative day 45