Knock phenomenon analysis on a diesel-CNG dual fuel engine using experimental fuel ratio

Knock avoidance is crucial to establish a proper Diesel-CNG Dual Fuel (DDF) engine. The causes of this phenomenon are still vague due to the lack of knock detection and characterization methods available. This study presents a knock characterization technique using a statistical analysis based on engine block vibration signal. Several experiments were conducted on a 2.5-litre converted DDF engine running at a constant engine speed between 1400 rpm and 3000 rpm with several diesel to CNG fuel ratio. This study found that when the diesel to CNG fuel ratio reached 70:30 at 1800 rpm to 3000 rpm, and 60:40 at 1400 rpm and 1600 rpm, engine knock was detected. A knock index was calculated from the vibration signal using Band-pass, Rectify, Integrate, and Compare (BRIC) method to determine knock intensity for each engine cycle. A three-sigma rule was applied to determine the threshold level of knock occurrence at the tested engine speeds. The knock thresholds at 1400 rpm, 1600 rpm, 1800 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2200 rpm, 2400 rpm, 2600 rpm, 2800 rpm, and 3000 rpm were found to have a knock index of 3.72, 3.49, 3.21, 2.71, 2.27, 1.80, 2.02, 1.80, and 1.73 respectively. Using a 5% knock cycle occurrence within the third and sixth standard deviation as a deciding criteria, a knock quality level was categorised as a vague, light, medium, and heavy knock. The analysed result shows that a severe knock occurred due to a sudden transition between a low and high knock intensity in a consecutive engine cycle, which yields a non-periodic mechanical shock. The calculated coefficient of variation of the knock index (COVKI) shows that the severe knock occurred when the COVKI is 0.30 and above. It suggests that the knock phenomenon on a DDF engine occurs due to an abrupt heat release rate during the mixing-controlled combustion phase and micro-explosion during the late combustion phase

ANALISIS STRUKTUR BATIN PUISI “DI BUTON UTARA OH KEKASIHKU” KARYA RIZAL WINATA

Struktur  Batin Puisi “Di Buton  Utara  Oh  Kekasihku”  Karya  Rizal  Winata. Penelitian ini mengungkap bagaimanakah struktur batin  puisi “Di Buton  Utara  Oh Kekasihku” Karya Rizal. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan struktur batin  puisi “Di Buton Utara Oh Kekasihku” Karya Rizal Winata.  Metode yang  digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu  metode deskriptif kualitatif  yaitu penggambaran atau  penyajian data berdasarkan kenyataan-kenyataan  secara  objektif   sesuai  dengan  objek   penelitian, dengan cara  menelaah secara seksama puisi yang diteliti. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yaitu  dengan  cara   mengadakan  studi  melalui   bahan bacaan yang  relevan  serta mendukung penelitian ini. Data  yang  digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah puisi “Di Buton  Utara  Oh Kekasihku”.  Teknik  pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu baca catat. Hasil  yang  diperoleh  dari  penelitian  terlihat bahwa tema puisi yaitu tentang Kerinduan pada kekasih, selanjutnya, perasaan dalam puisi ini mengungkap rasa penghormatan dan kerinduan. Nada dalam puisi ini menunjukkan tekad yang tinggi dan penuh semangat. Selanjutnya amanat yang dikandung puisi ini adalah jangan terlalu banyak  berharap kepada seseorang yang  belum  tentu  menjadi milikmu. Karena  jika seseorang yang kita harapkan itu tidak dapat kita miliki maka  yang kita dapatkan hanyalah kekecewaan

Prinisp Miranda Rule Sebagai Hak Asasi Tersangka Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia

Introduction: Often in the law enforcement process there is a form of crime, neglect of obligations, human rights violations related to the civil rights of citizens in the criminal justice system and abuse of power committed by apparat.  In our criminal justice system, the rights of suspects who are the basis of human rights attached to them are often overlooked, which is detrimental to suspects. Purposes of the Research: This research aims to find out how the Miranda Rule principle guarantees the human rights of suspects in the Indonesian criminal justice system. Methods of the Research: The methods used in this research are normative research methods, using a conceptual approach and a statute approach. Results Originality of the Research: the results showed that the Miranda Rule/Miranda Principle, in the form of Miranda Rights has provided guarantees for the rights of suspects. Namely, the right to obtain/contact legal counsel/advocate, and if unable to, then the right to be provided with legal counsel/advocates, the right to obtain legal assistance has been absorbed into articles 54, 55, and 114 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Indonesia, while if he is incapacitated, then the suspect has the right to be provided with legal counsel by the official concerned or through an investigator, as stipulated in article 56 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Indonesia. As for the Miranda Warning (Right To Remain Silent), it is not expressly regulated, but implicitly it can be interpreted as its application in articles 52, 117 and 166 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Indonesia

Penanganan Tindak Pidana Viral: Reduksi Terhadap Asas Legalitas Ke Asas Viralitas

Introduction: The handling of a number of criminal cases that have befallen victims and reported to the police, must first meet a number of dead ends. The justice that the victim expects from the case that happened to him must wait until the case goes viral and creates a reaction and public pressure. Purposes of the Research: This study aims to answer how to reduce and shift the principle of legality to the principle of "virality". This is because the handling of viral crimes first and then handled by the police has actually reduced and shifted the position of the principle of legality as the most fundamental principle in Indonesian criminal law.   Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative research type. The approach used is a case approach, a statute approach and a conceptual approach. Results Originality of the Research: The results of the study show that the principle of legality as stipulated in Article 1 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code which emphasizes that there is no act that can be punished without being regulated and stipulated in statutory regulations before the act is committed, has experienced reduction and shifted to nothing. an act that can be punished without going viral first. In other words, the principle of legality has been reduced from no criminal and criminal acts without prior law, to no criminal and criminal acts without going viral first

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG PUTUSAN TERHADAP PEMERIKSAAN PERKARA PEMBATALAN AKTA JUAL BELI TANAH (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kepanjen Nomor 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn)

ABSTRACTDisputes that often occur in the sale and purchase of land in the community lie in the deed issued by the PPAT as the responsible official. PPAT has the right to make a deed regarding land in which sometimes there is a problem that arises, namely the deed made by PPAT is declared null and void by the court. This is due to a legal defect in the making of the deed. As is the case with the decision of the Kepanjen District Court in case number 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn, related to the cancellation of the deed of sale and purchase of land that has violated legal provisions regarding the determination of legal heirs. This writing is motivated by the existence of problems, namely, the basis for consideration of the Panel of Judges in the Cancellation of the Deed of Sale and Purchase of Land in the Decision on Case Number 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn, as well as the legal consequences of the cancellation of the Deed of Sale and Purchase of Land in the Decision of Case Number 87/Pdt. G/2014/PN.Kpn. This research is a type of normative juridical research, using a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach.Keywords: Deed, Decision, Land.ABSTRAKSengketa yang sering banyak terjadi dalam jual beli tanah di masyarakat terletak dari akta yang dikeluarkan oleh PPAT sebagai pejabat yang bertanggungjawab. PPAT berhak membuat akta berkenaan dengan tanah di mana di dalamnya juga kadang terdapat suatu permasalahan yang timbul yaitu akta yang dibuat oleh PPAT dinyatakan batal demi hukum oleh pengadilan. Hal ini dikarenakan cacat hukum dalam pembuatan akta tersebut. Sebagaimana halnya pada putusan Pengadilan Negeri Kepanjen dalam perkara nomor 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn, terkait dengan pembatalan akta jual beli tanah yang telah melanggar ketentuan hukum terhadap penetepan ahli waris yang sudah sah. Penulisan ini dilatarbelakangi dengan adanya permasalahan yaitu, Dasar Pertimbangan Majelis Hakim Dalam Pembatalan Akta Jual Beli Tanah Pada Putusan Perkara Nomor 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn, Serta adanyaAkibat Hukum Pembatalan Akta Jual Beli Tanah Pada Putusan Perkara Nomor 87/Pdt.G/2014/PN.Kpn. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan kasus.Kata Kunci: Akta, Putusan, Tanah

Membedah Tindak Pidana Politik Uang, Suatu Telaah Dari Sisi Struktur Norma

Introduction: Money politics is one of the crimes regulated in the Election Law. This crime in the Election Law regime is considered a Structured, Systematic and Massive Crime (TSM). This crime has always been a discourse that surfaced in the public when approaching elections / elections. Especially now, Indonesia is undergoing a political year leading to the upcoming 2024 elections. Purpose of the Research: this paper aims to dissect the criminal act of money politics in terms of the norm structure. Method of the Research: this paper uses the method of statutory approach (statute approach), conceptual approach (conceptual approach) and philosophical approach to legal (philosophical approach). Results of the Research: norm structure can be divided into 4 (four) elements, namely norm subjects (normadressat), norm operators (modus van behoren), norm objects (normgedrag) and norm conditions (normconditie). The criminal act of money politics mentioned in this paper only revolves around the norms regulated in article 515 and article 519 of the Election Law. Basically the two articles have similarities in the subject elements of norms and norm operators. The subject of the norm of both articles is "everyone", while the operator of the norm is "prohibition". The two articles differ in terms of objects, norms and norm conditions. For article 515 the object of the norm is the act of "promising or giving money or other material. The norm condition is "intentionally, voting, to the Voter not to exercise his right to vote, to vote for certain Election Participants, to exercise his right to vote in a certain way, the ballot is invalid". As for article 519 the object of the norm is "fraudulent acts", and the norm condition is "misleading someone, coercing, promising or by giving money or other materials, to obtain support for the candidacy of DPD members in elections"

Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dalam Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Akidah Akhlak

This study aims to describe the application of learning media in increasing the interest in learning Aqidah Akhlak for students of MTs DDI Pacongang Pinrang. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. Data is obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the use of audio-visual learning media is very supportive in learning activities, especially in learning Aqidah Akhlak . The pesetas students are very motivated when the learning uses the laptop/computer media, projector / LCD, and internet speaker network. In addition, the use of learning media in MTs DDI Pacongang has an important role in student learning interests, including feelings of joy and increased interest in the material. The implication of this study is that the teacher in delivering the learning material in the classroom must be clever in choosing the right media, the teacher must have creative and innovative ideas so that the learning atmosphere of students is more motivated and motivated

GENDER IN FIQH PERSPECTIVE

: In contrast to the concept of sex (sex) or nature, Gender only contains the functions and social roles of men and women, which are formed from the environment in which a person resides / lives. Thus, the concept of gender is a trait inherent in men and women who are constructed socially and culturally. Like, women in the heart are gentle, emotional and motherly, while men are known to be strong, rational and mighty. Gender differences have led to injustice, both for men and for women. The manifestation of gender inequality can be seen in the form of marginalization, subordination, stereotyping, violence and workloa