83 research outputs found

    Le logiciel sage Saari Ă  l’épicentre du systĂšme d’information des entreprises au Cameroun : une culture comptable perçue Ă  travers le modĂšle de l’acceptation technologique

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    The objective of this paper was to verify whether the profile of the entity, the profile of the account preparer and the perceived profile of the wise Saari management software allow each, as far as he is concerned, the daily use of the wise Saari management in companies in Cameroon. The problem arises in that out of thirty companies observed in the field as a prelude to this study, we found that all of them (100%) have actually installed the wise Saari management software at home but only do not use enough of this for the production of information and the management of the entity. To meet the verification objective, we opted for the positivist posture, for the hypothetico-deductive reasoning, for the quantitative approach, for a non-probability sampling method. We therefore used data collected by questionnaire on a sample of 34 companies in Cameroon. At the end of the descriptive analysis, the chi-square test of independence and the binary logistic regression which are indeed tests that we have retained for data processing using the SPSS data analysis software, we retain that 52.9% of the companies studied are from the trade sector, 26.5% from the industrial sector and 20.6% from the service sector and that the more the management of the company is decentralized, the higher the level of education and As the experience of a company's account preparer grows, the more perceived the usefulness and ease of use of wise software, the more likely it is that the company will actually adopt wise Saari.     JEL Classification : M40, L86 Paper type : Empirical researchL’objectif de ce papier Ă©tait de vĂ©rifier si le profil de l’entitĂ©, le profil du prĂ©parateur de comptes et le profil perçu du logiciel de gestion sage Saari permettent chacun en ce qui le concerne, l’usage quotidien de l’outil de gestion sage Saari  dans les entreprises au Cameroun. Le problĂšme se pose en ceci que sur trente entreprises observĂ©es sur le terrain en prĂ©lude de cette Ă©tude, nous avons constatĂ© qu’elles toutes (100%) ont rĂ©ellement installĂ© le logiciel de gestion sage Saari chez-elles, mais seulement ne se servent pas suffisamment de cela pour la production des informations et le pilotage de l’entitĂ©. Pour rĂ©pondre Ă  l’objectif de vĂ©rification, nous avons optĂ© pour la posture positiviste, pour le raisonnement hypothĂ©tico-dĂ©ductif, pour l’approche quantitative, pour une mĂ©thode d’échantillonnage non probabiliste.  Nous avons de ce fait exploitĂ© des donnĂ©es recueillies par questionnaire sur un Ă©chantillon de 34 entreprises au Cameroun. Au sortir de l’analyse descriptive, du test d’indĂ©pendance de khi-deux et de la rĂ©gression logistique binaire qui sont effectivement des tests que nous avons retenus pour le traitement des donnĂ©es au biais du logiciel d’analyse de donnĂ©es SPSS, on retient que 52,9% des entreprises Ă©tudiĂ©es sont du secteur de commerce, 26,5% du secteur industriel et 20,6% du secteur de service et que plus la gestion de l’entreprise est dĂ©centralisĂ©e, plus le niveau d’étude et d’expĂ©rience du prĂ©parateur de comptes de l’entreprise croĂźt, plus l’utilitĂ© et la facilitĂ© d’usage du logiciel sage sont perçues, plus il y a des chances que l’entreprise adopte rĂ©ellement sage Saari.         Classification JEL : M40, L86 Type de l’article : Recherche appliquĂ©

    Le trafic des enfants au Cameroun : Ă©tude d’une forme d’abus Ă  l’égard des “cadets sociaux”

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    Le trafic des enfants s'organise Ă  travers un rĂ©seau qui associe des parents – qui cĂšdent leurs enfants pour une somme dĂ©risoire – Ă  des intermĂ©diaires chargĂ©s de convoyer les enfants et de les placer auprĂšs d’employeurs qui utilisent ainsi leur force de travail. Les employeurs versent en retour de l'argent dont l'essentiel est partagĂ© entre l'intermĂ©diaire et les parents.L’analyse de ce phĂ©nomĂšne conduit les auteurs Ă  s’interroger Ă  propos de l’économie informelle et des cultures de rente, mais aussi de l’évolution du statut des femmes. L'enquĂȘte montre en effet que les mutations socio-Ă©conomiques dans les zones Ă©tudiĂ©es alourdissent les charges de travail des femmes, surtout celles qui accĂšdent Ă  l'Ă©conomie monĂ©taire. Elles sont donc obligĂ©es de confier une partie de leurs tĂąches Ă  d'autres qu'elles recrutent et mettent Ă  leur service. Il s'agit alors souvent des personnes les plus vulnĂ©rables de la sociĂ©tĂ©, celles qui sont au plus bas de l'Ă©chelle sociale. Les enfants des familles vivant dans la prĂ©caritĂ© sont alors les cibles dĂ©signĂ©es.Child trafficking in Cameroon. A pattern of abuse towards « social juniors »                    Child trafficking is organised through a system which associates parents – who give out their children for ridiculous sums– with intermediaries charged with sending and placing these children under employers who, in turn, use their labour force. These employers pay money back and most of it is usually shared between the intermediary and the parents. Analysing this phenomenon leads the authors to question not only informal economy and cash crop but also the evolution of women’s status. Enquiries prove that socio-economic changes in investigation zones increases the weight of women’s work, especially those who gain economic empowerment. They are therefore obliged to confine parts of their tasks to others recruited and put at their service. It is usually those very vulnerable people of the society, those at the base of the social ladder. Children from precarious families are therefore designed targets.El trĂĄfico de niños en CamerĂșn. Estudio de una forma de abuso con respecto a los « menores sociales »                 El trĂĄfico de niños se organiza a travĂ©s de una red que asocia padres – que ceden sus hijos por una suma irrisoria — e intermediarios encargados de trasportar a los niños y colocarlos con empleadores que utilizan asĂ­ su fuerza laboral. Los empleadores pagan por ellos dinero que es repartido entre el intermediario y los padres.El anĂĄlisis de este fenĂłmeno conduce a los autores a interrogarse sobre la economĂ­a informal y las culturas de renta, pero tambiĂ©n sobre la evoluciĂłn de la condiciĂłn de la mujer. La investigaciĂłn muestra de hecho que las mutaciones socio-econĂłmicas en las zonas estudiadas aumentan las cargas de trabajo de las mujeres, sobre todo de aquellas que acceden a la economĂ­a monetaria. Éstas son obligadas a confiar una parte de sus tareas a otras personas, que contratan y ponen a su servicio. AsĂ­, se trata a menudo de las personas mĂĄs vulnerables de la sociedad, las que se encuentran en lo mĂĄs bajo de la escala social. Los niños de las familias que viven en la precariedad son asĂ­ los objetivos designados

    ANALYSIS OF THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE PROFILE OF THE LEADER-OWNER TO THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE CAMEROON INDIVIDUAL ENTERPRISE

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    This study aims to verify the influence of the personal and managerial characteristics of the owner-manager on the financial performance of the individual company. We collected our data from a face-to-face questionnaire with 152 Cameroonian companies. Our analyzes show that all the companies selected are sole proprietorships from different sectors of activity. Moreover, the binary logistic regression tells us that: the manager's level of education has no effect on the residual result, however, his training on the activity, his experience, his ability to innovate, his ability to invest exert a significant and positive influence on the residual result indirectly on the financial performance of the individual company. Similarly, when the executive is more than 40 years old, he exercises a significant and positive influence on the result of his business and thus on the financial performance of the individual company

    Short-wave diathermy in the clinical management of musculoskeletal disorders: a pilot observational study

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    Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common cause of pain and functional limitation in the general population. The study aim was to evaluate short-wave diathermy (SWD) effects on pain and quality of life in people with musculoskeletal disorders. Eighty participants (31 men, mean age 56 \ub1 12.49 years) were enrolled, recruiting from outpatient clinics at the Rehabilitation Unit, University Hospital, Padova. Inclusion criteria were pain lasting more than 15 days, pain visual analog scale (VAS) score higher than 50/100 mm, and a diagnosis of osteoarthritis, neck/back pain, or tendinopathies. All participants underwent ten sessions of percutaneous SWD, 3 times/week. Each session lasted 15\u201320 min, with frequencies of 4 or 8 MHz and heat intensity between 40 and 60 W. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment. Primary outcome was pain reduction, evaluated by short form McGill pain questionnaire, which includes VAS and present pain intensity (PPI). Secondary outcome was improvement in social and work-related activity limitations. Participants were grouped based on classification of pain [nociceptive and neuropathic pain (group A) vs nociceptive only (group B)]. VAS and PPI improved significantly (p < 0.01). No difference in pain reduction (VAS and PPI) emerged between the groups. Limitations due to pain in work-related and non-work-related activities decreased (p < 0.01); use of pain medications was reduced at T1 vs T0 (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that SWD is effective\ua0in reducing musculoskeletal pain in the short term, providing relief and improving quality of life

    Analyse de l’effet de la structure de financement sur la crĂ©ation de la valeur partenariale dans les PME camerounaises du secteur de commerce et de distribution

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    L’objectif visĂ© par cette Ă©tude est d’évaluer l’effet des diffĂ©rents modes de financement sur lacrĂ©ation de la valeur pour les parties prenantes de la PME camerounaise. Notre Ă©tude est axĂ©esur celles opĂ©rant dans le secteur de commerce et de distribution. Pour conduire ce travail,nous avons adoptĂ© une posture positiviste, une approche hypothĂ©tico-dĂ©ductive. Pour yparvenir, nous avons recueillies les donnĂ©es auprĂšs de 227 PME. Elles ont Ă©tĂ© soumises auxdiffĂ©rents tests statistiques (test de khi-deux, rĂ©gression logistique binaire). A l’issu de nosanalyses, il ressort que : l’endettement bancaire, l’émission d’actions nouvelles,l’autofinancement exercent chacun une influence significative et nĂ©gative sur la crĂ©ation de lavaleur partenariale

    La gestion du bas du bilan et la pérennité des PME camerounaises

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    L’intĂ©rĂȘt portĂ© par les pouvoirs publics Ă  la promotion et au dĂ©veloppement des PME camerounaises nous a poussĂ© Ă  fixer comme objectif pour ce travail l’explication de la pĂ©rennitĂ© des PME Ă  travers la gestion du bas de leur bilan. Pour cela, nous avons optĂ© pour une Ă©tude quantitative Ă  partir d’une approche hypothĂ©tico-dĂ©ductive afin de vĂ©rifier des Ă©ventuelles liaisons entre les variables du modĂšle de cette Ă©tude grĂące Ă  une rĂ©gression linĂ©aire multiple. Pour ce fait, notre Ă©chantillon est constituĂ© de 214 PME, observĂ© sur la pĂ©riode 2010 Ă  2015 dans la ville de YaoundĂ© au Cameroun. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les Ă©lĂ©ments du bas du bilan ont une influence significative sur la pĂ©rennitĂ© des PME camerounaises ce qui confirme les hypothĂšses de notre recherche, puisque la gestion des stocks, des dettes fournisseurs, et des crĂ©ances clients dĂ©termine la pĂ©rennitĂ© des PME. Tout de mĂȘme, plus la trĂ©sorerie est bien gĂ©rĂ©e, plus l’entreprise est pĂ©renne

    De la comptabilité de caisse à la comptabilité en droit constaté : Quels enjeux pour la gouvernance des Etablissements Publics Administratifs ?

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    L’objet de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer dans le contexte camerounais l’enjeu qui pourraitdĂ©couler de l’adoption d’une comptabilitĂ© dite de droit constatĂ©, dont les principes defonctionnement sont inspirĂ©s des rĂšgles comptables des entreprises privĂ©es, dans lagouvernance des Etablissements Publics Administratifs. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous noussommes basĂ© sur la riche littĂ©rature en Ă©mettant deux hypothĂšses. Pour vĂ©rifier celles-ci, nousavons constituĂ© un Ă©chantillon de 75 Etablissements Publics Administratifs de la ville deYaoundĂ©, Douala et Bafoussam et nous avons effectuĂ©s les tests de Khi-deux et Student Ă travers SPSS.21, suivi de l’analyse descriptive-corrĂ©lationnelle qui nous ont permis deconclure que malgrĂ© certaines spĂ©cificitĂ©s reconnues Ă  l’administration publique, lacomptabilitĂ© en droit constatĂ© est une solution pour amĂ©liorer la gouvernance desEtablissements Publics Administratifs

    Efficacy of amodiaquine, sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and their combination for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children in Cameroon at the time of policy change to artemisinin-based combination therapy

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    RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.Abstract Background The efficacy of amodiaquine (AQ), sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and the combination of SP+AQ in the treatment of Cameroonian children with clinical malaria was investigated. The prevalence of molecular markers for resistance to these drugs was studied to set the baseline for surveillance of their evolution with time. Methods Seven hundred and sixty children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were studied in three ecologically different regions of Cameroon - Mutengene (littoral equatorial forest), Yaound&#233; (forest-savannah mosaic) and Garoua (guinea-savannah). Study children were randomized to receive either AQ, SP or the combination AQ+SP. Clinical outcome was classified according to WHO criteria, as either early treatment failure (ETF), late clinical failure (LCF), late parasitological failure (LPF) or adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR). The occurrence of mutations in pfcrt, pfmdr1, dhfr and dhps genes was studied by either RFLP or dot blot techniques and the prevalence of these mutations related to parasitological and therapeutic failures. Results After correction for the occurrence of re-infection by PCR, ACPRs on day 28 for AQ, SP and AQ+SP were 71.2%, 70.1% and 80.9%, in Garoua, 79.2%, 62.5%, and 81.9% in Mutengene, and 80.3%, 67.5% and 76.2% in Yaound&#233; respectively. High levels of Pfcrt 76T (87.11%) and Pfmdr1 86Y mutations (73.83%) were associated with quinoline resistance in the south compared to the north, 31.67% (76T) and 22.08% (86Y). There was a significant variation (p &lt; 0.001) of the prevalence of the SGK haplotype between Garoua in the north (8.33%), Yaound&#233; (36.29%) in the savannah-forest mosaic and Mutengene (66.41%) in the South of Cameroon and a weak relation between SGK haplotype and SP failure. The 540E mutation on the dhps gene was extremely rare (0.3%) and occurred only in Mutengene while the pfmdr1 1034K and 1040D mutations were not detected in any of the three sites. Conclusion In this study the prevalence of molecular markers for quinoline and anti-folate resistances showed high levels and differed between the south and north of Cameroon. AQ, SP and AQ+SP treatments were well tolerated but with low levels of efficacy that suggested alternative treatments were needed in Cameroon since 2005.Published versio

    Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase ephb2 on dendritic cells is modulated by toll-like receptor ligation but is not required for t cell activation

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    The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases interact with their ephrin ligands on adjacent cells to facilitate contact-dependent cell communication. Ephrin B ligands are expressed on T cells and have been suggested to act as co-stimulatory molecules during T cell activation. There are no detailed reports of the expression and modulation of EphB receptors on dendritic cells, the main antigen presenting cells that interact with T cells. Here we show that mouse splenic dendritic cells (DC) and bone-marrow derived DCs (BMDC) express EphB2, a member of the EphB family. EphB2 expression is modulated by ligation of TLR4 and TLR9 and also by interaction with ephrin B ligands. Co-localization of EphB2 with MHC-II is also consistent with a potential role in T cell activation. However, BMDCs derived from EphB2 deficient mice were able to present antigen in the context of MHC-II and produce T cell activating cytokines to the same extent as intact DCs. Collectively our data suggest that EphB2 may contribute to DC responses, but that EphB2 is not required for T cell activation. This result may have arisen because DCs express other members of the EphB receptor family, EphB3, EphB4 and EphB6, all of which can interact with ephrin B ligands, or because EphB2 may be playing a role in another aspect of DC biology such as migration
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