Cubic graphs with large circumference deficit

The circumference $c(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the length of a longest cycle. By exploiting our recent results on resistance of snarks, we construct infinite classes of cyclically $4$-, $5$- and $6$-edge-connected cubic graphs with circumference ratio $c(G)/|V(G)|$ bounded from above by $0.876$, $0.960$ and $0.990$, respectively. In contrast, the dominating cycle conjecture implies that the circumference ratio of a cyclically $4$-edge-connected cubic graph is at least $0.75$. In addition, we construct snarks with large girth and large circumference deficit, solving Problem 1 proposed in [J. H\"agglund and K. Markstr\"om, On stable cycles and cycle double covers of graphs with large circumference, Disc. Math. 312 (2012), 2540--2544]

Budoucnost evropské integrace po přijetí společné ústavy EU

The group of the four most powerful European countries hopes to agree on the final from of EU-convention by the end of 2003. The problem are several details, especially new voting system and the role of EU presidency. The most states are also afraid of loosing their national character and possibility to built independent legal acts. The convention means for them strong unification and removing decissions from member countries to the centrallevel in Brussels. If the draft is accepted at the summit in Brussels, the process of referendums in 25 counries will follow. The biggest obstacle is that the majority of citizens is not involved in this process and they do not receive enough information and support from their political representatives. For this reasons the possible referendums may delay the term after which the new convention will be valid, accepted and real

Transition control based on grey, neural states

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Oldest known pantherine skull and evolution of the tiger

The tiger is one of the most iconic extant animals, and its origin and evolution have been intensely debated. Fossils attributable to extant pantherine species-lineages are less than 2 MYA and the earliest tiger fossils are from the Calabrian, Lower Pleistocene. Molecular studies predict a much younger age for the divergence of modern tiger subspecies at <100 KYA, although their cranial morphology is readily distinguishable, indicating that early Pleistocene tigers would likely have differed markedly anatomically from extant tigers. Such inferences are hampered by the fact that well-known fossil tiger material is middle to late Pleistocene in age. Here we describe a new species of pantherine cat from Longdan, Gansu Province, China, Panthera zdanskyi sp. nov. With an estimated age of 2.55–2.16 MYA it represents the oldest complete skull of a pantherine cat hitherto found. Although smaller, it appears morphologically to be surprisingly similar to modern tigers considering its age. Morphological, morphometric, and cladistic analyses are congruent in confirming its very close affinity to the tiger, and it may be regarded as the most primitive species of the tiger lineage, demonstrating the first unequivocal presence of a modern pantherine species-lineage in the basal stage of the Pleistocene (Gelasian; traditionally considered to be Late Pliocene). This find supports a north-central Chinese origin of the tiger lineage, and demonstrates that various parts of the cranium, mandible, and dentition evolved at different rates. An increase in size and a reduction in the relative size of parts of the dentition appear to have been prominent features of tiger evolution, whereas the distinctive cranial morphology of modern tigers was established very early in their evolutionary history. The evolutionary trend of increasing size in the tiger lineage is likely coupled to the evolution of its primary prey species

Renewable energy sources in the region of the North Moravia

Smyslem této bakalářské práce je rešeršní přehled obnovitelných zdrojů na území severní Moravy, respektive na území Olomouckého kraje. V této práci jsou přehledně popsány hlavní obnovitelné zdroje energie, které se na našem území využívají. Jedná se především o potenciál fotovoltaických systémů, větrné a vodní energie a využití biomasy. U každého druhu obnovitelného zdroje je popsán jak princip, tak i možnost využití právě na území severní Moravy. Jsou zde popsány konkrétní aplikace na území Olomouckého kraje, které využívají těchto energetických potenciálů.The content of this work is to search an overview of basic types of renewable resources in the region of the north Moravia, respectively in the Olomouc region. In this work, are clearly described the main sources that are used in our country, especially the potential of photovoltaic systems, wind energy, water energy and biomass. For each type of renewable source is depicted a principle and the possibility to use just in the region of the north Moravia. In addition, specific applications are described in the Olomouc region, using these energy potentials.

SAKO Brno - heat output in CHP

Cílem této diplomové práce je návrh řešení vývodu tepelného výkonu brněnské spalovny SAKO, a.s. do horkovodu zásobování města teplem. V první řadě je popsána problematika skládkování odpadů společnosti a jejich důsledky na životní prostředí. Dále jsou nastíněny alternativní možnosti využití těchto odpadů, a to především spalování ve spalovnách. V práci je popsána historie vůbec první spalovny v ČR, její následná modernizace pro ekonomičtější i ekologičtější využití odpadů a modernizace čištění spalin. Na tuto část navazuje současný stav spalovny s popisem a parametry jednotlivých technologií. Přínos práce je poté v návrhu úprav zařízení a zapojení pro využití páry na ohřev topné vody a zásobování města Brna teplem v horkovodu. Jedná se především o tepelný výpočet parních ohříváků vody na konci expanze páry a s tím související úpravy lopatkování turbíny. V závěru práce je nastíněn základní ekonomický výpočet a porovnání zisků a investic spojených s touto realizací oproti stavu, který je nyní již projektován. Jedná se o výpočet efektivnosti investice a její návratnosti vlivem nárůstu zisků za prodej el. energie. Tato práce tak slouží pouze jako určitý podklad pro budoucí technické realizace, který nám má nastínit vhodnost této úpravy.The purpose of this thesis is to design a solution thermal power outlet of incinerator in hot water for the supply this town of heat. First and foremost are described problems landfill society and their implications on the environment. Next some alternatives of the waste and the burning in incinerators are described too. The thesis describes the history of the first incineration plant in the Czech Republic and its subsequent upgrading of the economical and environmentally friendly waste recovery and modernization of flue gas cleaning. Contribution of the work is then proposed as amendments to equipment and wiring for use of steam for the conversion heat output into hot water. This is essentially a calculation of steam water heaters at the end of the expansion of the steam and the related adjustments to the turbine blading. At the conclusion outlines the basic economic calculation and comparison of profits and investment associated with this implementation compared to implementation, which is now projected. It is a calculation of investment efficiency and its possible repayment due to higher profits from the sale of energy. This work serves only as a basis work for future technical realization and it outlines the appropriateness of this alteration.