Interspecies variation in the hepatic biotransformation of zearalenone: Evidence for bio-inactivation of mycoestrogen zearalenone in sturgeon fish

Zearalenone (ZEA) as mycoestrogen is found in human foods and animal feeds. Its estrogenic potency depends on its biotransformation fate. The hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in two species of sturgeon fish (Acipenser persicus and Huso huso) was investigated. ZEA was incubated with the hepatic microsomal and post-mitochondrial sub-fractions in the presence of NADPH and the metabolites were determined by means of HPLC. Moreover, the rate of glucuronidation for ZEA and its metabolites were estimated in the presence of uridine diphosphateglucuronic acid. β-zearalenol (β-ZOL) was found to be the major metabolite of ZEA by both sub-fractions. Enzymatic kinetics studies revealed that the maximum velocity (Vmax) in microsomal and post-mitochondrial fractions for β-ZOL production was found 5- and 7-folds in Huso huso and 8- and 12-folds in A. persicus higher than that for α-ZOL production, respectively. The H. huso hepatic post-mitochondrial fraction mainly glucurinated ZEA while in A. persicus, the metabolites and in particular β-ZOL were glucuronidated. Data suggest that the hepatic biotransformation of ZEA in studied sturgeons resulted in detoxification of ZEA as the main metabolite tends to be β-ZOL with weaker estrogenic property. Moreover, clear differences in glucuronidation profile are indicating interspecies variety in hepatic biotransformation of ZEA

Numerical Study of the Behavior of Steel Frame with Concentric Buckling Restrained and Conventional Braces

In this paper, a method is proposed to provide a simple model of buckling restrained braces. After introducing the elements, taking into account all parts of buckling restrained braces, a sample of this type of braces is modeled in finite element Abaqus software. After confirming the numerical model using the available laboratory results, which is carried out by static nonlinear analysis, moment frame model with chevron bracing is compared with moment frame with chevron buckling-restrained bracing. In this study, the behavior of buckling restrained braces as a hysteretic damper was investigated and a good performance was observed in energy absorption compared to conventional bracing

Inequalities involving Hadamard product for sector matrices

Important inequalities for some operator mean inequalities involving Hadamard product have been proved, recently. In this paper, we extend these inequalities to inequalities for sector matrices which involve the mean of sector matrices, the positive linear maps and operator monotone functions

Evaluating the protective effect of co-administrating of vitamin C and royal jelly on Phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia’s derangements on sperm quality and serum parameters in mice Running Title: Role of vitamin C in anemia

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: کاهش جریان خون موجب تغییرات آسیب شناسی در عملکرد طبیعی بیضه و اسپرماتوژنز می شود، همچنین یون‌های آهن آزاد شده ناشی از لیزه شدن گلبول های قرمز و به دنبال آن افزایش یون‌های آهن در بافت بیضه ممکن است موجب استرس اکسیداتیو و اختلال در عملکرد دستگاه تولید مثل گردد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی، تعداد 32 سر موش بالغ 20 تا 25 گرمی به 4 گروه تقسیم شدندکه شامل گروه کنترل دریافت کننده سرم فیزیولوژی با دز ml, IP) 2/0)، گروه کنترل شم دریافت کننده فنیل هیدرازین (PHZ) با دزIP) g,100 mg/6)، گروه فنیل هیدرازین همراه با ویتامین C با دز mg/kg, IP) 250) و ژل رویال با دز mg/kg) 100) از طریق دهانی، و گروه دریافت کننده ژل رویال همراه با ویتامین C بودند. پس از 35 روز نمونه های خونی از طریق قلب جمع آوری شده و سطوح سرمی ظرفیت آنتی اکسیدانتی تام (TAC) و مالون دی آلدئید (MDA) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. همچنین پارامترهای اسپرم شامل شمارش، تحرک، قابلیت زنده مانی، تراکم کروماتین و آسیب DNA اسپرم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ ها: نتایج نشان دهنده کاهش معنی دار TAC بود که تجویز آنتی اکسیدانت‌ها توانسته بود از این کاهش جلوگیری کند. علاوه ‌براین فنیل هیدرازین باعث افزایش سطح MDA در سرم شده بود. با این وجود تجویز آنتی اکسیدانت‌ها موجب کاهش آن در حیوانات گردید. در نهایت ویتامین C به همراه ژل رویال باعث افزایش معنی دار در کیفیت پارامترهای اسپرم گردید (05/0

Protective effects of milk thistle (silybum marianum) seeds and sodium bentonite in ameliorating the toxic effects of aflatoxin b1 in broiler chicks

 Background: Aflatoxin-contaminated feed cause mortality, suppression of the immune system, reduced growth rates and losses in feed efficiency. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the ability of different levels of sodium bentonite (SB), Silybummarianum seeds (SMS) and their combination for reducing the adverse effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in broiler chicks.Materials and Methods: 224 male Ross 308 broiler chicks in a completely randomized design based on factorial experiment (2 × 2 × 2) with 2 levels AFB (0and 500ppb), 2 levels SMS (0 and 0.5%) and 2 levels SB (0 and 0.5%) with 8 treatments, 4 replicates and 7 chickens per each were used from one to 24 days age.Results: The results showed that compared with the control group, diets contaminated with AFB1 increased the aminotransferase (AST) and gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) but decreased serum total protein (TP) and Albumin significantly (P≤0.05). SB with AFB caused a significant decrease in serum AST and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and increase Albumin significantly (P≤0.05). SMS with AFB causes a significant decrease in serum Urea, GGT and LDH levels significantly (P≤0.05). Broiler chickens fed diets containing SB, SMS and AFB1 their biochemical indices (AST, GGT, Albumin and total protein) were improved significantly compare to basal diet contaminated with aflatoxin (P≤0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that the combination of SB and the SMS were more beneficial as separate application of them for decreased toxic effect of Aflatoxin B1 in diets

Zearalenone and Reproductive Function in Farm Animals

Farm animals are exposed to zearalenone through the feed because of the widespread occurrence of this mycotoxin in cereals and clinical reproductive disorders due to mycotoxin effects are often reported in farm animal species. This review describes the metabolism, the mechanistic aspects, the clinical reproductive symptoms and the in vitro effects on functional parameters of oocytes and sperm cells induced by zearalenone and its derivatives in farm animals. The studies on in vitro effects allow to understand the action mechanisms of mycotoxins and, sometime, to explain the in vivo symptoms. The impairment of semen quality and female reproductive function induced by zearalenone could be a factor responsible for the reproductive failure in farm animals

Nonlocal boundary conditions for corrugated acoustic metasurface with strong near field interactions

The propagation of long-wavelength sound in the presence of a metasurface made by arranging acoustic resonators periodically upon or slightly above an impervious substrate is studied. The method of two-scale asymptotic homogenization is used to derive effective boundary conditions, which account for both the surface corrugation and the low-frequency resonance. This method is applied to periodic arrays of resonators of any shape operating in the long-wavelength regime. The approach relies on the existence of a locally periodic boundary layer developed in the vicinity of the metasurface, where strong near-field interactions of the resonators with each other and with the substrate take place. These local effects give rise to an effective surface admittance supplemented by nonlocal contributions from the simple and double gradients of the pressure at the surface. These phenomena are illustrated for the periodic array of cylindrical Helmholtz resonators with an extended inner duct. Effects of the centre-to-centre spacing and orientation of the resonators' opening on the nonlocality and apparent resonance frequency are studied. The model could be used to design metasurfaces with specific effective boundary conditions required for particular applications