Multigenerational family house

Téma bakalářské práce je novostavba vícegeneračního rodinného domu v Náchodě. Dispoziční řešení je uzpůsobeno do dvou bytových jednotek. Objekt je zasazen do mírně svažitého terénu. Má dvě nadzemní a jedno podzemní podlaží. Budova je navržena ze systému POROTHERM. Konstrukce střechy je plochá jednoplášťová.The theme of bachelor´s thesis is new construction of multigenerational family house in Nachod. The layout is designed in two residential units. The building is set in gently sloping terrain. It has two above ground and one underground floor. The building is designed from the system POROTHERM. The roof is flat with single casing.

Global Optima for Size Optimization Benchmarks by Branch and Bound Principles

This paper searches for global optima for size optimization benchmarks utilizing a method based on branch and bound principles. The goal is to demonstrate the process for finding these global optima on the basis of two examples. A suitable parallelization strategy is used in order to minimize the computational demands. Optima found in the literature are compared with the optima used in this work

A competitive comparison of different types of evolutionary algorithms

This paper presents comparison of several stochastic optimization algorithms developed by authors in their previous works for the solution of some problems arising in Civil Engineering. The introduced optimization methods are: the integer augmented simulated annealing (IASA), the real-coded augmented simulated annealing (RASA), the differential evolution (DE) in its original fashion developed by R. Storn and K. Price and simplified real-coded differential genetic algorithm (SADE). Each of these methods was developed for some specific optimization problem; namely the Chebychev trial polynomial problem, the so called type 0 function and two engineering problems - the reinforced concrete beam layout and the periodic unit cell problem respectively. Detailed and extensive numerical tests were performed to examine the stability and efficiency of proposed algorithms. The results of our experiments suggest that the performance and robustness of RASA, IASA and SADE methods are comparable, while the DE algorithm performs slightly worse. This fact together with a small number of internal parameters promotes the SADE method as the most robust for practical use.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figures, 5 table

Differential response of communities of plants, snails, ants and spiders to long-term mowing in a small-scale experiment

We examined the response of communities of four groups of organisms (plants, snails, ants and spiders) in a small scale mosaic of 8-years mown and unmown plots in a wet meadow in Central Europe. The experimental setup consisted of 7 unmown and 8 regularly mown 4 m2 plots in checkerboard arrangement. Eight years after the start of the experiment, the plant community structure diverged in response to mowing/nonmowing, both in species composition and structure. Both bryophyte and vascular plant species numbers were significantly higher in the mown plots. In unmown plots, bryophytes nearly disappeared and plots were dominated by the tall tussock grass Molinia caerulea. Both diversity and abundance of snails were higher in unmown plots than in mown ones. Ant nests were more abundant in mown plots and species composition differed between mown and unmown plots. We captured significantly more individuals of spiders in mown plots but we did not find any difference in species composition. We conclude that the 8-years duration of different management of 4 m2 plots was sufficient to establish different communities in low movable organisms, whereas these plots are probably too small to host different assemblages of organisms with good active dispersal abilities

Energy-saving house

Předmětem diplomové práce je energeticky úsporný dům. Objekt je navržen v katastrálním území města Náchod na ul. U Vodojemu. Budova je určena pro trvalé bydlení osob. Je zde k dispozici 11 obytných jednotek. Objekt je navržen ze zděného konstrukčního systému, keramických tvárnic Porotherm. Stropní konstrukce je provedena ze systému Porotherm Strop. Objekt je zastřešen jednoplášťovou plochou střechou.The subject of the diploma theses is a energy-saving house. The building is designed in the Náchod cadastral, U Vodojemu street. The building is designed for the permanent housing. There is an 11 residential units. The building is designed of brick construction system ceramic blocks Porotherm. Ceiling structure is made of Porotherm Ceiling. The building is coverd with flat roof.

Measurement and analysis of the blood flow in peripheral vessels by ultrasound Doppler methods

V dnešní době je Dopplerovská ultrasonografie nezbytnou součástí v lékařství. Díky ní můžeme pozorovat akustické zobrazení tkáně spojené s Dopplerovským měřením parametrů toku krve. Stále se využívá Dopplerovských přístrojů s kontinuálním signálem, které jsou sice konstrukčně a technicky jednodušší, ale jsou vhodné pro měření rychlosti a objemu proudící krve v periferních cévách horních a dolních končetin. Z tokových křivek se vypočítávají fyziologické parametry, které se klinicky využívají pro hodnocení stavu krevního zásobení dané části těla. Z tokových křivek se stanoví tzv. periferní odpor, rychlost průtoku krve v systole a diastole, střední rychlost aj. Sledovanou skupinu osob tvoří studenti a studentky věku od 18 do 20 let. Dopplerovská měření byla prováděna v klidu před zátěží a následně po zátěži.Nowadays, the Doppler ultrasonography is an essential part in medicine. With it, we can observe acoustic showoff some tissue associated with Doppler measurement of blood flow parameters. It is still using Doppler devices with a continuous signal which are although structurally and technically simpler, but they are suitable for measuring the speed and volume of blood flow in peripheral blood vessels of the upper and lower limbs. There are calculated physiological parameters from the flow curves that are clinically used for assessing the state of blood supply to the body part. We can determine many values from the flow curves, like peripheral resistance, blood flow in systole and diastole, medium speed, etc. Study group of people are male and female students from 18 to 20 years. Doppler measurements have been performed before physical exercise and after physical exercise.

Mechanistic explanations of community structure: Introduction

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75364/1/j.1654-1103.1999.tb00597.x.pd

Improvements of real coded genetic algorithms based on differential operators preventing premature convergence

This paper presents several types of evolutionary algorithms (EAs) used for global optimization on real domains. The interest has been focused on multimodal problems, where the difficulties of a premature convergence usually occurs. First the standard genetic algorithm (SGA) using binary encoding of real values and its unsatisfactory behavior with multimodal problems is briefly reviewed together with some improvements of fighting premature convergence. Two types of real encoded methods based on differential operators are examined in detail: the differential evolution (DE), a very modern and effective method firstly published by R. Storn and K. Price, and the simplified real-coded differential genetic algorithm SADE proposed by the authors. In addition, an improvement of the SADE method, called CERAF technology, enabling the population of solutions to escape from local extremes, is examined. All methods are tested on an identical set of objective functions and a systematic comparison based on a reliable methodology is presented. It is confirmed that real coded methods generally exhibit better behavior on real domains than the binary algorithms, even when extended by several improvements. Furthermore, the positive influence of the differential operators due to their possibility of self-adaptation is demonstrated. From the reliability point of view, it seems that the real encoded differential algorithm, improved by the technology described in this paper, is a universal and reliable method capable of solving all proposed test problems.Comment: 23 pages, 2 figures, 4 table

Interaction between habitat limitation and dispersal limitation is modulated by species life history and external conditions: a stochastic matrix model approach

Traditionally, species absence in a community is ascribed either to dispersal limitation (i.e., the inability of propagules of a species to reach a site) or to habitat limitation (abiotic or biotic conditions of a site prevent species from forming a viable population); sowing experiments can then distinguish between these two mechanisms. In our view, the situation is even more complicated. To demonstrate the complexity of the problem, we designed and applied simulations based on an extension of matrix models covering effects of propagule pressure and habitat limitation, and reflecting various characteristics of a species and of a habitat. These included life history, fecundity, seed bank viability of a species, habitat carrying capacity and disturbances. All the investigated factors affected proportion of occupied habitats. Whereas they can, to a large extent, compensate for each other, simultaneous decrease of habitat suitability and propagule input can be detrimental to the survival of a population. Our model demonstrated that in many cases, the absence of a species in a community is of stochastic nature, and result of interaction of species life history and various external conditions, and thus cannot be simply attributed to a single cause. The model results are supported with examples of case studies. The results also explain some well-known ecological phenomena, as decrease of niche breadth from the center to the margins of area of distribution. Finally, the model also suggests some caveats in interpretation of the results of sowing experiments. | Supporting Information Supporting Information </supplementary-material

Management practices influence the competitive potential of weed communities and their value to biodiversity in South African vineyards.

Weeds have negative impacts on crop production but also play a role in sustaining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. This trade‐off raises the question of whether it is possible to promote weed communities with low competitive potential but high value to biodiversity. Here, we explored how weed communities respond to different vineyard management practices in South Africa's Western Cape, aiming to identify whether any specific practices are associated with more beneficial weed communities. Eight weed community characteristics representative of abundance, diversity and functional composition were used as indicators of competitive potential and biodiversity value. We explored how these responded to farm management strategy (organic, low input or conventional) and weed management practices (herbicides, tillage, mowing or combinations of these) using ordination and mixed models. Mown sites were associated with weed communities of high biodiversity value, with higher weed cover in both winter and summer, higher diversity and more native weeds. Mowing also promoted shorter weeds than either tillage or herbicides, considered to be less competitive with grapevines. However, high summer weed cover may be problematic where competition for water is critical, in which case tillage offers a method to limit summer weed cover that did not adversely affect diversity or native weeds. In contrast, herbicide‐treated sites had characteristics indicative of a lower biodiversity value and higher potential for competitiveness with few native weeds, lower diversity and relatively tall, small‐seeded weeds. Mowing in winter combined with tillage in spring may thus optimise the biodiversity benefits and production costs of Western Cape vineyard weeds