Demonstration experiments in physics education: Energy change

U okviru rada diskutiraju se metode izvedbe nastave fizike koje bi trebale rezultirati boljim razumijevanjem nastavnih sadržaja i stjecanjem trajnih znanja. Pri tome je ključan fizikalni pokus kao središnji element nastavnog sata fizike. Na primjeru teme o pretvorbi energije temeljene na zakonu očuvanja energije, daje se pregled odabranih demonstracijskih pokusa kojima bi se mogli postići navedeni ciljevi.In this work, methods of performing physical teaching are discussed, which should result in a better understanding of teaching content and the acquisition of persistent knowledge. The physical experiment has a key role as the central element of the physics teaching. In an example of energy-based transformation topic, an overview of selected demonstration experiments is provided to achieve these goals

Sustainability in fasion as inspiration for textile design

Istraživanjem problema održivosti mode, jasno je da su nam potrebna riješenja kako bi smanjili štetu koju modna industrija prouzrokuje svojom proizvodnjom i stvaranjem otpada. Kroz povratak u prošlost i ponovno razmatranje starih tehnika bojadisanja te korištenje biljaka koje su najbolji i najraznolikiji izvor bojila, istražujem nove tehnike i mogučnosti printanja tekstila bez kemikalija te težim recikliranju 100% upotrebljene sirovine što rezultira stvaranjem kolekcije tekstila zero-waste (nula otpada) kvalitete.By researching the problem of sustainability of fashion, it is clear that we need solutions to reduce the damage caused by the fashion industry through its production and waste generation. Through returning to the past and reconsidering the old dyeing techniques and the use of the best and most colorful plants, I research the new techniques and the possibilities of printing textiles without chemicals and trying to recyclle 100% of the raw material used, which results with the creation of a zero-waste textile collection

Contribution of Human Papillomavirus E6 PDZ-Binding Activity to Virus-Induced Pathogenesis

It is clear that the targeting of PDZ-containing substrates by E6 is important for the normal viral life cycle and for the progression to malignancy. However, which of these PDZ domain-containing proteins is relevant for HPV pathology is still elusive. In this study, we provide the evidence that different PDZ domain-containing proteins are differentially targeted by E6. With these experiments, we identified MAGI-1 as a sensitive proteolytic substrate for both the HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 oncoproteins. We show that E6 promotes the degradation of membrane-bound and nuclear pools of MAGI-1, and the silencing of E6 expression resulted in the MAGI-1-mediated junctional recruitment of ZO-1. Using a mutant MAGI-1, resistant to E6-mediated degradation, we also show that its expression in HeLa cells also promotes membrane recruitment of the tight junction-associated proteins ZO-1 and PAR3, represses cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. These findings suggest that E6-mediated inhibition of MAGI-1 function perturbs tight junction assembly, with concomitant stimulation of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis. We also found that the cell polarity regulator hScrib is differentially targeted by HPV-16 and HPV-18 Ed-mediated degradation. Surprisingly, we found that residual levels of hScrib expression are required for the maintenance of high levels of HPV-18 E6 expression in HeLa cells. This is not due to an effect on E6 stability or transcription, but rather is due to an effect upon E6 translation. We provide evidence that hScrib and E6 both regulate the PI3K/mTORC1 pathway, and that hScrib might regulate cap-dependent translation through the modulation of the mTORCl effector S6 kinase. This provides an unexpected role for hScrib in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, and provides further evidence that E6, by fine-tuning the levels of expression of its different cellular substrates, can impact upon a wide range of biological processes implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer

Late Thrombosis of Sirolimus-Eluting Stent: A Multifactorial Problem

We report a case of a young patient in whom a sirolimus-eluting stent was implanted on the culprit left anterior descending coronary artery at primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction. Nine months later she suffered from a reinfarction due to the late stent thrombosis despite a continuous antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel. A cluster of factors that might have contributed to the development of the stent thrombosis were identified: suboptimal PCI technique, complete stent fracture, and clopidogrel resistance. The obstructed stent was successfully reopened by repeat PCI, while the clopidogrel maintenance dosage was doubled to 150 mg daily for the following year. The further long-term clinical course was uneventful

Are Temporal Concepts Embodied? A Challenge for Cognitive Neuroscience

Is time an embodied concept? People often talk and think about temporal concepts in terms of space. This observation, along with linguistic and experimental behavioral data documenting a close conceptual relation between space and time, is often interpreted as evidence that temporal concepts are embodied. However, there is little neural data supporting the idea that our temporal concepts are grounded in sensorimotor representations. This lack of evidence may be because it is still unclear how an embodied concept of time should be expressed in the brain. The present paper sets out to characterize the kinds of evidence that would support or challenge embodied accounts of time. Of main interest are theoretical issues concerning (1) whether space, as a mediating concept for time, is itself best understood as embodied and (2) whether embodied theories should attempt to bypass space by investigating temporal conceptual grounding in neural systems that instantiate time perception

Revealing Levinas: Transcending moral and aesthetic distinctions between form and content through poetic gamespersonship

This poem was inspired by the confluence of two communications: An email regarding proposed changes to university workload policies, and a call for papers for a journal’s special issue on the work of Emmanuel Levinas. We used poetic form to reflect figuratively on academic integrity and what counts literally as good Levinas scholarship

Journal Data Policies: Are Croatian Journals Following Trends?

The aim of this work is to give an overview of recent developments of journal data sharing policies, with summary and examples of standardised guidelines for journal publishers. In addition, it examines the prevalence of journal data policies in Croatian journals and explores the content of these policies. To give an overview of the current state of data sharing policies, published articles that review existing journal data policies and develop model data policies or guidelines for journals were identified and examined. For the analysis of Croatian journals, data was collected from the Hrčak portal, using a software script for harvesting journal metadata and attached files from the portal. Searching for content related to data archiving through downloaded files was done using the following keywords: 'data', 'deposit', 'archiving', 'supplement', including Croatian variants and different grammar forms. The search process was facilitated by using software tools that extracted lines of text from source documents containing defined keywords, together with two lines of text above and below the position of keywords in the text as context. The script parses through documents and creates one file containing file name of the identified document and snippets of extracted text from that document. Created file is than manually examined to identify journals that have any content related to research data and eliminate content that is related to data in another context. A dataset is created which contains journal metadata and coded information about the content of the policy. Coding framework for the analysis of content related to research data in journal editorial documents was developed based on previous research (1, 2) and adapted for this analysis. Results and Discussion Recent studies (1, 2, 3) show lack of clear data sharing and transparency policies in the majority of journals. Where the policies were present, wide variety in quality of existing policies was found. This is an obstacle in the practice of data sharing, especially for the authors who need clear guidelines on how to deposit and make their data transparent and available for others to re-use. Standardisation of data policies could help journal editors and research funders to formulate clear mandates and recommendations that can influence the development of research transparency culture. Several attempts to develop a model data policies are identified in recent years, and the most prominent existing implementation guidelines for journals, publishers and funders are: Research data for journal editors by the Australian National Data Service(4), Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines by the Center for Open Science(5), Research Data Policy Framework for all journals and publishers by Data policy standardisation and implementation Interest Group (IG) of the Research Data Alliance (RDA)(6), Journal Research Data Policy Model Framework by The Journal Research Data (JoRD) Project, funded by JISC (Joint Information Systems Committee)(2). These guidelines identify the key elements of a good data policy such as data citation, data repositories, data availability statements, data standards and formats, and peer review of research data. Although all of them attempt to establish standard features, they provide flexibility for adoption depending on disciplinary variation. In order to find out if Croatian journals are implementing and promoting data sharing policies, the analysis of data policies of Croatian journals was conducted. Preliminary results, based on a sample of editorial documents, show that around 15% of journals mention research data in their policy and guidance documents, whether the statement expresses only the general principle of research transparency or the statement is a requirement. Journals that explicitly mention data access and retention are usually referring to the outdated ALPSP-STM Statement on data and databases. Conclusion Data sharing is encouraged in contemporary research environment. Journals in the stage of planning to implement research data policy might find it very useful to consult existing guidelines and follow examples of good practice presented in this work. Some Croatian journals started to adopt basic data sharing policies and transparency principles, but often it is not clear how and if the existing policies are enforced

Impact of the WTO’s general agreement on trade in services on public libraries

Posljednjih godina knjižničarska zajednica s velikim zanimanjem i zabrinutošću prati rad Svjetske trgovinske organizacije i pregovore o Općem sporazumu o trgovini uslugama. U radu su prikazana pitanja vezana uz taj sporazum, važna za knjižničare i o kojima trebaju u budućnosti voditi brigu – definicija, obuhvat i klasifikacija usluga. Ukazuje se i na nedovoljnu transparentnost rada Svjetske trgovinske organizacije i pregovora vezanih uz Opći sporazum o trgovini uslugama.In the last few years, the library community has been following the work of World’s Trade Organization (WTO) and its General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) with the great interest and concern. The paper presents questions related to GATS that are of special interest to the librarians and that they should pay good attention to in the future: definiton of services excluded from GATS, range and classification of services, and unadequate trancparancy of WTO negotiation processes concerning the GATS

Historical Landscape of the Barbat Area on the Island of Rab, Croatia

Rad donosi pregled razvoja povijesnog krajolika središnjeg dijela otoka Raba (područja Mundanija, Barbata i Banjola) od perioda antike do razdoblja kasne romanike. Promjene u povijesnom pejzažu otoka uvjetovane su nizom čimbenika koje rad predstavlja: geografskim karakteristikama terena, lokalnim životnim praksama, odnosom urbanog središta Raba s ruralnom okolinom te društvenim, političkim i umjetničkim kretanjima na području otoka Raba i šireg geopolitičkog područja (od Kvarnera do cijelog Jadrana, pa i šire). Na temelju rezultata dobivenih rekognosciranjem terena,analizom spomenika, proučavanjem literature i povijesnih izvora, cilj je rada predstaviti korpus spomenika navedenog područja, dati uvid u njihovo funkcioniranje u povijesnom pejzažu otoka Raba te pružiti neka razmatranja o okolnostima uslijed kojih su nastali i živjeli. Rad nastoji objediniti dva pristupa: ilustrirati lokalni kontekst istražene spomeničke baštine, odnosno njenu ulogu za rapsku povijest, kulturu i društvo, kao i značaj u okviru širih europskih kretanja. Trend intenzivne gradnje koji ugrožava preostalu spomeničku baštinu potencira nužnost njene revalorizacije u suvremenom društvu kako njeno postojanje ne bi bilo zauvijek izbrisano iz povijesnog otočnog krajolika, ali i naše svijesti.This paper presents the changes and the development of the historic landscape of the central part of Rab island in the Kvarner bay, Croatia (specifically Mundanije, Barbat and Banjol areas)from Antiquity to the late Romanesque period. Changes in the landscape have been influenced by numerous factors: geographical characteristics of terrain, local customs and traditions, the relation between a single urban centre and the rural scenery as well as other social, political and artistic trends on the island and beyond. The results of field surveys, the analysis of the historical monuments and the use of scientific literature and historical sources have been used in order to present a corpus of the monuments of the aforementioned area, along with an insight into their functioning in the historic landscape of the island. The paper aims to unite two different, yet complementary approaches: an effort is made in order to illustrate both local historical, cultural and social context of the monuments and their importance in the wider european context. The latest intensive construction on the island that threatens the heritage emphasizes the necessity of its revalorization in modern society in such a way it would be preserved both in Rab's landscape and in our collective conciousness

The role of fungi and fungus-like organisms in dieback of narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) in Posavina lowland forests of the Republic of Croatia

Poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), gospodarski i ekološki vrlo značajna vrsta nizinskih šuma Hrvatske, posljednjih nekoliko godina pokazuje sve izraženije simptome odumiranja. Iako je na nekoliko lokacija u Republici Hrvatskoj u krošnjama osutih stabala utvrđena patogena gljiva Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya, još uvijek nije potvrđena kao primarni uzročnik odumiranja poljskoga jasena u nizinskim šumama već se smatra samo jednim od više različitih biotičkih i abiotičkih čimbenika koji sudjeluju u navedenom procesu. Svrha ovog istraživanja je bila ispitati ulogu ostalih gljiva te gljivama sličnih organizama u okolnom tlu te na korijenovom sustavu i donjem dijelu debla stabala poljskoga jasena kako bi se uz prijašnja istraživanja koja su se uglavnom odnosila na krošnju, dobio sveobuhvatan uvid u ulogu navedenih skupina organizama u odumiranju. Istraživanje je provedeno u prirodnim sastojinama sa simptomima odumiranja na tri različite lokacije, pri čemu su uzimani uzorci okolnog tla, korijena te donjeg dijela debla na ukupno 90 stabala svrstanih prema osutosti krošnje u tri kategorije zdravstvenog stanja. Iz navedenih su uzoraka izolirani miceliji gljiva i njima sličnih organizama koji su potom identificirani molekularnim metodama. U istraživanju je dobiveno ukupno 1497 izolata gljiva i njima sličnih organizama koji su molekularnim II analizama svrstani u 80 taksona, te prema načinu života i ishrane kategorizirani kao saprotrofi, endofiti i paraziti. Utvrđena distribucija identificiranih taksona s obzirom na različite kategorije uzorka, kategorije zdravstvenog stanja stabala te geografske lokacije uzorkovanja je pokazala specijalizaciju samo za određeni tip biljnog tkiva i supstrata. Izračunata je raznolikost (bogatstvo) vrsta pomoću Shannonovog indeksa raznolikosti te indeksa ujednačenosti, čije se vrijednosti nisu statistički značajno mijenjale za zajednice na stablima različitog zdravstvenog stanja. Statističkim je analizama utvrđeno kako je većina identificiranih taksona (77) jednako distribuirana na stablima različitog zdravstvenog stanja, dok je manji broj onih (69) koji su jednako distribuirani na različitim geografskim lokacijama uzorkovanja. Od značajnijih biotičkih čimbenika koji sudjeluju u odumiranju poljskoga jasena su na korijenu i bazi debla stabala utvrđene vrste Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Armillaria spp., Ganoderma adspersum, Fusarium solani i Diaporthe cotoneastri. U tlu odumirućih sastojina nije potvrđena prisutnost patogenih vrsta roda Phytophthora. S obzirom na statistički značajnu povezanost razvoja nekroza na deblu i korijenu te osutosti krošnje, navedeni se parametar pokazao dobrim pokazateljem zdravstvenog stanja stabala.Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), ecologically and economically very important species in lowland forests of the Republic of Croatia, has been showing more prominent symptoms of dieback. According to the crown defoliation monitoring data as a part of the ICP Forests program, narrow-leaved ash is currently the most damaged forest tree species in the Republic of Croatia, with more than 70% of trees with significantly defoliated crown in 2016. Although has the pathogenic fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz & Hosoya been determined in the crowns of diseased trees in several locations, it has still not been confirmed as the primary cause of narrow-leaved ash dieback in the lowland forests and it is rather considered to be one of the multiple factors affecting the process. Goal of this research was to investigate the role of other fungi and fungus-like organisms present in the adjacent soil, tree roots and stem collars in the decline of this tree species. IV Research has been conducted at three different locations in the natural stands affected by dieback during the growth period in 2016. Trees were categorized according to the crown defoliation in three different categories of health condition: 1) healthy - with crown defoliation < 25%; 2) with impaired health status - crown defoliation 26-60%; 3) declining - crown defoliation 61-99%. From total of 90 trees, 30 in each health category, samples of adjacent soil, root and stem collar were taken for the isolation of fungi and fungus-like organisms using conventional plating on artificial media method for the plant tissue and three different methods for the soil (soil dilution plate, soil plate and soil baiting method). Isolated mycelia were sorted into morphotypes according to their morphological characteristics. From each morphotype one to four representative isolates were chosen for the molecular identification of the species. In the second part of the research, 30 extra soil samples were taken from the vicinity of the part of already examined trees in order to detect the presence of pathogenic Phytophthora species using the soil baiting method and molecular methods for the species identification. All of the soil samples, 86% of root and 85% of stem samples gave fungal growth. In average, three or four different taxa were found per tree, depending on the type of the sample. Research has resulted with total of 1497 isolates sorted into 80 taxa, of which 59 were identified to the species level. Identified taxa were categorized according to their known ecology noted in the various literature into endophytes, saprotrophs and parasites. Most of the taxa were found in just one sample type, indicating their specialization for different substrates. In contrast, most of the taxa were identified in all three health categories and sampling locations. Species diversity in different sample types, shown by Shannon diversity and Evenness indices, did not significantly differ among different health categories in observed locations. For the most taxa, there was no statistically significant difference in their distribution in different health categories. Analysis of taxa distribution among different sampling locations revealed significant difference for 11 taxa, three on stems, six on roots and two in soil, which can indicate different habitat conditions or temporal phases of the dieback process in the observed localities. In order to evaluate does crown defoliation reflect the health status of tree roots and V stems, connection between health category and presence of necroses in plant tissue was tested and the results justified its use for this purposes. Results of the second part of the research did not confirm the presence of pathogenic Phytophthora species in soils of declining stands, excluding them so far as the contributing factor to the decline. Results of this research point out several conclusions. There is high abundance and diversity of taxa of fungi and fungus-like organisms in the soil, tree roots and tree stems in the declining narrow-leaved ash stands, where number of them are officially reported for the first time in the Republic of Croatia, and some of them could be completely new to science since they were not identified to the species level. In general, approximately equal numbers of isolates appointed to endophytes, saprotrophs and parasites are present in soil and trees. Communities of fungi and fungus-like organisms differ more among different sample types, since larger number of taxa seems to be specialized for specific substrate, whereas community compositions in different health categories and sampling localities are relatively similar. The fact that there was no significant difference in distribution of the most taxa in different health categories indicates that taxa present in healthy tissues tend to be primary colonizers of the tissue of impaired health due to some other factors. Although some of the taxa can be considered as opportunistic pathogens based on their equal frequency in tissues of different health categories and assertions found in literature, this assumptions have to be further investigated in order to confirm them. Among the identified taxa, ones with the most prominent role in the narrow-leaved ash decline in the roots and stems of the trees are considered to be Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, Armillaria spp., Ganoderma adspersum, Fusarium solani and Diaporthe cotoneastri