Development of Airport-Related Zones (The Construction of The Airport City) as An Element of The Interdependent Development of Airports, Agglomerations and Regions â GdaÅsk Airport Case Study

This paper presents the most important issues and premises for the targeted development of airport-related areas, with particular emphasis on the planned implementation of a so-called airport city in the immediate vicinity of an airport. The investigation sought to answer questions about how airports perform city- and region-forming functions, to systematize the existing concepts of the implementation of airport cities based on the relevant literature, and to present the principles of proper design of airport-related zones. Key premises for the development of airport cities and benefits for their users are also discussed. Detailed considerations about Gdańsk Airport provide an example of the application of a qualitative method in an individual case, confirmed by observation and in-depth interviews. The adopted structure of the study and the research methodology were based mainly on literature studies and a critical review of the literature as well as on face-to-face interviews, on-site observation and analysis of feedback between the airport and the spatial development of the airport zone. The conclusion indicates development directions for airport zones depending on the location, characteristics and potential development of the airport itself and the region it is located in.The case study of Gdańsk Airport and the development of its airport-related zone show a clear trend in the application of the airport city model implemented at other airports in the world, taking into account good practices and the principles of the proper design of existing airport cities/aerotropolises.Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan isu-isu dan lokasi yang paling penting untuk pengembangan yang ditargetkan di sekitar bandara dengan penekanan khusus pada implementasi dari apa yang direncanakan sebagai kota bandara. Studi ini menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang bagaimana bandara berfungsi sebagai pembentuk perkembangan kota dan wilayah, sistematisasi konsep implementasi kota bandara berdasarkan literatur yang relevan, dan menyajikan prinsip-prinsip desain yang tepat pada zona-zona yang terkait bandara. Makalah ini juga membahas tempat-tempat utama untuk pengembangan kota bandara dan manfaat bagi penggunanya. Pertimbangan terperinci tentang Bandara Gdańsk sebagai kasus adalah contoh penerapan metode kualitatif, yang dikonfirmasi melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Struktur penelitian yang diadopsi dan metodologi penelitian didasarkan terutama pada studi literatur dan tinjauan kritisnya, wawancara tatap muka, observasi lokasi dan analisis umpan balik antara bandara dan pengembangan spasial zona bandara. Kesimpulan menunjukkan arah pengembangan untuk zona bandara tergantung pada lokasi, karakteristik dan potensi pengembangan bandara itu sendiri dan di wilayah mana bandara tersebut berada. Studi kasus Bandara Gdańsk dan pengembangan zona terkait bandara menunjukkan tren yang jelas dalam penerapan model kota bandara yang diterapkan di bandara-bandara lain di dunia, dengan mempertimbangkan praktik-praktik yang baik dan prinsip-prinsip desain yang tepat saat ini dari kota bandara/aerotropolis..Kata kunci: kota bandara, pengembangan spasial, infrastruktur transportasi, area terkait bandara, pengembangan regional

Development of Airport-Related Zones (The Construction of The Airport City) as An Element of The Interdependent Development of Airports, Agglomerations and Regions â GdaÅsk Airport Case Study

This paper presents the most important issues and premises for the targeted development of airport-related areas, with particular emphasis on the planned implementation of a so-called airport city in the immediate vicinity of an airport. The investigation sought to answer questions about how airports perform city- and region-forming functions, to systematize the existing concepts of the implementation of airport cities based on the relevant literature, and to present the principles of proper design of airport-related zones. Key premises for the development of airport cities and benefits for their users are also discussed. Detailed considerations about Gdańsk Airport provide an example of the application of a qualitative method in an individual case, confirmed by observation and in-depth interviews. The adopted structure of the study and the research methodology were based mainly on literature studies and a critical review of the literature as well as on face-to-face interviews, on-site observation and analysis of feedback between the airport and the spatial development of the airport zone. The conclusion indicates development directions for airport zones depending on the location, characteristics and potential development of the airport itself and the region it is located in.The case study of Gdańsk Airport and the development of its airport-related zone show a clear trend in the application of the airport city model implemented at other airports in the world, taking into account good practices and the principles of the proper design of existing airport cities/aerotropolises.Abstrak. Makalah ini menyajikan isu-isu dan lokasi yang paling penting untuk pengembangan yang ditargetkan di sekitar bandara dengan penekanan khusus pada implementasi dari apa yang direncanakan sebagai kota bandara. Studi ini menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tentang bagaimana bandara berfungsi sebagai pembentuk perkembangan kota dan wilayah, sistematisasi konsep implementasi kota bandara berdasarkan literatur yang relevan, dan menyajikan prinsip-prinsip desain yang tepat pada zona-zona yang terkait bandara. Makalah ini juga membahas tempat-tempat utama untuk pengembangan kota bandara dan manfaat bagi penggunanya. Pertimbangan terperinci tentang Bandara Gdańsk sebagai kasus adalah contoh penerapan metode kualitatif, yang dikonfirmasi melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Struktur penelitian yang diadopsi dan metodologi penelitian didasarkan terutama pada studi literatur dan tinjauan kritisnya, wawancara tatap muka, observasi lokasi dan analisis umpan balik antara bandara dan pengembangan spasial zona bandara. Kesimpulan menunjukkan arah pengembangan untuk zona bandara tergantung pada lokasi, karakteristik dan potensi pengembangan bandara itu sendiri dan di wilayah mana bandara tersebut berada. Studi kasus Bandara Gdańsk dan pengembangan zona terkait bandara menunjukkan tren yang jelas dalam penerapan model kota bandara yang diterapkan di bandara-bandara lain di dunia, dengan mempertimbangkan praktik-praktik yang baik dan prinsip-prinsip desain yang tepat saat ini dari kota bandara/aerotropolis..Kata kunci: kota bandara, pengembangan spasial, infrastruktur transportasi, area terkait bandara, pengembangan regional

Cechy semantyczne jednostek o postaci "ktoś naprawił coś"

The aim of this article is to describe to use perfective form of the Polish verb naprawić and to show semantic features of this verb. The author confines analysis to the analyses two units of language ktoś naprawił coś with different right arguments. He formulates several properties to be assigned to it.As a results of the semantic analyse the author shows difference between two units of language ktoś naprawił coś and proposes to distinguish elements of meanings of these units of language. Elements are primes and universals in the main.The aim of this article is to describe to use perfective form of the Polish verb naprawić and to show semantic features of this verb. The author confines analysis to the analyses two units of language ktoś naprawił coś with different right arguments. He formulates several properties to be assigned to it.As a results of the semantic analyse the author shows difference between two units of language ktoś naprawił coś and proposes to distinguish elements of meanings of these units of language. Elements are primes and universals in the main

The biomechanical determinants of sports related groin pain in athletes.

PhDIntroduction Sports related groin pain (SRGP) is common, debilitating and often recurrent. Rehabilitation that addresses strength and flexibility deficits has only moderate effects. Recurrence of SRGP remains high, suggesting that deficits remain after apparently successful rehabilitation. The aims of this thesis were to inform best practice by (i) systematically reviewing the literature on biomechanical factors associated with SRGP (ii) investigating muscle activation and movement patterns associated with SRGP in both professional and amateur athletes; (iii) investigating muscle activation and movement patterns immediately after groin injury alongside their response to standard rehabilitation. Methods A systematic review with meta-analysis was completed. 84 athletes from four sports (56 professional and 28 amateur) were recruited and clinically assessed. Hip joint kinematics and surface electromyography of gluteus medius (GM) and adductor longus (AL) muscles were measured while performing selected manoeuvres. A further 5 athletes had serial measures during traditional rehabilitation from acute injury. Results The review found strong evidence for decreased adductor flexibility as a risk factor; and decreased adductor strength and external rotation range of movement being associated with SRGP. The GM:AL ratio in injured professionals was increased due to reduced AL activation, a decreased GM:AL ratio was found in amateurs due to a decrease of GM activation. In injured professionals hip kinematic change matched the sEMG findings (increased abduction), whereas no consistent pattern was observed in amateurs. Longitudinal study participants 7 improved clinically after groin injury, but the muscle activation and movement patterns did not alter. Conclusion These studies identified clear muscle activation differences that extend existing the literature while the kinematic changes are novel. Further, participation level and sports-specific subgroups had not previously been identified but are clearly evident. Published guidelines require amendment, while clinical innovation that addresses sub-group specific biomechanical factors in rehabilitation programmes may inform prevention, improve outcome and certainly warrant further research

LOGISTYCZNE ASPEKTY KONCEPCJI SMART CITY. STUDIUM PRZYPADKU NA PODSTAWIE MIAST EUROPEJSKICH

The number of urban residents is growing by nearly 60 million people every year. It is estimated that by the year 2050 2/3 of the world population will have been urban. The increasing urbanisation requires new and innovative ways to manage the complexity of urban living and to target problems of energy consumption, resource management and environmental protection. These problems are essential for city logistics. The field concerning coordination and synchronization of the flows within the urban areas is gaining strategic importance. Activities in European cities that are going to improve city logistics are included as a part for the smart city idea. Scope: At the beginning, this paper will introduce the background of the smart city concept, as well as its meaning in the logistics-related aspects of city management. Then, through the case study, it will present solutions that make European cities smart. Moreover, using the background of the significance of the concept of a smart city and its applications in the European reality, the author will analyze the possibilitiesof four Polish cities (Rzeszow, Gdansk, Cracow and Bialystok – recognised as the smartest Polish cities) for approaching the smart city concept standards in the European dimension. Methodology: The methodology of the paper is based on two dimensions: analysis and synthesis. The first phase included a thorough thematic literature review, an analysis of case studies of European and Polish smartcities. It was complemented by interviewing city board representatives of the examined Polish cities. In the synthetic phase, the study provided conclusions based on the theoretical analysis and the survey of the case study.  Liczba ludności w miastach na świecie rośnie o prawie 60 mln rocznie. Szacuje się, że do 2050 r. 2/3 ludności świata będzie mieszkać w miastach. Nadmierna urbanizacja i rosnąca liczba ludności w miastach stanowią poważne wyzwanie dla zarządzania miastem, a w szczególności dla logistyki miejskiej. Dziedzina ta, sprowadzająca się do koordynacji i synchronizacji przepływów na obszarach zurbanizowanych, zyskuje na znaczeniu w ujęciu strategicznym. Działania prowadzone w miastach europejskich, mające na celu usprawnienie logistyki miejskiej, postrzegane są jako element programu na rzecz inteligentnych miast (smart cities). Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji smart city oraz jej znaczenia w kontekście logistycznego zarządzania miastem. Następnie, poprzez case study, zaprezentowanie przykładów rozwiązań z zakresu smart city stosowanych w miastach europejskich. Na bazie rozwiązań europejskich w artykule przeanalizowane zostaną możliwości czterech miast polskich w zakresie adaptowania rozwiązań smart city na swoich obszarach. Przedstawione w artykule wnioski sformułowano na podstawie dwóch faz badawczych – analityczneji syntetycznej. Pierwsza zawiera przegląd literatury oraz analizę przypadków rozwiązań smart city pochodzących z miast europejskich. Wykorzystano w niej dane z dokumentów strategicznych Komisji Europejskiej. Na podstawie obserwacji dobrych praktyk w ramach rozwiązań smart cities stosowanych w miastach europejskich przeprowadzono badania metodą wywiadów pogłębionych z zarządzającymi polskimi miastami, odnosząc się do potencjalnych rozwiązań smart city możliwych do zastosowania w czterech polskich miastach.W fazie syntetycznej badań na bazie analiz teoretycznych oraz case study wyciągnięto wnioski końcowe. &nbsp

The impact of COVID 19 on the aviation fuel supply chain in the face of changes in air traffic service : case study of one of the Polish airports

PURPOSE: Establishing the relationship between the decrease in air traffic and the volume of aviation fuel supplies in the context of Covid-19 pandemic.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: To establish the relationship between the number of flight operations and the volume of fuel delivered to an airport, the best method is to determine the Pearson coefficient. The use of this coefficient is the most appropriate choice, as the correlation (interdependence of features) concerns the mutual relations between the number of air operations and the volume of aviation fuel deliveries to the airport [l]. Moreover, by analyzing the relationship between these variables by the correlation method, we obtain data in relation to the direction (trend) and the strength of the linear relationship, the impact of air traffic on fuel supplies to aircraft performing air operations.FINDINGS: The analysis of the data presented in the paper shows an increase in the strength of the relationship between the number of air operations performed and the volume of fuel deliveries in the pandemic period, compared to the period before the pandemic.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The presented solutions may contribute to the optimization of fuel supply chain management in the aviation sector.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The originality of the text is related to the innovative application of correlation analysis to optimize the management of fuel supply chains.peer-reviewe

Inteligentny i zrównoważony rozwój transportu jako element realizacji założeń koncepcji smart city – przykłady polskie i europejskie

The smart cities is one of the most promising conceptions of the future, which concerns urban development and local economy. It is the idea that urban settlements should be managed in an environmentally-friendly, modern, economical and effective way. The development of innovativetechnologies, especially ICT, allows for a significant increase in the functionality of cities. It is necessary to integrate modern technological solutions with the already existing infrastructure as well as that being modernized. The idea of smart cities essentially aims to improve activities undertaken in the spheres such as: citizens, governance, energy, buildings, transport, infrastructure, communications and health. According to experts, it is smart transportation that is vital to improving the quality of life of inhabitants. The article presents the conception of smart cities with a focus on issues related to sustainable and modern transport within a smart city. The analysis includes possibilities of using smart solutions, types of such solutions in transport and their benefits for residents, entrepreneurs, tourists and authorities. The authors review experiences and solutions of the conception in the field of transport adopted in selected European cities. Furthermore intelligent transport solutions in Poland are presented. The purpose of the article is to present the idea of smart cities (in terms of intelligent and sustainable transport) pointing to examples of solutions applied in European cities and selected centers in Poland. In this paper, the literature on smart cities as well as reports and rankings of smart cities in Europe were analyzed. Additionally, the websites of the entities (cities) surveyed and current examples from professional magazines were very valuable sources of information.Koncepcja smart cities (tzw. inteligentne miasta) to jedna z najbardziej obiecujących koncepcji przyszłości dotycząca rozwoju miast i lokalnej gospodarki. To idea nastawiona na to, by ośrodki miejskie były zarządzanew sposób ekologiczny, nowoczesny, oszczędny i efektywny. Rozwój innowacyjnych technologii, przede wszystkim informatycznychi komunikacyjnych, pozwala na znaczne podniesienie funkcjonalności miast. Konieczna jest integracja nowoczesnych rozwiązań technicznych z istniejącą już i modernizowaną infrastrukturą. Idea inteligentnego miasta ma na celu przede wszystkim poprawę działań w kategoriach: obywatele, urząd, energia, budynki, transport, infrastruktura, łączność oraz zdrowie. Zdaniem ekspertów w dziedzinie inteligentnych miast to właśnie inteligentny transport ma kluczowe znaczenie dla poprawy jakości życia mieszkańców. W artykule zostanie zaprezentowana koncepcja smart city ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zagadnień dotyczących zrównoważonego i nowoczesnego transportu w ramach inteligentnego miasta. Analizie zostaną poddane możliwości zastosowania inteligentnych rozwiązań, rodzaje tych rozwiązań w zakresie transportu, a także korzyści wynikające z ich zastosowania zarówno dla mieszkańców, przedsiębiorców, turystów, jak i władz. Autorzy dokonają przeglądu doświadczeń i rozwiązań idei smart w zakresie transportu przyjętych w wybranych miastach Europy, a także przedstawią inteligentne rozwiązania transportowe w Polsce. Przy tworzeniu niniejszego opracowania dokonano analizy literatury dotyczącej zagadnień inteligentnych miast, a także raportów i rankingów smart cities w Europie. Cennym źródłem okazały się informacje zawarte na stronach internetowych badanych jednostek (miast) oraz aktualne przykłady z czasopism branżowych

The Collagen Chaperone HSP47 Is a New Interactor of APP that Affects the Levels of Extracellular Beta-Amyloid Peptides

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive decline of cognitive function that represents one of the most dramatic medical challenges for the aging population. Aβ peptides, generated by processing of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), are thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the network of physical and functional interactions that may affect their production and deposition is still poorly understood. The use of a bioinformatic approach based on human/mouse conserved coexpression allowed us to identify a group of genes that display an expression profile strongly correlated with APP. Among the most prominent candidates, we investigated whether the collagen chaperone HSP47 could be functionally correlated with APP. We found that HSP47 accumulates in amyloid deposits of two different mouse models and of some AD patients, is capable to physically interact with APP and can be relocalized by APP overexpression. Notably, we found that it is possible to reduce the levels of secreted Aβ peptides by reducing the expression of HSP47 or by interfering with its activity via chemical inhibitors. Our data unveil HSP47 as a new functional interactor of APP and imply it as a potential target for preventing the formation and/or growth amyloid plaques