Thumb Sticks and Hand Grenades : An Analysis of War and Perspectives in Video Games

Throughout Thumb Sticks and Hand Grenades, I seek to examine the role American Exceptionalism plays within the player’s perspective of war narratives in Halo: Combat Evolved, Halo 2, Wolfenstein: The New Order, and Wolfenstein: The New Colossus. Using a theoretical lens I call ludo-narrative war theory, I am able to fully understand the above-listed games’ narrative, player perspectives, and positions in relationship to the wider war narrative and how the games reflect a wider understanding of war, American Exceptionalism, and societal issues prevalent in the analog world. When these facets of the games are analyzed I am able to show that they exist as cultural artifacts that exhibit the fears, societal shortcomings, and issues of the cultures in which they were created. With Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2 this analysis shows the issues that are inherent in blindly drawing lines between who is friend and foe, and it shows the issues that arise when American Exceptionalism gets in the way of allowing those othered to step in and help in times of war. Moreover, in Wolfenstein: The New Order and The New Colossus this analysis shows that the rise and fall of American Exceptionalism coincides with a blinded view of who the American Dream is truly created for, and that Exceptionalism can only be regained through a changing of that Dream on every level of society. By analyzing these four games together I show a common thread among video games as cultural artifacts, in that they show players the state of the world in which they live and what transformations must be made to reverse the cultural slopes they depict. Ultimately, Halo and Wolfenstein provide examples of the cautionary tales the war narratives provide in video games, and what follows are analyses of those narratives and player perspectives in video games

Uji efek antiinflamasi kombinasi astaxanthin dan ekstrak etanol 70% daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap hitung jenis neutrophil pada tikus putih galur wistar yang diberikan karagenin

Tujuan: Mengetahui efek antiinflamasi dan dosis efektif kombinasi astaxanthin dan ekstrak daun sirsak terhadap hitung jenis neutrofil pada tikus putih galur wistar yang diberikan karagenin. Metode: Desain penelitian ini merupakan true experimental  dengan complete randomized design. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1 diberikan kombinasi astaxanthin 0,108 mg/hari dan ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kgBB; kelompok 2 diberikan kombinasi astaxanthin 0,216 mg/hari dan ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kgBB; kelompok 3 diberikan kombinasi astaxanthin 0,432 mg/hari dan ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kgBB; kelompok 4 atau kontrol negatif diberikan CMC 0,5 mg/kgBB; dan kelompok 5 atau kontrol positif diberikan celecoxib 18 mg/kgBB; Hasil: Pada kelompok dosis 1, dosis 2 dan dosis 3 terjadi penurunan hitung jenis neutrofil yang signifikan (LSD <0,05) pada jam ke-8 dan jam ke-12 jika dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif; Kesimpulan: Kombinasi astaxanthin dan ekstrak daun sirsak memiliki efek antiinflamasi yang ditandai dengan penurunan rerata hitung jenis neutrofil. Dosis efektif terdapat pada kombinasi astaxanthin 0,108 mg/hari dan ekstrak daun sirsak 400 mg/kgBB.Kata kunci: Inflamasi; astaxanthin; ekstrak daun sirsak; neutrofi

Real-time Spectroscopic Analysis of Microalgal Adaptation to Changing Environmental Conditions

Increases in anthropogenic pollution are causing many environmental problems; understanding their impact on the environment has become an important issue. Industrialization and the burning of fossil fuels have caused increased levels of carbon dioxide to enter the atmosphere, which is contributing to global warming and ocean acidification. Agricultural runoff has caused levels of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus to rise, where they have been noted to cause harmful algal blooms. Marine ecosystems have been particularly affected as both of these forms of pollution accumulate in bodies of water. Microalgae are important organisms in these ecosystems because they sequester these pollutants and convert them into biomass. Because the chemical composition of microalgae’s biomass depends on the nutrient availability in their environment, further use of microalgae as an in situ indicator of environmental conditions is investigated. The objective of this thesis is to determine how microalgae samples respond in real time to changes in the nutrient availability of their environment. To accomplish this, a novel sensing technique was developed that allowed spectroscopic analysis of live microalgae samples. FTIR spectroscopy in ATR mode was used to repeatedly monitor cells at two distinct carbon dioxide concentrations, standard and elevated, over a twelve hour time period. The change in absorbance over time was modeled nonlinearly to gain information about how the chemical composition of microalgae adapted to higher levels of carbon dioxide. This innovative hard-modeling of changing spectroscopic time series demonstrated the ability to yield interpretable chemical information about the adaptation of microalgae to an altered environment

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PEMBERIAN JAMINAN KESEHATAN ACEH (JKA) DI BADAN LAYANAN UMUM DAERAH (BLUD) RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH (RSUD) DR. ZAINOEL ABIDIN PEMERINTAH ACEH TAHUN 2012

Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh mulai 01 Juni 2010 untuk mewujudkan jaminan kesehatan bagi seluruh rakyat Aceh tanpa membedakan status sosial, ekonomi, agama, jenis kelamin dan usia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi masyarakat terhadap kebijakan pemerintah dalam pemberian jaminan kesehatan Aceh di Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Pemerintah Aceh tahun 2012. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Semua pasien yang datang berobat menggunakan layanan Jaminan Kesehatan Aaceh di Poliklinik Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Pemerintah Aceh periode Juni-Juli 2012 sengan sampel 110 orang diambil secara probability sampling dengan metode acak sederhana atau simple random sampling dan menggunakan bantuan enumerator. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan Persepsi masyarakat terhadap kebijakan pemerintah dalam pemberian Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh di Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Pemerintah Aceh adalah baik dimana salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh sosialisasi tentang Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh di Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah dr. Zainoel Abidin Pemerintah Aceh tertata dengan baik dimana terdapat petunjuk-petunjuk tentang Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh. Persepsi masyarakat yang baik terhadap kebijakan Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh juga didukung oleh pengetahuan masyarakat yang baik (60%), sikap masyarakat yang baik (63,6%), keyakinan masyarakat yang baik (60,9%), fasilitas yang baik (59,1%) dan sikap petugas kesehatan yang baik (59,1%).Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Kebijakan, Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh

A case study on developing a teacher\u27s capacity in mathematical modelling

Research has indicated that for teachers to facilitate mathematical modelling activities in the mathematics classroom, they need to be familiar with the process of mathematical modelling. As such, it is imperative that teachers experience the whole mathematical modelling process. This paper reports on a Multi-tiered Teaching Experiment designed to help a teacher develop his capacity in the domain of mathematical modelling. Drawing on part of a larger case-based study conducted using Design Research phases situated within the Multi-tiered Teaching Experiment framework, the purpose of this paper is to exemplify how the research design fostered growth in teacher capacity through the natural development of critical moments of learning by the teacher during interactions between the researchers and the teacher-modeller himself. The potential of the Multi-tiered Teaching Experiment as a useful non-prescriptive teacher development approach building upon the existing repertoire of individual teachers will be discussed

HUBUNGAN INTENSITAS KEBISINGAN DENGAN GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN PADA PEKERJA KILANG PENGGILINGAN PADI DI KECAMATAN DARUSSALAM ACEH BESAR

Gangguan pendengaran akibat bising (NIHL) adalah gangguan pendengaran akibat terpapar oleh bising yang cukup keras dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama dan salah satu penyebab gangguan pendengaran adalah lingkungan kerja. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara intensitas bising, masa kerja, lama paparan dan usia terhadap terjadinya gangguan pendengaran akibat bising. Jenis dan rancangan yang digunakan adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara total sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 7 (tujuh) kilang penggilingan padi yang ada di Kecamatan Darussalam, Aceh Besar pada periode Maret sampai April 2012 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 29 orang pekerja. Intensitas bising diukur dengan Sound Level Meter dan gangguan pendengaran diukur dengan audiometri nada murni. Masa kerja, lama paparan bising dan usia diperoleh dari hasil wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Fisher dan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 17 orang (58,6%) positif mengalami gangguan pendengaran dan 12 orang (41,4%) normal. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas bising (p=0,021), masa kerja (p=0,001), lama paparan (p=0,026) dan usia (p=0,000) terhadap gangguan pendengaran akibat bising. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan antara intensitas bising, masa kerja, lama paparan bising dan usia terhadap terjadinya gangguan pendengaran akibat bising (

Time management on task completion of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) students of ECT Excellencia Global Academy Foundation, Inc.

Time management is a collection of skills that you may use to make the most of your time and enhance your quality of life. Most commonly, students would find meaning, accomplishment, and even fulfillment once achieved the objectives that they set. This is possible because they wisely manage their time. Henceforth, this research study will shed light a report on the concept of time management that significantly affects towards the STEM students’ of ECT Excellencia Global Academy Foundation, Inc. (EEGAFI) on their potentiality to complete their tasks on time. To determine the limitations of students’ time management, hypotheses were developed along with the problems and objectives of this study. The respondents of this study were from the students of STEM 11 of EEGAFI. 150 respondents were randomly selected and these students were those who volunteered to participate in the surveys were picked at random from the group. The researchers gave the predetermined questionnaires to the respondents in this research study with the primary goal of collecting data for statistical analysis. The findings showed that time management behaviors such as procrastination, prioritizing, and planning had a significant impact on the task completion&nbsp;of the students. When doing task completion, it is advised that students pay close attention to the passing of time. Efforts to ensure strong academic success. Given that procrastination, when compared to other factors, significantly affects academic achievement, the results show that students need work very hard to finish their projects as well as completing all other academic tasks on time to avoid missing deadlines

Moderate Alcohol Use and Mortality from Ischaemic Heart Disease: A Prospective Study in Older Chinese People

Abstract Background: Moderate alcohol use is generally associated with lower ischaemic heart disease (IHD) mortality but it is difficult to ascertain whether this is due to attributes of moderate alcohol users or the properties of alcohol itself. Evidence from populations with different patterns of alcohol use and IHD can provide crucial evidence. We assessed the association of moderate alcohol use with IHD mortality in older Chinese people from Hong Kong. Methodology We used Cox regression to determine whether moderate alcohol use was associated with IHD mortality in a prospective, population-based cohort study of all 56167 attendees, aged 65 years or over, from July 1998 to December 2000 at all 18 Elderly Health Centers operated by the Department of Health in Hong Kong. Principal Findings After a median follow-up of 4.2 years, there were 406 (188 in men, 218 in women) deaths from IHD in 54,090 subjects (96.3% successful follow-up). Moderate alcohol use in men was not associated with IHD mortality adjusted only for age [Hazard Ratio, HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.84) compared with never drinkers] or additionally adjusted for socioeconomic status and lifestyle. Almost all women were occasional drinkers and their current alcohol use was not significantly associated with IHD mortality [HR 0.88, (95% CI 0.51 to 1.53)]. Conclusions Moderate alcohol use had no effect on IHD mortality in older Chinese men. Lack of replication of the usual protective effect of moderate alcohol use in a setting with a different pattern of alcohol use and IHD could be due to chance or could suggest that the protective effect of alcohol on IHD does not extend to all populations

Prostate functional magnetic resonance image analysis using multivariate curve resolution methods

This paper discusses the potential of Multivariate Curve Resolution (MCR) models to extract physiological dynamics behaviors from Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance (DCE-MR) Imaging prostate perfusion studies for cancer diagnosis. A relationship with biomarkers ( hidden parameters for assessing the possible existence of a tumor) from pharmacokinetic models is also studied.This research work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the project DPI2011-28112-C04-02.Prats-Montalbán, JM.; Sanz Requena, R.; Marti Bonmati, L.; Ferrer, A. (2014). Prostate functional magnetic resonance image analysis using multivariate curve resolution methods. Journal of Chemometrics. 28(8):672-680. https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.2585S672680288Collins, D. J., & Padhani, A. R. (2004). Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of tumor perfusion. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, 23(5), 65-83. doi:10.1109/memb.2004.1360410JACKSON, A. S. N., REINSBERG, S. A., SOHAIB, S. A., CHARLES-EDWARDS, E. M., JHAVAR, S., CHRISTMAS, T. J., … DEARNALEY, D. P. (2009). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for prostate cancer localization. The British Journal of Radiology, 82(974), 148-156. doi:10.1259/bjr/89518905Leach, M. O., Brindle, K. M., Evelhoch, J. L., Griffiths, J. R., Horsman, M. R., Jackson, A., … Workman, P. (2005). The assessment of antiangiogenic and antivascular therapies in early-stage clinical trials using magnetic resonance imaging: issues and recommendations. British Journal of Cancer, 92(9), 1599-1610. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602550Tofts, P. S., Brix, G., Buckley, D. L., Evelhoch, J. L., Henderson, E., Knopp, M. V., … Weisskoff, R. M. (1999). Estimating kinetic parameters from dynamic contrast-enhanced t1-weighted MRI of a diffusable tracer: Standardized quantities and symbols. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 10(3), 223-232. doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199909)10:33.0.co;2-sPort, R. E., Knopp, M. V., & Brix, G. (2001). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using Gd-DTPA: Interindividual variability of the arterial input function and consequences for the assessment of kinetics in tumors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 45(6), 1030-1038. doi:10.1002/mrm.1137McGrath, D. M., Bradley, D. P., Tessier, J. L., Lacey, T., Taylor, C. J., & Parker, G. J. M. (2009). Comparison of model-based arterial input functions for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in tumor bearing rats. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 61(5), 1173-1184. doi:10.1002/mrm.21959Yang, C., Karczmar, G. S., Medved, M., Oto, A., Zamora, M., & Stadler, W. M. (2009). Reproducibility assessment of a multiple reference tissue method for quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI analysis. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 61(4), 851-859. doi:10.1002/mrm.21912Meng, R., Chang, S. D., Jones, E. C., Goldenberg, S. L., & Kozlowski, P. (2010). Comparison between Population Average and Experimentally Measured Arterial Input Function in Predicting Biopsy Results in Prostate Cancer. Academic Radiology, 17(4), 520-525. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2009.11.006Sourbron, S. P., & Buckley, D. L. (2011). Tracer kinetic modelling in MRI: estimating perfusion and capillary permeability. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 57(2), R1-R33. doi:10.1088/0031-9155/57/2/r1Lüdemann, L., Prochnow, D., Rohlfing, T., Franiel, T., Warmuth, C., Taupitz, M., … Beyersdorff, D. (2009). Simultaneous Quantification of Perfusion and Permeability in the Prostate Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging with an Inversion-Prepared Dual-Contrast Sequence. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 37(4), 749-762. doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9645-xPrats-Montalbán, J. M., de Juan, A., & Ferrer, A. (2011). Multivariate image analysis: A review with applications. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 107(1), 1-23. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2011.03.002Jackson, J. E. (1991). A Use’s Guide to Principal Components. Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics. doi:10.1002/0471725331Bruwer, M.-J., MacGregor, J. F., & Noseworthy, M. D. (2008). Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI diagnostics in oncology via principal component analysis. Journal of Chemometrics, 22(11-12), 708-716. doi:10.1002/cem.1143Gujral, P., Amrhein, M., Bonvin, D., Vallée, J.-P., Montet, X., & Michoux, N. (2009). Classification of magnetic resonance images from rabbit renal perfusion. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 98(2), 173-181. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2009.06.004Fortuna, J., Elzibak, A. H., Fan, Z., MacGregor, J. F., & Noseworthy, M. D. (2012). Liver functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using a latent variables approach. Journal of Chemometrics, 26(5), 170-179. doi:10.1002/cem.2430Buckley, D. L. (2002). Uncertainty in the analysis of tracer kinetics using dynamic contrast-enhancedT1-weighted MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 47(3), 601-606. doi:10.1002/mrm.10080Henderson, E., Sykes, J., Drost, D., Weinmann, H.-J., Rutt, B. K., & Lee, T.-Y. (2000). Simultaneous MRI measurement of blood flow, blood volume, and capillary permeability in mammary tumors using two different contrast agents. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 12(6), 991-1003. doi:10.1002/1522-2586(200012)12:63.0.co;2-1Tauler, R., Smilde, A., & Kowalski, B. (1995). Selectivity, local rank, three-way data analysis and ambiguity in multivariate curve resolution. Journal of Chemometrics, 9(1), 31-58. doi:10.1002/cem.1180090105Tauler, R. (1995). Multivariate curve resolution applied to second order data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 30(1), 133-146. doi:10.1016/0169-7439(95)00047-xPiqueras, S., Duponchel, L., Tauler, R., & de Juan, A. (2011). Resolution and segmentation of hyperspectral biomedical images by Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares. Analytica Chimica Acta, 705(1-2), 182-192. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.020De Juan, A., & Tauler, R. (2003). Chemometrics applied to unravel multicomponent processes and mixtures. Analytica Chimica Acta, 500(1-2), 195-210. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00724-4Jaumot, J., Gargallo, R., de Juan, A., & Tauler, R. (2005). A graphical user-friendly interface for MCR-ALS: a new tool for multivariate curve resolution in MATLAB. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 76(1), 101-110. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.12.007Windig, W., & Guilment, J. (1991). Interactive self-modeling mixture analysis. Analytical Chemistry, 63(14), 1425-1432. doi:10.1021/ac00014a016Gallagher, N. B., Shaver, J. M., Martin, E. B., Morris, J., Wise, B. M., & Windig, W. (2004). Curve resolution for multivariate images with applications to TOF-SIMS and Raman. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 73(1), 105-117. doi:10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.04.003Windig, W. (2009). Two-Way Data Analysis: Detection of Purest Variables. Comprehensive Chemometrics, 275-307. doi:10.1016/b978-044452701-1.00048-xChtioui, Y., Bertrand, D., & Barba, D. (1998). Feature selection by a genetic algorithm. Application to seed discrimination by artificial vision. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 76(1), 77-86. doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199801)76:13.0.co;2-9Wang, M., Zhou, X., King, R. W., & Wong, S. T. (2007). BMC Bioinformatics, 8(1), 32. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-32Sánchez, F. C., Toft, J., van den Bogaert, B., & Massart, D. L. (1996). Orthogonal Projection Approach Applied to Peak Purity Assessment. Analytical Chemistry, 68(1), 79-85. doi:10.1021/ac950496gMultivariate curve resolution homepage http://www.mcrals.info/De Juan, A., Maeder, M., Hancewicz, T., & Tauler, R. (2005). Local rank analysis for exploratory spectroscopic image analysis. Fixed Size Image Window-Evolving Factor Analysis. 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Obesity, Physical Activity, and Mortality in a Prospective Chinese Elderly Cohort

Background In older people, it is unclear whether obesity relates to mortality, which calls into question its etiologic role in disease and its public health relevance. This apparent lack of relationship in older people could be an artifactual result of their diverse health states. Methods We used Cox regression analysis to determine whether the effect of body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) or physical activity on mortality varied with health status in a prospective cohort study of Chinese people 65 years or older enrolled from 1998 to 2000 at all of the 18 Elderly Health Centers of the Hong Kong Government Department of Health. Health status was categorized into 5 morbidity groups using a 12- item index covering illnesses, medications, frailty, and smoking. Results After a mean follow-up of 4.1 years, there were 3819 deaths in 54 088 subjects (96.5% successful followup). The effect of BMI on mortality varied with baseline health status (P_.001). In the healthiest group, obese people (BMI _25) had higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02- 2.33), but in the unhealthiest group they had lower mortality (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.49-0.63) compared with subjects of normal weight. Daily physical activity was associated with lower mortality compared with inactivity in the unhealthiest group (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.61- 0.81) but not in the healthiest group. Conclusions In the elderly, the relationship between obesity and mortality varies according to the underlying health status. In those with poor health status, obesity is associated with better outcome, whereas in those with initially good health status, obesity is associated with worse outcome