In search of Karl Polanyi’s international relations theory

Karl Polanyi is principally known as an economic historian and a theorist of international political economy. His theses are commonly encountered in debates concerning globalisation, regionalism, regulation and deregulation, and neoliberalism. But the standard depiction of his ideas is based upon a highly restricted corpus of his work: essentially, his published writings, in English, from the 1940s and 1950s. Drawing upon a broader range of Polanyi’s work in Hungarian, German, and English, this article examines his less well-known analyses of international politics and world order. It sketches the main lineaments of Polanyi’s international thought from the 1910s until the mid-1940s, charting his evolution from Wilsonian liberal, via debates within British pacifism, towards a position close to E. H. Carr’s realism. It reconstructs the dialectic of universalism and regionalism in Polanyi’s prospectus for postwar international order, with a focus upon his theory of ‘tame empires’ and its extension by neo-Polanyian theorists of the ‘new regionalism’ and European integration. It explores the tensions and contradictions in Polanyi’s analysis, and, finally, it hypothesises that the failure of his postwar predictions provides a clue as to why his research on international relations dried up in the 1950s

In search of global development

Tras los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre, el orden mundial sufrió una inesperada sacudida que marcó profundamente el desarrollo de los acontecimientos mundiales en el contexto del cambio de milenio. En este capítulo, Björn Hettne aborda los principales cambios acaecidos en el marco de esta primera década del siglo XXI así como los numerosos desafíos y contradicciones a los que ha de enfrentarse el orden mundial poswesfaliano emergente. A través de elementos y cuestiones tan amplias como el medioambiente, el regionalismo, el ascenso de nuevas potencias o la crisis económica mundial, el autor procura ahondar en una serie de alternativas que puedan afrontar de forma exitosa esta problemática. Alternativas que tomarán la forma de gobernanza global, interregionalismo, multilateralismo o el llamado “desarrollo global”, entre muchas otrasAfter the 9/11 events, the World Order suffered an unexpected shock that deeply marked the flow of world events in the context of the millennium change. In this chapter, Björn Hettne deals with the main changes occurred in the frame of the first decade of the 21st century, as well as the numerous challenges and contradictions that the emerging post-Westphalian world order has to cope with. Through wide and complex issues such as environment, regionalism, the rise of new powers or the world economic crisis, the author tries to dig into some alternatives that could face these difficulties successfully. The alternatives drawn are global governance, interregionalism, multilateralism or the so-called “global development”, among many other

The Carpentries intro

Presentation of The Carpentries by Kristina Hettne, for the Health-RI FAIR data stewards basics course, in Utrecht, The Netherlands, 3 July 202

RCEP vs TPP: the pursuit of eastern dominance

ASEAN when defined as a single regional bloc, can be perceived as being one of the most prominent battle-fields between two new economic powerhouses; the US and China. When compared to efforts in the prior half-century, the US’s regional integration efforts were derided politically and economically since the 2007 Western financial crisis. This was predominantly due to a plethora of reasons alike to the fact that post the impasse, the ASEAN nations’ credence of the US as a political and trading partner greatly eroded. As a late runner, China exemplifies her regional prowess via an influx of Chinese emigration in those targeted regions. This enables the ASEAN nations to centre their trade around the Chinese economy in lieu of that of the US. This is galvanised by the wealth of the ethnic minority that efficiently entwine the ASEAN nations with China as the nucleus. Through the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, two subsequent agreements were penned; and these concepts are examined from the Chinese perspective, and the effects that are encompassed are further amplified throughout the course of this paper

Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining

Background. Previously, we developed a combined dictionary dubbed Chemlist for the identification of small molecules and drugs in text based on a number of publicly available databases and tested it on an annotated corpus. To achieve an acceptable recall and precision we used a number of automatic and semi-automatic processing steps together with disambiguation rules. However, it remained to be investigated which impact an extensive manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary would have on chemical term identification in text. ChemSpider is a chemical database that has undergone extensive manual curation aimed at establishing valid chemical name-to-structure relationships. Results. We acquired the component of ChemSpider containing only manually curated names and synonyms. Rule-based term filtering, semi-automatic manual curation, and disambiguation rules were applied. We tested the dictionary from ChemSpider on an annotated corpus and compared the results with those for the Chemlist dictionary. The ChemSpider dictionary of ca. 80 k names was only a 1/3 to a 1/4 the size of Chemlist at around 300 k. The ChemSpider dictionary had a precision of 0.43 and a recall of 0.19 before the application of filtering and disambiguation and a precision of 0.87 and a recall of 0.19 after filtering and disambiguation. The Chemlist dictionary had a precision of 0.20 and a recall of 0.47 before the application of filtering and disambiguation and a precision of 0.67 and a recall of 0.40 after filtering and disambiguation. Conclusions. We conclude the following: (1) The ChemSpider dictionary achieved the best precision but the Chemlist dictionary had a higher recall and the best F-score; (2) Rule-based filtering and disambiguation is necessary to achieve a high precision for both the automatically generated and the manually curated dictionary. ChemSpider is available as a web service at http://www.chemspider. com/ and the Chemlist dictionary is freely available as an XML file in Simple Knowledge Organization System format on the web at http://www.biosemantics.org/ chemlist

En Busca del Desarrollo Global

Tras los acontecimientos del 11 de septiembre, el orden mundial sufrió una inesperada sacudida que marcó profundamente el desarrollo de los acontecimientos mundiales en el contexto del cambio de milenio. En este capítulo, Björn Hettne aborda los principales cambios acaecidos en el marco de esta primera década del siglo XXI así como los numerosos desafíos y contradicciones a los que ha de enfrentarse el orden mundial poswesfaliano emergente. A través de elementos y cuestiones tan amplias como el medioambiente, el regionalismo, el ascenso de nuevas potencias o la crisis económica mundial, el autor procura ahondar en una serie de alternativas que puedan afrontar de forma exitosa esta problemática. Alternativas que tomarán la forma de gobernanza global, interregionalismo, multilateralismo o el llamado “desarrollo global”, entre muchas otras

The Research Object Suite of Ontologies: Sharing and Exchanging Research Data and Methods on the Open Web

Research in life sciences is increasingly being conducted in a digital and online environment. In particular, life scientists have been pioneers in embracing new computational tools to conduct their investigations. To support the sharing of digital objects produced during such research investigations, we have witnessed in the last few years the emergence of specialized repositories, e.g., DataVerse and FigShare. Such repositories provide users with the means to share and publish datasets that were used or generated in research investigations. While these repositories have proven their usefulness, interpreting and reusing evidence for most research results is a challenging task. Additional contextual descriptions are needed to understand how those results were generated and/or the circumstances under which they were concluded. Because of this, scientists are calling for models that go beyond the publication of datasets to systematically capture the life cycle of scientific investigations and provide a single entry point to access the information about the hypothesis investigated, the datasets used, the experiments carried out, the results of the experiments, the people involved in the research, etc. In this paper we present the Research Object (RO) suite of ontologies, which provide a structured container to encapsulate research data and methods along with essential metadata descriptions. Research Objects are portable units that enable the sharing, preservation, interpretation and reuse of research investigation results. The ontologies we present have been designed in the light of requirements that we gathered from life scientists. They have been built upon existing popular vocabularies to facilitate interoperability. Furthermore, we have developed tools to support the creation and sharing of Research Objects, thereby promoting and facilitating their adoption.Comment: 20 page

Next generation text-mining applied to toxicogenomics data analysis = Next-generation text-mining toegepast op toxicogenomics data analyse

This dissertation describes how the interpretation of toxicogenomics data can be facilitated by information from scientific literature. Toxicogenomics (new technologies in toxicology, based on knowledge of the genome) is regarded as a promising technique to reduce animal tests. One of the conclusions of this dissertation is that a specific text-mining method (concept profile matching) can be used to link chemical information to experimental data to identify toxic effects at a very early stage. This is an important step towards reducing the use of test animals in the development of new medicines

Text Analytics for Android Project

Most advanced text analytics and text mining tasks include text classification, text clustering, building ontology, concept/entity extraction, summarization, deriving patterns within the structured data, production of granular taxonomies, sentiment and emotion analysis, document summarization, entity relation modelling, interpretation of the output. Already existing text analytics and text mining cannot develop text material alternatives (perform a multivariant design), perform multiple criteria analysis, automatically select the most effective variant according to different aspects (citation index of papers (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar) and authors (Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar), Top 25 papers, impact factor of journals, supporting phrases, document name and contents, density of keywords), calculate utility degree and market value. However, the Text Analytics for Android Project can perform the aforementioned functions. To the best of the knowledge herein, these functions have not been previously implemented; thus this is the first attempt to do so. The Text Analytics for Android Project is briefly described in this article