A convenient synthesis of pyrandione derivatives using P-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation

A new series of 3,3'-{alkane-α,ω-diylbis[imino-eth-1-yl-1-ylidene]}bis(6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione) derivatives (3c-e) has been synthesized by the convenient ultrasound-mediated condensation of a diamine with dehydroacetic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The structure of all synthesized compounds was elucidated by IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopic spectra, elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy. A tautomeric form for the derivatives species is also proposed.Keywords: Dehydroacetic acid; Schiff base; Condensation; Catalyst; Ultrasound irradiation; Tautomeris

Global surveillance of cancer survival 1995-2009: analysis of individual data for 25,676,887 patients from 279 population-based registries in 67 countries (CONCORD-2)

BACKGROUND: Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the effectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. METHODS: Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15-99 years) and 75,000 children (age 0-14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995-2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. FINDINGS: 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005-09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15-19% in North America, and as low as 7-9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10-20% between 1995-99 and 2005-09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995-99 and 2005-09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005-09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005-09 was high (54-58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18-23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major deficiencies in the management of a largely curable disease. INTERPRETATION: International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide differences that are likely to be attributable to differences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems

International nosocomial infection control consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009

The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. Despite the fact that the use of devices in the developing countries' ICUs was remarkably similar to that reported in US ICUs in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were significantly higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals; the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC ICUs of 6.8 per 1,000 central line-days was more than 3-fold higher than the 2.0 per 1,000 central line-days reported in comparable US ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia). Copyright © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Bioinspired pH-sensitive riboflavin controlled-release alkaline hydrogels based on blue crab chitosan: Study of the effect of polymer characteristics

International audienceRecently, the application of natural biocompatible polymeric hydrogels for the conception of drug delivery matrices has attracted widespread interest. Thus, in the present study, riboflavin pH-sensitive drug delivery hydrogels were developed based on blue crab chitosan (Cs), via direct dissolution in alkali/urea aqueous solution at low temperatures. First, the effect of Cs characteristics in terms of acetylation degree (AD) and molecular weight (Mw) on the structural, mechanical, thermal, swelling and in vitro biodegradation of Cs-based hydrogels were studied. Data from overall analysis revealed that Cs with low AD and high Mw exhibited improved mechanical properties, as evidenced by the compressive and rheological behaviors tests, thermal resistance, swelling behavior and in vitro degradation kinetics. However, hydrogels pore sizes were reduced with the AD decrease and Mw increase. Additionally, hydrogels in PBS (pH 5.5) underwent quicker degradation, compared to those immersed in PBS (pH 7.4). In the drug delivery model, the kinetics of Riboflavin release, through the Cs-based hydrogels were monitored. The Riboflavin release exhibited typical deliverance patterns, with significantly higher released amounts in more acidic systems. Therefore, drug encapsulation within the conceived pH-sensitive Cs-based hydrogels could provide suitable and promoting microenvironment for drugs delivery

Context-Aware Access Control and Anonymous Authentication in Wireless Body Area Networks

International audienc

Effects Of Irrigation With Saline Water, And Soil Type On Germination And Seedling Growth Of Sweet Maize (Zea Mays L.)

Germination and early growth of maize Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.), var. (SEL. CONETA) under irrigation with saline water were investigated in a pot experiment with different soil types. Seven salinity levels of irrigation water up to 12 dS/m were used on a Clay soil (C) and a Sandy-Loam (SL). Emergence of maize was delayed under irrigation with saline water, and the final percentage of germination was reduced only at 8 dS/m or above. Seedling shoot and root growth were reduced starting at 4 dS/m of irrigation water. Salts accumulated more in the C soil but reductions in final germination rate and seedling growth were larger in the SL soil, although differences were not always significant. Data indicate that germination is rather tolerant to salinity level in var. SEL. CONETA whereas seedling growth is reduced at moderate salinity levels, and that soil type affects plant performance under irrigation with saline water

Magnetoelastic coupling enabled tunability of magnon spin current generation in two-dimensional antiferromagnets

© 2021 American Physical Society.We theoretically investigate the magnetoelastic coupling (MEC) and its effect on magnon transport in two-dimensional antiferromagnets with a honeycomb lattice. MEC coefficients along with magnetic exchange parameters and spring constants are computed for monolayers of transition-metal trichalcogenides with Néel magnetic order (MnPS3 and VPS3) and zigzag order (CrSiTe3, NiPS3, and NiPSe3) by ab initio calculations. Using these parameters, we predict that the spin-Nernst coefficient is significantly enhanced due to magnetoelastic coupling. Our study shows that although Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction can produce spin-Nernst effect in these materials, other mechanisms such as magnon-phonon coupling should be taken into account. We also demonstrate that the magnetic anisotropy is an important factor for control of magnon-phonon hybridization and enhancement of the Berry curvature and thus the spin-Nernst coefficient. Our results pave the way toward gate tunable spin current generation in two-dimensional magnets by spin-Nernst effect via electric field modulation of MEC and anisotropy.11Nsciescopu

Acetylation degree, a key parameter modulating chitosan rheological, thermal and film-forming properties

International audienceThe effect of blue crab chitosan acetylation degree (AD) on its rheological, thermal and film-forming properties was investigated. Determination of the dynamic viscoelastic properties (elastic modulus G' and viscous modulus G") of chitosan solutions revealed a typical Newtonian viscous-like behavior, with higher viscosity values at lower acetylation degrees. Moreover, the gelation temperature of blue crab chitosan was strongly dependent on its acetylation degree, with lower values at lower acetylation degrees. Regarding chitosan thermal stability, thermogravimetric profiles revealed greater thermal resistance for chitosans with lower acetylation degrees, showing significantly higher degradation temperature. Likewise, the values of glass transition temperature decreased with the increase of the acetylation degree. In another side, chitosan-based films, with lower acetylation degrees, are found to be more flexible, resistant and transparent. Therefore, blue crab chitosan acetylation degree modulated toughly its viscosity, elongation at break, tensile strength and thermal resistance. Further, chitosans with ADs less than 20% seemed to have potential industrial applications