The Development of a Quantitative Survey on Construction of Identity

Survey Methodology, Identity Affiliations, Mobility

A state-of-the-art review on the integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)

The integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) has been identified as a promising but challenging topic to transform information towards the generation of knowledge and intelligence. Achievement of integrating these two concepts and enabling technologies will have a significant impact on solving problems in the civil, building and infrastructure sectors. However, since GIS and BIM were originally developed for different purposes, numerous challenges are being encountered for the integration. To better understand these two different domains, this paper reviews the development and dissimilarities of GIS and BIM, the existing integration methods, and investigates their potential in various applications. This study shows that the integration methods are developed for various reasons and aim to solve different problems. The parameters influencing the choice can be summarized and named as "EEEF" criteria: effectiveness, extensibility, effort, and flexibility. Compared with other methods, semantic web technologies provide a promising and generalized integration solution. However, the biggest challenges of this method are the large efforts required at early stage and the isolated development of ontologies within one particular domain. The isolation problem also applies to other methods. Therefore, openness is the key of the success of BIM and GIS integration

Saisie photogrammétrique multi-représentation de bâtiments : une approche Semi-Automatisée Initialisée et Supportée par l'Intervention humainE

Le peuplement de BDRM-3D (Bases de Données à Représentation Multiple 3D) est de plus en plus requis pour supporter des applications avancées de cartographie sur demande et d’analyse décisionnelle géospatiale. Cette thèse présente une nouvelle approche de saisie photogrammétrique en représentation multiple visant à peupler une BDRM-3D de bâtiments. L’approche proposée est nommée approche SAISIE car elle est Semi-Automatique, Initialisée et Supportée par l’Intervention humainE. Elle traite simultanément l’extraction des Géométries Détaillées (GD) et des Géométries Simplifiées (GS). Elle s’appuie notamment sur les nouveaux concepts de Patron d’Acquisition en Représentation Multiple et d’« Instance Driven SASS » (Sélection et Gestion des Algorithmes, des Sources et des Réglages gérée au niveau de l’instance) afin d’améliorer la performance des traitements automatiques mis en œuvre. Ces deux concepts ont été introduits lors de cette recherche. Le concept de PARM résulte du rapprochement des concepts de patron géométrique (introduit pour supporter la généralisation) et de modèle paramétrique (introduit pour supporter la saisie photogrammétrique). Deux nouveaux algorithmes de reconnaissance de forme, l’un traitant de la détermination automatique des paramètres d’implantation de patrons géométriques 3D et l’autre de l’extraction automatique des emprises au sol de bâtiments, ont par ailleurs été introduits lors de la réalisation de cette thèse. L’approche SAISIE ainsi que les concepts et algorithmes proposés pour la supporter ont été mis en œuvre et expérimentés sur quatre sites de tests couvrant plus de trois cent bâtiments. Les résultats obtenus et l’expérience acquise lors des développements des prototypes nous ont permis d’établir une analyse de l’approche SAISIE ainsi que des recommandations pour les recherches futures.3D MRDB (Multi Representation Data Base) population is more and more required to support advanced cartographical applications and advanced geospatial decisional analysis. This dissertation presents a new photogrammetric approach dedicated to multiple representation acquisition process to populate the buildings of a 3D MRDB. The proposed approach is named SAISIE (this French acronym matches with a semi-automatic acquisition process, initialized and supported by human intervention). The SAISIE approach tackles simultaneously the Detailed Geometries (DG) extraction and the Simplified Geometries (GS) extraction. This uses both the Multi-Representation Acquisition Pattern concept and the Instance Driven SASS concept (SASS : Selection of the Algorithms, Sources and Setting) to improve the process performance. These two new concepts have been introduced during this research. The MRAP concept stems from bridging together the geometric pattern concept (used to support generalisation process) and the parametric model (used to support the photogrammetric building extraction). Two new algorithms have also been introduced. The first one deals with the automatic implantation of 3D geometric pattern and the second one with the automatic extraction of building footprints. The SAISIE approach, the new concepts and the two new algorithms, have been implemented and tested with four test sites. These test sites cover more than three hundred buildings. Results analysis and several recommendations, based on our experimentation and experience, are proposed to conclude this dissertation

Bentley's Support for 3D Cadastre Development

Cadastre has been playing a huge role in the development of our society since it aims at registering legal status and property rights associated to land. Cadastre is usually based on a 2D parcel description with associated land information. Although 2D representation simplification of our 3D reality offers advantages (e.g.: it can be easily represented on paper) it also involves several limitations when the existing situation is too complex to describe. There are many cases where infrastructure density leads to complex interleaving (overhanging structures; above and below ground infrastructures…). Furthermore, demographic forecasts expect urban population to double between 2005 and 2050. This assessment of current and coming challenges has been made several times and motivated numerous research activities suggesting the adoption of 3D Cadastre. This research identifies some of the technological limitations in implementing a 3D cadastre. The geospatial and engineering industries have evolved very quickly over the past few years. The development of 3D GIS technologies offers new methods to represent property ownership in 3D and to associate detailed attribution to those representations. The objective of this paper is to present a benchmark exercise in which Bentley Geospatial software was used to implement several scenarios in a 3D Cadastre. The results describe an architecture (a combination of desktop GIS applications with server based RDBMS) to implement different scenarios for a 3D Cadastre (Full 3D and Hybrid). The results illustrate how it is possible to combine advanced CAD technologies, such as Solid Modeling and Constructive Solid Geometry, to create and update intelligent objects corresponding to both 3D objects (infrastructure components) and 3D property units. Technology evolves very quickly providing new methodologies to present and manage land information. This paper provides an overview of the latest 3D GIS capabilities as applied to cadastre