Prosjektorganisert utviklingsarbeid

Hvordan kan erfaringer fra prosjektorganisering bidra til bedre systematikk, bedre resultat, ny kunnskap og forbedret læring i utviklingsarbeid? Dette er temaet for denne artikkelen

Polar solar power plants – Investigating the potential and the design challenges

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Energy demand and yield enhancement for roof mounted photovoltaic snow mitigation systems

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Delt mikromobilitet utenfor bykjernen Opplevelsen av kollektivtrafikkens første og siste mil

Oppgaven utforsker hvordan nye former for delt mikromobilitet kan bidra til å løse kollektivtrafikkens utfordringer knyttet til den første og siste mila, i spredte strøk utenfor bykjernen. Utgangspunktet er en hypotese om at transportformen kan forbedre de reisende sin opplevelse av tilgjengelighet til kollektivknutepunktene. Et nytt tilbud for delt mikromobilitet i Bærum, utenfor Oslo, er oppgavens case. Her har kommunen og kollektivselskapet Ruter lansert et tilbud for delte elsparkesykler og elsykler. En kvantitativ før- og etterundersøkelse er gjennomført for å måle hvilken effekt tilbudet har hatt på innbyggernes opplevelse av tilgjengelighet. Det er også gjennomført supplerende kvalitative observasjoner av tilbudet, samt intervjuer med prosjektlederne. Teori om sosial praksis anvendes for å forstå og beskrive resultatene. De viktigste funnene indikerer at tilbudet har bidratt til en vesentlig, positiv endring i opplevelsen av tilgjengelighet. Andelen som opplever reisen til kollektivknutepunktene som tidkrevende er redusert, mens andelene som opplever reisen som komfortabel har økt. Oppgaven konkluderer med at den strategiske utnyttelsen av delt mikromobilitet i Bærum er en suksess. Samtidig argumenteres det for at delt mikromobilitet har et betydelig uforløst potensial som en løsning for den første og siste mila, og at potensialet kan utløses ved en ytterligere integrering med det øvrige kollektivtilbudet. Det argumenteres også for at kombinert reise med delt mikromobilitet og kollektivtrafikk som en sosial praksis er umoden, og at man kan forvente større endringer i takt med en utvikling av betydningene, kompetansen og materialene som transportformen består av.The thesis explores how new forms of shared micromobility can contribute to solving the first and last mile problem of public transport, in the dispersed outskirts of the city. The point of departure is a hypothesis that shared micromobility as a mode of transport can improve the perceived accessibility of public transport hubs among travellers. A new, shared micromobility service in Bærum, outside of Oslo, Norway, serves as the case of study. Here the municipality and the public transport authority has initiated a strategic deployment of shared e- scooters and e-bikes. A quantiative before-and-after study is utilized to measure the effects of the shared micromobility service on perceived accessibility among the inhabitants. Supplementary, qualitative observations, as well as interviews with the project managers, have also been carried out. Social practice theory has been applied to understand and describe the results. The key findings indicate that the service has had a significant, positive effect on perceived accessibility. The percentage of people who perceive the first and last mile travel as time consuming, has decreased, while the percentage who perceive the first and last mile travel as comfortable has increased. The thesis concludes that the strategic application of shared micromobility in a suburban context, has been a success. Meanwhile, it is argued that shared micromobility as a first and last mile solution, in large part exists as an unfulfilled potential. This potential could be released by further integrating the service with public transport as a whole. It is also argued that the combination of shared micromobility and public transport as a social practice, is in its infancy, and that shared micromobility is expected to make a greater impact in line with the evolving meanings, competencies and materials associated with it

Evolving timber school building design in Norway

Due to the eminent importance of global sustainability, Norwegian municipalities as acting clients for school buildings, have initiated the usage of massive timber (Cross Laminated Timber) in new buildings. This paper is aiming to gain knowledge regarding the construction of massive timber school buildings by examining three case studies located in Norway. The findings suggest that appear to be four main factors that determine the choice and placement of material in the selected buildings: sustainability, topography, function and structure. Sustainability goals advocate maximization of usage of massive timber in the school buildings. Topography indicates that underground volumes are constructed in concrete and steel. Function and structure restrict the usage of CLT in main teaching spaces that have smaller spans, while acoustically challenging spaces like music rooms and auditoriums are constructed in steel and concrete. Literature also showed an evolution of massive timber construction in Norway, with contemporary architects and engineers achieving larger room spans than 10 years ago. Based on the findings, CLT construction is increasing and can change the way schools are being built in the Nordics.acceptedVersio

Fatty acids in habitual diet, plasma phospholipids, and tumour and normal colonic biopsies in young colorectal cancer patients

Fatty acid metabolism is altered in colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate incorporation of dietary n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) into plasma phospholipids (PLs), tumour tissue, and normal mucosa in young CRC patients. We also aimed to study differences in PUFA composition between tumour and normal mucosa, and PUFA status associated with cancer stage. Sixty-five CRC patients younger than 55 years were included in a multicenter study. We assessed dietary fatty acid composition by food-frequency questionnaire. Fatty acid composition in plasma PL (n = 65) and tumour and normal colonic biopsies (n = 32) were analysed by gas chromatography. We observed a significant correlation for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) between dietary intake and concentration in plasma PL (weight%) (r = 0.42; P = 0.001), but not for any n-6 PUFA. Tissue concentrations of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and DHA (weight%) were 1.7–2.5 times higher in tumour than normal mucosa (P ≤ 0.001). Concentrations of n-3 and n-6 PUFA in plasma PL and tissues were not related to Duke’s stage, although patients with more severe cancer stage reported higher intake of n-3 PUFA. In conclusion, we found accumulation of the longchained n-3 and n-6 PUFA in tumour tissue in young CRC patient

Applications of “snowind” engineering – climatic wind tunnel methods

Transport and deviation of snow by wind induce many constraints on buildings, vehicles and industrial systems. A selection of questions from snow-wind engineering are presented in the paper. The experimental method that was undertaken to investigate these questions makes use of a large climatic wind tunnel, partly designed to address snow engineering problems at full scale: snow penetration in buildings, into ventilation systems of buildings and vehicles and snow or ice accretions on structures