What do we (need to) know about low-susceptibility of codling moth against Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV)!

In 2005, the first codling moth (CM) populations with a reduced susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovi-rus (CpGV) products have been observed. This phenomenon might be an indicator of an emerging resis-tance of CM to CpGV. This paper summarizes some aspects of CM CpGV interaction and discusses poten-tial mechanisms in the host virus interaction, which could contribute to the observed low susceptibility. In order to develop and implement successful resistance management strategies, much more knowledge about the plasticity of CM CpGV interaction and the diversity of CM populations is essential

What do we (need to) know about low-susceptibility of codling moth against Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV)!

In 2005, the first codling moth (CM) populations with a reduced susceptibility to Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) products have been observed. This phenomenon might be an indicator of an emerging resistance of CM to CpGV. This paper summarizes some aspects of CM CpGV interaction and discusses potential mechanisms in the host virus interaction, which could contribute to the observed low susceptibility. In order to develop and implement successful resistance management strategies, much more knowledge about the plasticity of CM CpGV interaction and the diversity of CM populations is essential

Coal-fired furnace modeling oriented to operational decision support

Esta dissertação enfoca o desenvolvimento de um modelo de suporte a decisão de opera ção de uma fornalha de carvão pulverizado, explorando as bases teóricas de dois métodos de solução. O modelo de combustão do carvão utiliza uma descrição da combustão que não considera características dimensionais da fornalha, baseando-se no balanço de átomos, e estimando assim importantes parâmetros de processo como o poder calorí co do carvão, ar necessário à combustão, vazão e temperatura do gás de combustão assim com a concentração dos principais poluentes. O modelo de combustão trata a zona gasosa da fornalha como um reator perfeitamente misturado, sendo sensível à composição química do carvão, assim como à parâmetros de processo como a vazão e temperatura de entrada do ar e combustível. Resultados considerando a fornalha como um único reator, quando comparados à dados reais de operação, apresentaram desvios relativos de 18.46% para a temperatura do gás de combustão e -1.32% para o HHV e 1.82% para o LHV do carvão. Quanto à emissão de poluentes o modelo apresentou desvios relativos de 4.82% para o SO2, 14.72% para CO2, -89.61% para o NO e 53.85% para o O2. A segunda abordagem foi realizada dividindo-se o domínio da fornalha em múltiplas zonas de gás. A radiação foi abordada pelo Método Zonal de Hottel, o qual subdivide o domínio da fornalha em um conjunto de zonas isotérmicas (de superfície e gasosas) e utiliza-se de áreas de troca diretas, determinadas através das correlações polinomiais de Tucker. As áreas de troca totais foram calculadas para contabilizar as múltiplas re ecções dentro da fornalha, enquanto balanços de energia em cada zona foram resolvidos iterativamente. A validação do modelo foi obtida simulando a caldeira de referência estudada por Ström, 1980, onde apesar de ter sido adotado um coe ciente de absorção médio constante (K = 0.5), desvios relativos máximos de 7.6% foram encontrados em relação ao trabalho original. O desvio relativo médio dos resultados em comparação aos dados apresentados por Ström foi de apenas 1.7%. A avaliação de um caso real foi proposta, combinando-se as duas abordagens apresentadas, formando um modelo aplicado a fornalha da caldeira de PECÉM, instalada no estado do Ceará-BR. Um esquema de duas zonas foi proposto, incluindo o modelo de combustão desenvolvido. O resultado do modelo para a temperatura dos gases de combustão apresentou um desvio relativo de apenas 13.12% em relação aos dados obtidos de PECÉM. Em relação a capacidade de predição de poluentes do modelo, diferenças maiores foram observadas. A predição da concentração de dióxido de enxofre apresentou um desvio relativo aos dados reais de 4.04%, enquanto para o CO2 e O2 as diferenças foram de 19.46% e 23.53%, respectivamente. Predições de NO aparecem como um interessante resultado, uma vez que apesar da discretização limitada proposta no modelo, relativa concordância foi observada (desvios relativos de -75.75%). O presente modelo provou ser uma abordagem adequada para a descrição da operação de uma fornalha a carvão pulverizado, combinando processamento rápido com uma implementação simpli- cada. O modelo apresentou bons resultados para a predição da temperatura do gás de combustão e poder calorí co do carvão. A emissão de poluentes, por outro lado, exige maior detalhamento em sua descrição através de equações de taxa de reação, buscando melhorar a precisão do modelo. Não obstante, o modelo foi capaz de sugerir cenários de operação da fornalha em função de diferentes composições de carvão e dos parâmetros de processo, atingindo os requisitos de um modelo básico de suporte à decisão operacional.This master thesis focuses on the development of a coal- red furnace operational decision support model, exploring the theoretical basis of two solution methods. The so-called combustion model is a zero-dimensional approach for coal combustion, based in atomic balance, which estimates important process parameters such as coal Higher Heating Value (HHV), Lower Heating Value (LHV), air ow rate and ue gas temperatures, followed by the concentration of main chemical species in furnace outlet. Combustion model approaches the gas zones as perfect stirred reactors, sensitive to the coal chemical composition and the input process parameters such as inlet ow rates and temperatures. Results were generate considering the entire furnace domain as one reactor, where 18.46% relative deviation was found to the measured ue gas temperature, while HHV and LHV deviates only -1.32% and 1.82%, respectively. Model results for pollutant emission displayed relative deviations of 4.82% for SO2, 14.72% for CO2, -89.61% for NO and 53.85% for O2. The second solution approach consisted of subdividing furnace domain into multiple gas zones. Radiation was approached by means of Hottel's Zonal Method (ZM), which considered isotherm zones (surfaces or gas volumes) to calculate direct exchange areas with the help of Tucker's polynomial correlations. Total exchange areas were calculated to account for radiation multiple re ections inside the furnace, while the energy balance equation system was solved iteratively. Model validation was performed by simulating the benchmark furnace studied by Ström, 1980, with a maximum 7.6% relative deviation to real data, despite the assumption of a constant media absorption coe cient (K = 0.5). Assessment of a real case was performed by combining both approaches, to model the boiler furnace of PECÉM power plant, installed in Ceará-BR. A two gas-zone scheme was proposed, embedding the developed combustion model to describe PECÉM furnace operation. Model ue gas temperature result was 13.12% distant from the measured value. Prediction on sulfur dioxide concentration displayed 4.04% relative deviation to measured data, while CO2 and O2 were 19.46% and 23.53% distant from PECÉM records, respectively. Prediction of NO emission appears as an interesting result since even with a coarse discretization of the domain, relative concordance with real data was observed (-75.75% deviation). The presented model proved to be an interesting approach to describe the behavior of a coal- red furnace, combining fast processing with a simpli ed implementation. Flue gas temperature and coal high heating value were close to measured data. Pollutant emission, however, requires a more detailed treatment, with reaction rate equations, to improve result accuracy. Notwithstanding, the model was able to suggest operation scenarios as a function of di erent coal compositions and process parameters, meeting the requirements of a basic operation decision support model

Searching for the Hidden God: the Intimacy of Sound and Listening among Krishna Devotees in Mayapur

This article looks at how the Krishna devotees in Mayapur, West Bengal, learn how to chant and listen to the sound of the holy name properly. They suggest that if one is ‘pure’ enough and knows how to listen one experiences the syneasthetic level of sound called pashyanti. At this level, one can reach beyond the duality of the ‘hidden and manifested’ worlds, the external and internal levels of sound; and one can ultimately see God face to face. This is also considered a level at which one can realise that the sound of God’s name and God himself are the same. I will focus on how the devotees learn to create this sense of intimacy with God through the sound of his holy name, and argue that listening is not merely a process connected to our auditory sense but rather a creative and engaging activity, a skill that one can develop

Parallel Graph Transformation for Model Simulation applied to Timed Transition Petri Nets

Proceedings of the Workshop on Graph Transformation and Visual Modelling Techniques (GT-VMT 2004)This work discusses the use of parallel graph transformation systems for (multi-formalism) modeling and simulation and their implementation in the meta-modeling tool AToM3. As an example, a simulator for Timed Transition Petri Nets (TTPN) is modeled using parallel graph transformation.This work has been partially sponsored by the SEGRAVIS network and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology (TIC2002-01948)

Self vs. Informant Reports on the Specific Levels of Functioning Scale Relationships to Depression and Cognition in Schizophrenia

From the Washington University Office of Undergraduate Research Digest (WUURD), Vol. 12, 05-01-2017. Published by the Office of Undergraduate Research. Joy Zalis Kiefer, Director of Undergraduate Research and Associate Dean in the College of Arts & Sciences; Lindsey Paunovich, Editor; Helen Human, Programs Manager and Assistant Dean in the College of Arts and Sciences Mentor: Deanna Barc

Tartu ülikooli raamatukogu kunagise bibliotekaari Emil Andersi mälestused

Memoirs of the Former Librarian of the University of Tartu Library Emil AndersThe first volume in the series of memoirs published by the Tartu City Museum introduces the memoirs of the former librarian of the UT Library Emil Anders. Anders was born in 1806 in the family of the inspector of Tartu County schools. By his father’s wish, he studied law at the University of Tartu and after graduation, he worked at the UT Library from 1826 to 1871. He wrote his memoirs as an old man and because of his death in 1887, it remained unfinished. Anders was characterised by his deep interest in culture and his wide circle of friends, including F. R. Faehlmann, Carl von Liphardt and other well-known people of Tartu

Südame müksoom

Südame müksoom (SM) on kõige sagedasem südame primaarne tuumor. Kuigi histoloogiliselt healoomuline, võib ta oma asukohast tingituna tuua kaasa tõsiseid hemodünaamilisi ja embolitest põhjustatud tagajärgi ning raskematel juhtudel äkksurma. SMi harva esinemise tõttu diagnoos sageli hilineb, sest haigus võib kulgeda asümptomaatiliselt või mittespetsiifilise kliinilise pildiga. Enamasti diagnoositakse SM juhuleiuna või alles embooliliste tüsistuste ilmnemisel. SMi diagnoosimisel on kuldseks standardiks ehhokardiograafia ning ainukeseks tõhusaks ravimeetodiks on tuumori kirurgiline eemaldamine. Patsientide pikaajaline prognoos on kirurgilise ravi järel hea ning sporaadiliste müksoomide retsidiveerumise tõenäosus väike.Artiklis on antud ülevaade südame müksoomi olemusest, epidemioloogiast, kliinilisest pildist, diagnoosimisest, ravist ja prognoosist

Using OLSR Multipoint Relays (MPRs) to estimate node positions in a Wireless Mesh Network

In this paper we address in this paper the problem of nodes localization in wireless heterogeneous networks, focussing particularly on selection methods to estimate position. The OLSR routing protocol uses special nodes called Multipoint Relay (MPR) nodes to broadcast control messages within the network. We propose a novel approach based on using these Multipoint Relay (MPR) nodes as anchor nodes to estimate nodes positions. We evaluate its performance by simulation and compare it to other selection techniques such as convex hull selection and greedy selection