On the Influence of Celestial Bodies. Introduction to the Political Astrology

Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest przemiana, jakiej uległo – wraz z nadejściem zachodniej nowoczesności – pojęcie wpływu, który jeszcze w siedemnastym wieku był definiowany jako oddziaływanie ciał niebieskich na obszar ziemski i dopiero w dziewiętnastym nabrał dzisiejszego, bardziej ogólnego sensu. Przemianę tę zarysowuję na tle innych, charakterystycznych dla nowoczesności procesów. Jednym z nich jest wyrugowanie astrologii z pola nauki, powiązane z triumfem filozofii dualistycznej, narodzinami przemysłowego kapitalizmu, które razem wzięte uprzedmiotowiły i utowarowiły naturę. Drugi z tych procesów to kariera, jaką w dziewiętnastym wieku zaczyna robić pojęcie wpływu, stając się jedną z ważniejszych kategorii nie tylko nauk przyrodniczych, lecz również społecznych, w których – rozumiany bardziej jako władza duchowa – pozwala opisać działanie idei na społeczeństwo i intelektualistów na rząd. Trzecim w końcu – narodziny nowoczesnego podmiotu wraz z charakterystycznym dla niego „lękiem przed wpływem”. Tak zarysowane konteksty pozwalają w nowym świetle zobaczyć nowoczesność jako cywilizację, w której wpływ otoczenia na człowieka został zaklasyfikowany jako jednoznaczne zagrożenie. Pozwalają również zadać pytanie, na ile to właśnie nowoczesne przedefiniowanie relacji człowieka z kosmosem odpowiada za kryzys ekologiczny.The starting point of this paper is the transformation of the notion of influence, which as late as in the seventeenth century was defined as acting of celestial bodies upon the Earth, and only in the nineteenth century did it take on its present, more general meaning. I sketch this transformation against the background of other processes characteristic of modernity. One of them is the eradication of astrology from the field of science, linked to the triumph of dualistic philosophy and the birth of industrial capitalism, which together objectified and commodified nature. The second of these processes is the career that the concept of influence begins to make in the nineteenth century, becoming one of the most important categories not only of the natural sciences but also of the social sciences, where, understood more as spiritual power, it allows to describe the action of ideas on society and of intellectuals on government. The third one – the birth of the modern subject with its characteristic „influence anxiety“. These contexts, outlined in the article, allow us to see modernity in a new light – as a civilization in which influence that of the environment might exert on humans is unambiguously classified as a threat. They also allow us to ask the question to what extent may the modern redefinition of the relationship between man and the cosmos held responsible for the ecological crisis

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Application of Machine Learning to Performance Assessment for a class of PID-based Control Systems

In this paper, a novel machine learning derived control performance assesment (CPA) classification system is proposed. It is dedicated for a class of PID-based control loops with processes exhibiting second order plus delay time (SOPDT) dynamical properties. The proposed concept is based on deriving and combining a number of different, diverse control performance indices (CPIs) that separately do not provide sufficient information about the control performance. However, when combined together and used as discriminative features of the assessed control system, they can provide consistent and accurate CPA information. This concept is discussed in terms of the introduced extended set of CPIs, comprehensive performance assessment of different machine learning based classification methods and practical applicability of the suggested solution. The latter is shown and verified by practical application of the proposed approach to a CPA system for a laboratory heat exchange and ditribution setup.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronic

Wyparte historie XIX wieku

A short introduction to the special issue of the Theoretical Practice Journal.A short introduction to the special issue of the Theoretical Practice Journal

Are new models needed to optimize the utilization of new medicines to sustain healthcare systems?

Medicines have made an appreciable contribution to improving health. However, even high-income countries are struggling to fund new premium-priced medicines. This will grow necessitating the development of new models to optimize their use. The objective is to review case histories among health authorities to improve the utilization and expenditure on new medicines. Subsequently, use these to develop exemplar models and outline their implications. A number of issues and challenges were identified from the case histories. These included the low number of new medicines seen as innovative alongside increasing requested prices for their reimbursement, especially for oncology, orphan diseases, diabetes and HCV. Proposed models center on the three pillars of pre-, peri- and post-launch including critical drug evaluation, as well as multi-criteria models for valuing medicines for orphan diseases alongside potentially capping pharmaceutical expenditure. In conclusion, the proposed models involving all key stakeholder groups are critical for the sustainability of healthcare systems or enhancing universal access. The models should help stimulate debate as well as restore trust between key stakeholder groups

Evaluation of the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of Melissa officinalis in mice

Melissa officinalis (L.) (Lamiaceae), a plant known as the lemon balm, is native to the east Mediterranean region and west Asia. Also found in tropical countries, such as Brazil, where it is popularly known as “erva-cidreira” or “melissa”, it is widely used in aqueous- or alcoholic-extract form in the treatment of various disorders. The aim was to investigate in vivo its antigenotoxicity and antimutagenicity, as well as its genotoxic/mutagenic potential through comet and micronucleus assaying. CF-1 male mice were treated with ethanolic (Mo-EE) (250 or 500 mg/kg) or aqueous (Mo-AE) (100 mg/kg) solutions of an M. officinalis extract for 2 weeks, prior to treatment with saline or Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) doses by intraperitoneal injection. Irrespective of the doses, no genotoxic or mutagenic effects were observed in blood and bone-marrow samples. Although Mo-EE exerted an antigenotoxic effect on the blood cells of mice treated with the alkylating agent (MMS) in all the doses, this was not so with Mo-AE. Micronucleus testing revealed the protector effect of Mo-EE, but only when administered at the highest dose. The implication that an ethanolic extract of M. officinalis has antigenotoxic/antimutagenic properties is an indication of its medicinal relevance