Reseña de Moralejo Álvarez, Remedios...[et al.]; Coordinador, Francisco Alía Miranda. Del texto al hipertexto: las bibliotecas universitarias ante el reto de la digitalización. Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 2004. 192 p

Book review of: Moralejo Álvarez, Remedios...[et al.]; Coordinador, Francisco Alía Miranda. Del texto al hipertexto: las bibliotecas universitarias ante el reto de la digitalización. Cuenca: Ediciones de la Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 2004. 192 p

Global Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccine: Mine First

The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic dealt a severe blow to society as a whole and required countries to confront a situation that exceeded the limits of their borders. In this paper, we analyze how these countries as well as supranational organizations responded to this unprepared global emergency. We also explore what alternative models have been proposed in the wake of this crisis and propose some changes—other ways of acting—so that in future pandemics or global emergencies, we can deal with the situation more effectively.MCIN/AEI PID2020-118729RB-I0

Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries

[EN] Photovoltaic energy production is nowadays one of the hottest topics in the water industry as this green energy source is becoming more and more workable in countries like Spain, with high values of irradiance. In water pressurized systems supplying urban areas, they distribute energy consumption in pumps throughout the day, and it is not possible to supply electromechanical devices without energy storages such as batteries. Additionally, it is not possible to manage energy demand for water consumption. Researchers and practitioners have proven batteries to be reliable energy storage systems, and are undertaking many efforts to increase their performance, capacity, and useful life. Water pressurized networks incorporate tanks as devices used for accumulating water during low consumption hours while releasing it in peak hours. The compensation tanks work here as a mass and energy source in water pressurized networks supplied with photovoltaic arrays (not electricity grids). This work intends to compare which of these two energy storage systems are better and how to choose between them considering that these two systems involve running the network as a standalone pumping system without being connected to electricity grids. This work also calculates the intermediate results, considering both photovoltaic arrays and electricity grids for supplying electricity to pumping systems. We then analyzed these three cases in a synthetic network (used in earlier research) considering the effect of irradiation and water consumption, as we did not state which should be the most unfavorable month given that higher irradiance coincides with higher water consumption (i.e., during summer). Results show that there is no universal solution as energy consumption depends on the network features and that energy production depends very much on latitude. We based the portfolio of alternatives on investments for purchasing different equipment at present (batteries, pipelines, etc.) based on economic criteria so that the payback period is the indicator used for finding the best alternative, which is the one with the lowest value.This work was supported by the research project "GESAEN" through the 2016 call of the Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion from the University of Alicante, GRE-16-08.Pardo, MA.; Cobacho Jordán, R.; Bañón, L. (2020). Standalone Photovoltaic Direct Pumping in Urban Water Pressurized Networks with Energy Storage in Tanks or Batteries. Sustainability. 12(2):1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020738S120122Bijl, D. L., Bogaart, P. W., Kram, T., de Vries, B. J. M., & van Vuuren, D. P. (2016). Long-term water demand for electricity, industry and households. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 75-86. doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2015.09.005Breadsell, J. K., Byrne, J. J., & Morrison, G. M. (2019). Household Energy and Water Practices Change Post-Occupancy in an Australian Low-Carbon Development. Sustainability, 11(20), 5559. doi:10.3390/su11205559Watson, K. J. (2015). Understanding the role of building management in the low-energy performance of passive sustainable design: Practices of natural ventilation in a UK office building. Indoor and Built Environment, 24(7), 999-1009. doi:10.1177/1420326x15601478Berry, S., & Davidson, K. (2015). Zero energy homes – Are they economically viable? Energy Policy, 85, 12-21. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2015.05.009Wittenberg, I., & Matthies, E. (2016). Solar policy and practice in Germany: How do residential households with solar panels use electricity? Energy Research & Social Science, 21, 199-211. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2016.07.008Alghamdi, A., Haider, H., Hewage, K., & Sadiq, R. (2019). Inter-University Sustainability Benchmarking for Canadian Higher Education Institutions: Water, Energy, and Carbon Flows for Technical-Level Decision-Making. Sustainability, 11(9), 2599. doi:10.3390/su11092599Hardy, L., Garrido, A., & Juana, L. (2012). Evaluation of Spain’s Water-Energy Nexus. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 28(1), 151-170. doi:10.1080/07900627.2012.642240Cucchiella, F., D’Adamo, I., Gastaldi, M., & Stornelli, V. (2018). Solar Photovoltaic Panels Combined with Energy Storage in a Residential Building: An Economic Analysis. Sustainability, 10(9), 3117. doi:10.3390/su10093117Zsiborács, H., Hegedűsné Baranyai, N., Vincze, A., Háber, I., & Pintér, G. (2018). Economic and Technical Aspects of Flexible Storage Photovoltaic Systems in Europe. Energies, 11(6), 1445. doi:10.3390/en11061445Roncero-Sánchez, P., Parreño Torres, A., & Vázquez, J. (2018). Control Scheme of a Concentration Photovoltaic Plant with a Hybrid Energy Storage System Connected to the Grid. Energies, 11(2), 301. doi:10.3390/en11020301Chen, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y., Bao, G., Ge, X., & Li, P. (2018). A Hierarchical Optimal Operation Strategy of Hybrid Energy Storage System in Distribution Networks with High Photovoltaic Penetration. Energies, 11(2), 389. doi:10.3390/en11020389Reca, J., Torrente, C., López-Luque, R., & Martínez, J. (2016). Feasibility analysis of a standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system for irrigation in Mediterranean greenhouses. Renewable Energy, 85, 1143-1154. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.056Senol, R. (2012). An analysis of solar energy and irrigation systems in Turkey. Energy Policy, 47, 478-486. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.049Tarjuelo, J. M., Rodriguez-Diaz, J. A., Abadía, R., Camacho, E., Rocamora, C., & Moreno, M. A. (2015). Efficient water and energy use in irrigation modernization: Lessons from Spanish case studies. Agricultural Water Management, 162, 67-77. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2015.08.009Chandel, S. S., Nagaraju Naik, M., & Chandel, R. (2015). Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 49, 1084-1099. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.083Córcoles, J., Gonzalez Perea, R., Izquiel, A., & Moreno, M. (2019). Decision Support System Tool to Reduce the Energy Consumption of Water Abstraction from Aquifers for Irrigation. Water, 11(2), 323. doi:10.3390/w11020323Betka, A., & Attali, A. (2010). Optimization of a photovoltaic pumping system based on the optimal control theory. Solar Energy, 84(7), 1273-1283. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2010.04.004Elkholy, M. M., & Fathy, A. (2016). Optimization of a PV fed water pumping system without storage based on teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm and artificial neural network. Solar Energy, 139, 199-212. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2016.09.022Narvarte, L., Fernández-Ramos, J., Martínez-Moreno, F., Carrasco, L. M., Almeida, R. H., & Carrêlo, I. B. (2018). Solutions for adapting photovoltaics to large power irrigation systems for agriculture. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 29, 119-130. doi:10.1016/j.seta.2018.07.004Mohanty, A., Ray, P. K., Viswavandya, M., Mohanty, S., & Mohanty, P. P. (2018). Experimental analysis of a standalone solar photo voltaic cell for improved power quality. Optik, 171, 876-885. doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.06.139Mérida García, A., Fernández García, I., Camacho Poyato, E., Montesinos Barrios, P., & Rodríguez Díaz, J. A. (2018). Coupling irrigation scheduling with solar energy production in a smart irrigation management system. Journal of Cleaner Production, 175, 670-682. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.093Pardo Picazo, M., Juárez, J., & García-Márquez, D. (2018). Energy Consumption Optimization in Irrigation Networks Supplied by a Standalone Direct Pumping Photovoltaic System. Sustainability, 10(11), 4203. doi:10.3390/su10114203González Perea, R., Mérida García, A., Fernández García, I., Camacho Poyato, E., Montesinos, P., & Rodríguez Díaz, J. A. (2019). Middleware to Operate Smart Photovoltaic Irrigation Systems in Real Time. Water, 11(7), 1508. doi:10.3390/w11071508Wetzel, T., & Borchers, S. (2014). Update of energy payback time and greenhouse gas emission data for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 23(10), 1429-1435. doi:10.1002/pip.2548Kou, Q., Klein, S. A., & Beckman, W. A. (1998). A method for estimating the long-term performance of direct-coupled PV pumping systems. Solar Energy, 64(1-3), 33-40. doi:10.1016/s0038-092x(98)00049-8Meah, K., Fletcher, S., & Ula, S. (2008). Solar photovoltaic water pumping for remote locations. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(2), 472-487. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2006.10.008Child, M., Haukkala, T., & Breyer, C. (2017). The Role of Solar Photovoltaics and Energy Storage Solutions in a 100% Renewable Energy System for Finland in 2050. Sustainability, 9(8), 1358. doi:10.3390/su9081358Wong, J., Lim, Y. S., Tang, J. H., & Morris, E. (2014). Grid-connected photovoltaic system in Malaysia: A review on voltage issues. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, 535-545. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.087Arab, A. H., Chenlo, F., Mukadam, K., & Balenzategui, J. L. (1999). Performance of PV water pumping systems. Renewable Energy, 18(2), 191-204. doi:10.1016/s0960-1481(98)00780-0Muhsen, D. H., Khatib, T., & Abdulabbas, T. E. (2018). Sizing of a standalone photovoltaic water pumping system using hybrid multi-criteria decision making methods. Solar Energy, 159, 1003-1015. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.044Khatib, T., Ibrahim, I. A., & Mohamed, A. (2016). A review on sizing methodologies of photovoltaic array and storage battery in a standalone photovoltaic system. Energy Conversion and Management, 120, 430-448. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.011Li, C.-H., Zhu, X.-J., Cao, G.-Y., Sui, S., & Hu, M.-R. (2009). Dynamic modeling and sizing optimization of stand-alone photovoltaic power systems using hybrid energy storage technology. Renewable Energy, 34(3), 815-826. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.018Ru, Y., Kleissl, J., & Martinez, S. (2013). Storage Size Determination for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 4(1), 68-81. doi:10.1109/tste.2012.2199339Narvarte, L., Almeida, R. H., Carrêlo, I. B., Rodríguez, L., Carrasco, L. M., & Martinez-Moreno, F. (2019). On the number of PV modules in series for large-power irrigation systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 186, 516-525. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.001Yu, C., Khoo, Y., Chai, J., Han, S., & Yao, J. (2019). Optimal Orientation and Tilt Angle for Maximizing in-Plane Solar Irradiation for PV Applications in Japan. Sustainability, 11(7), 2016. doi:10.3390/su11072016Hailu, & Fung. (2019). Optimum Tilt Angle and Orientation of Photovoltaic Thermal System for Application in Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Sustainability, 11(22), 6443. doi:10.3390/su11226443Mérida García, A., Gallagher, J., McNabola, A., Camacho Poyato, E., Montesinos Barrios, P., & Rodríguez Díaz, J. A. (2019). Comparing the environmental and economic impacts of on- or off-grid solar photovoltaics with traditional energy sources for rural irrigation systems. Renewable Energy, 140, 895-904. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.122Seme, S., Lukač, N., Štumberger, B., & Hadžiselimović, M. (2017). Power quality experimental analysis of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in urban distribution networks. Energy, 139, 1261-1266. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.05.088Sugihara, H., Yokoyama, K., Saeki, O., Tsuji, K., & Funaki, T. (2013). Economic and Efficient Voltage Management Using Customer-Owned Energy Storage Systems in a Distribution Network With High Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(1), 102-111. doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2196529Pardo, M. Á., Manzano, J., Valdes-Abellan, J., & Cobacho, R. (2019). Standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system or energy storage in batteries for supplying irrigation networks. Cost analysis. Science of The Total Environment, 673, 821-830. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.050Batchabani, E., & Fuamba, M. (2014). Optimal Tank Design in Water Distribution Networks: Review of Literature and Perspectives. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 140(2), 136-145. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000256Kurek, W., & Ostfeld, A. (2013). Multi-objective optimization of water quality, pumps operation, and storage sizing of water distribution systems. Journal of Environmental Management, 115, 189-197. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.030Sarbu, I. (2016). A Study of Energy Optimisation of Urban Water Distribution Systems Using Potential Elements. Water, 8(12), 593. doi:10.3390/w8120593Gómez, E., Cabrera, E., Balaguer, M., & Soriano, J. (2015). Direct and Indirect Water Supply: An Energy Assessment. Procedia Engineering, 119, 1088-1097. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.941Hamidat, A., & Benyoucef, B. (2009). Systematic procedures for sizing photovoltaic pumping system, using water tank storage. Energy Policy, 37(4), 1489-1501. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.014Ould Amrouche, S., Rekioua, D., Rekioua, T., & Bacha, S. (2016). Overview of energy storage in renewable energy systems. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(45), 20914-20927. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.06.243Üçtuğ, F. G., & Azapagic, A. (2018). Environmental impacts of small-scale hybrid energy systems: Coupling solar photovoltaics and lithium-ion batteries. Science of The Total Environment, 643, 1579-1589. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.290Rydh, C. J., & Sandén, B. A. (2005). Energy analysis of batteries in photovoltaic systems. Part I: Performance and energy requirements. Energy Conversion and Management, 46(11-12), 1957-1979. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2004.10.003Todde, G., Murgia, L., Deligios, P. A., Hogan, R., Carrelo, I., Moreira, M., … Narvarte, L. (2019). Energy and environmental performances of hybrid photovoltaic irrigation systems in Mediterranean intensive and super-intensive olive orchards. Science of The Total Environment, 651, 2514-2523. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.175Ghorbanian, V., Karney, B., & Guo, Y. (2016). Pressure Standards in Water Distribution Systems: Reflection on Current Practice with Consideration of Some Unresolved Issues. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 142(8), 04016023. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000665Giustolisi, O., Savic, D., & Kapelan, Z. (2008). Pressure-Driven Demand and Leakage Simulation for Water Distribution Networks. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 134(5), 626-635. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:5(626)Cabrera, E., Pardo, M. A., Cabrera, E., & Arregui, F. J. (2012). Tap Water Costs and Service Sustainability, a Close Relationship. Water Resources Management, 27(1), 239-253. doi:10.1007/s11269-012-0181-3Vindel, J. M., Polo, J., & Zarzalejo, L. F. (2015). Modeling monthly mean variation of the solar global irradiation. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 122, 108-118. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2014.11.008Balling, R. C., Gober, P., & Jones, N. (2008). Sensitivity of residential water consumption to variations in climate: An intraurban analysis of Phoenix, Arizona. Water Resources Research, 44(10). doi:10.1029/2007wr006722Hoekstra, A. Y., Mekonnen, M. M., Chapagain, A. K., Mathews, R. E., & Richter, B. D. (2012). Global Monthly Water Scarcity: Blue Water Footprints versus Blue Water Availability. PLoS ONE, 7(2), e32688. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032688Kleiner, Y., & Rajani, B. (2001). Comprehensive review of structural deterioration of water mains: statistical models. Urban Water, 3(3), 131-150. doi:10.1016/s1462-0758(01)00033-4Cabrera, E., Pardo, M. A., Cobacho, R., & Cabrera, E. (2010). Energy Audit of Water Networks. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 136(6), 669-677. doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0000077Ebara Grupos de Presión Automáticos http://www.ebara.e

The Spanish tobacco tax loopholes and their consequences

Objectives: The Spanish Government has strengthened tobacco control policies since 2005, including changes in tobacco taxes. Because these changes have targeted cigarettes mainly, the tobacco industry has marketed cheaper alternative tobacco products, offering smokers the possibility to down-trade. This paper traces the evolution of patterns of demand for cigarettes and other tobacco products in Spain over the period 2005-2011 in order to assess the impact of such tax loopholes. Methods: We use data on tobacco products prices and sales as well as changes in the structure and levels of tobacco taxes to relate tax changes to price changes and subsequent market share changes. Results: Tax reforms have lifted the bottom end of the cigarette price distribution, but the industry has been successful in marketing fine cut tobacco at cheap prices. There have been partial attempts to correct this asymmetric tax treatment, but these have not avoided a remarkable increase in the market share of fine cut tobacco. The absence of a minimum tax on quantity for the rest of tobacco products allows the industry to place them as potential future down-trading vehicles. Conclusions: In order to address public health objectives, tax policies should aim to equalise the cost of smoking across different tobacco products. Otherwise the tobacco industry can exploit tax loopholes to market cheap alternatives to cigarettes. This requires all tobacco products to bear a minimum tax on quantity, whose levels need to be adjusted in order to reflect the equivalence between different forms of smoking.Support by Ministerio de Educación, project ECO2008-06395-C05-04, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund, and Fundación Séneca through project 08646/PHCS/08 is gratefully acknowledged (A. López-Nicolás and MB. Cobacho). Support by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain (RTICC RD06/0020/0089) and Ministry of Universities and Research, Government of Catalonia (Grant 2009SGR192) is gratefully acknowledged (E. Fernández)

The Spanish tobacco tax loopholes and their consequences

Objectives: The Spanish government has strengthened tobacco control policies since 2005, including changes in tobacco taxes. Because these changes have targeted cigarettes mainly, the tobacco industry has marketed cheaper alternative tobacco products, offering smokers the possibility to downtrade. This paper traces the evolution of patterns of demand for cigarettes and other tobacco products in Spain over the period 2005-2011 in order to assess the impact of such tax loopholes. Methods: The authors use data on tobacco products prices and sales as well as changes in the structure and levels of tobacco taxes to relate tax changes to price changes and subsequent market share changes. Results: Tax reforms have lifted the bottom end of the cigarette price distribution, but the industry has been successful in marketing fine-cut tobacco at cheap prices. There have been partial attempts to correct this asymmetric tax treatment, but these have not avoided a remarkable increase in the market share of fine-cut tobacco. The absence of a minimum tax on quantity for the rest of tobacco products allows the industry to place them as potential future downtrading vehicles. Conclusions: In order to address public health objectives, tax policies should aim to equalise the cost of smoking across different tobacco products. Otherwise the tobacco industry can exploit tax loopholes to market cheap alternatives to cigarettes. This requires all tobacco products to bear a minimum tax on quantity, whose levels need to be adjusted in order to reflect the equivalence between different forms of smoking

Beyond the Altruistic Donor: Embedding Solidarity in Organ Procurement Policies

Altruism and solidarity are concepts that are closely related to organ donation for transplantation. On the one hand, they are typically used for encouraging people to donate. On the other hand, they also underpin the regulations in force in each country to different extents. They are often used indistinctly and equivocally, despite the different ethical implications of each concept. This paper aims to clarify to what extent we can speak of altruism and solidarity in the predominant models of organ donation. It also raises the ethical question of whether these categories are adequate as a basis for such models, bearing in mind that organs are a scarce resource and that a shortage of them may mean that fewer lives are saved or improved.INEDyTO [Investigation on the Ethics of Organ Donation and Transplantation]Spanish Government European Commission MINECO FFI2017-88913-P"Bioethics and end-of-life practices" (INEDyTOII) MINECO PID2020-118729RBSpanish Government FPU19/06027La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/DR20/1179000

Death pluralism: a proposal

Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE‑CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This paper has been funded by the INEDyTO II project PID2020‑118729RB‑I00, by the Dead Bodies project PID2020‑119717GA‑I00 and by the Banc Sabadell foundation.The debate over the determination of death has been raging for more than fifty years. Since then, objections against the diagnosis of brain death from family members of those diagnosed as dead-have been increasing and are causing some countries to take novel steps to accommodate people's beliefs and preferences in the determination of death. This, coupled with criticism by some academics of the brain death criterion, raises some questions about the issues surrounding the determination of death. In this paper, we discuss some of the main approaches to death determination that have been theoretically proposed or currently put into practice and propose a new approach to death determination called "weak pluralism" as a reasonable ethical and political alternative to respect diversity in death determination.CRUE‑CSICINEDyTO II: PID2020‑118729RB‑I00Dead Bodies PID2020‑119717GA‑I00Banc Sabadell foundatio

Unreported leaks location using pressure and flow sensitivity in water distribution networks

[EN] Water distribution systems are made up of many interdependent elements that enable water supply to meet a demand that is variable in time and space. One of the main concerns for utility managers is quickly locating and repairing a leak after detection, during regular network water balance. This paper presents a two-stage methodology for locating a leak that is based on the hydraulic model of the network, and, particularly, on the conservation equations that govern network behaviour. In the first stage, the sensitivity of each element (nodes and pipes) is obtained for a given demand increase in any node. In the second stage, that sensitivity is combined with additional real data provided by the (possibly) existing pressure sensors and flowmeters installed throughout the network. As a final result, the system of equations thus obtained produces the theoretical leak flow at each network node that matches the network conditions. A subsequent analysis of the leak flows obtained highlights the node or nodes in which the leak is occurring. The presented methodology is applied and assessed in a case study.Salguero Barceló, FJ.; Cobacho Jordán, R.; Pardo Picazo, MA. (2019). Unreported leaks location using pressure and flow sensitivity in water distribution networks. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply. 19(1):11-18. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.048S111819

Una alternativa de software gratuito para la docencia mediante presentaciones multimedia

Las presentaciones multimedia constituyen una herramienta de gran importancia para la docencia semipresencial en el ámbito universitario, ya que además de incorporar la posibilidad de ser utilizadas a través de Internet, conservan algunas de las ventajas de las clásicas lecciones magistrales, lo que permite una evolución no traumática del profesorado y del alumnado desde las técnicas docentes tradicionales hacia los nuevos sistemas de enseñanza. La generalización del uso de este medio docente se encuentra obstaculizada por algunas particularidades del programa informático más extendido para la creación y visualización de presentaciones, Microsoft PowerPoint. A pesar de las indiscutibles ventajas de este programa en cuanto a facilidad de manejo, éste presenta notables inconvenientes para la difusión en Internet de las presentaciones generadas con él, como es el elevado tamaño de los archivos resultantes y los problemas de compatibilidad con gran número de sistemas informáticos e incluso con otras versiones del mismo programa, a lo que se suma su escasa adaptación a la inserción de fórmulas y caracteres matemáticos, algo indispensable en materias próximas a la Economía o las Matemáticas. En este trabajo se analizan las capacidades de un software gratuito de reciente implantación, Beamer, para la creación de presentaciones multimedia en formato PDF. Este nuevo paquete informático que aquí se analiza mantiene las premisas de que los resultados obtenidos poseen una calidad gráfica similar a la de PowerPoint, pero además de no compartir con éste las desventajas citadas anteriormente, presenta la gran ventaja de ser un software de acceso gratuito