THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATION

This article provides a historical review, which describes the implementation of the competence-oriented education. The author traces the several stages of its formation and describes the characteristic features. Starting with the very first application of the competency-based approaches within the linguistic education, proceeding to the next stages of acknowledgment and integration in other fields. Finally, after discussing the purpose, goals and influences of the competency-based education approach, the author makes an attempt to uncover the need of introducing the competency-based approach in all fields of education

THE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPETENCY-BASED EDUCATION

This article provides a historical review, which describes the implementation of the competence-oriented education. The author traces the several stages of its formation and describes the characteristic features. Starting with the very first application of the competency-based approaches within the linguistic education, proceeding to the next stages of acknowledgment and integration in other fields. Finally, after discussing the purpose, goals and influences of the competency-based education approach, the author makes an attempt to uncover the need of introducing the competency-based approach in all fields of education

Features of the Control of 12-pulse Compensated Controlled Rectifier

In this paper an overview of improved EMC controlled rectifiers is presented. In addition, characteristics of design of control systems of parallel 12-pulse compensated controlled rectifiers are identified

The Four Prohibitions of Acts 15 and their Common Background in Genesis 1-3

The occasion for this study was the observation that there is no agreed understanding of the theological background of the four prohibitions found in Acts 15:20, which seem to be cultic in their original form. During the Jerusalem Council these four prohibitions were denoted as necessary for keeping, even though Jewish ritual law was not imposed on Gentile converts. If Jews were not liberated from observing the ritual law, the Apostolic Decree would have reflected a compromise between two different forms of the Christian faith. The research methodology is inductive, based on semantic diagrams of relevant passages. Structuring the passages into semantic units and narrative links, plus finding and analyzing pesher-midrash and intertextual links, provides evidence that the Decree was formed against the background of Genesis 1-3. Review of Jewish sources provides historical context for the developed concepts. The study proposes that the Decree should be viewed through the lens of the creation-fall-re-creation paradigm, patterns of the natural law of God in Gen 1-3, and worship motifs. The exegetical study includes a focus on midrash in Acts 15:10-21 with roots in Gen 1-3 that support an explanation provided by the apostles for the proposed list of prohibitions. The description of theological concepts, developed on the basis of Genesis 1:24-3:24, revealed their association with the four prohibitions in the context of true worship. The roles of the ritual and natural laws in Luke-Acts were described and differentiated. Luke’s narratives revealed that the ritual law was fulfilled by Jesus and superceded by faith. The lack of dispute about the natural law of God in Luke-Acts reveals that Luke had no intention of making any changes to it. Finally, it was argued that the four prohibitions of the Decree of Acts 15 represent four patterns of true worship, established on principles of the natural law of God in Gen 1-3. In conclusion, the research proposed a new way of interpreting prohibitions, viewing them in terms of true worship rooted in Gen 1-3 that supports a believer’s conversion from a fallen condition, and for whom God, in Christ, originates a process of re-creation

Efficacy and safety of intravenous chemotherapy during intensive treatment phase in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis

Introduction: The purpose of our study was to examine the efficacy and safety of intravenous chemotherapy during intensivetreatment phase in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB). Material and methods: The study involved 92 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB aged between 20 and 68. All patientswith newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and chemosensitive tuberculosis were enrolled in the study. The patients were allocated totwo groups. The first (control) group of 46 patients received standard chemotherapy orally. The second (main) group consistedof 46 patients who were prescribed isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol by i.v. transfusion, and pyrazinamide orally as a part of thestandard treatment. Results: Symptoms of intoxication and chest manifestations in pulmonary TB patients from the second group were eliminated fasterthan the same symptoms in the group 1. In the group 2, the mycobacterial clearance in sputum smears was reduced more rapidly, and up to2 months it was reached in 37 patients (80.43%), while in the control group in 25 patients (54.35%),p = 0.0066. Destructionhealing and inflitrative change alleviation after 4 months was reached in 38 patients (82.61%) (in control group — 28 (60.87%),(p = 0.0192). No additional negative effects were detected when compared with the control group at any time. Conclusions: Thanks to i.v. chemotherapy, clinical manifestations of the in-patients with pulmonary TB were eliminated faster,severe side effects of anti-TB drugs were not noticed, time of bacterial clearance and healing destruction reduced, healing frequencyof destructions increased and the residual changes decreased

18-Pulse rectifier with electronic phase shifting and pulse width modulation

At present, 12-pulse rectifiers with electronic phase shift are known. Unlike classic rectifiers, they do not use phase-shifting transformers and have a unit power factor. Increasing of the rectifier’s pulse makes it possible to improve the harmonic composition of the input current. This article is devoted to the study of the operation of an 18-pulse rectifier with an electronic phase shift. The use of the principle of electronic phase shift leads to different levels of constant voltage at the output of the rectifiers. The introduction of pulse-width modulation contributes to equalizing the output voltages of the 6-pulse rectifiers which are the parts of the converter. In addition, the use of the pulse-width modulation allows eliminating matching magnetic elements which are used to equalize rectifiers output voltages. This improves the mass and dimension parameters of the converter. The results of modeling are presented

МОТИВ ВЛАСТИ В ИСТОРИОСОФСКОМ ПОЭТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ М.В. ЛОМОНОСОВА

The article defines the role of M. V. Lomonosov as one of the founders of the Russian state poetic historiosophy of the XVIII century. It is concluded that Lomonosov odic works were focused on the reflection of the rapidly changing present, on glorification of the people who carry the idea of enlightened autocratic power and on popularization of the concept about Russian statehood progressive development. It is emphasized that the main historical character of Lomonosov odes becomes Peter I, who acquires the status of a mythologeme, a cultural hero, the figure that stands between the ancient and new history of Russia. It is concluded that in Lomonosov solemn odes there was created the political historiosophy about Russian government for a quarter of a century - from the end of Anna Ioannovna reign to the beginning of Catherine II reign. The picture of "Imperial happiness" emerging in the poet's mind was formed on the basis of mythologism, naturalistic and secularized providential historicism. Lomonosov made the concept of progressive development for Russian statehood and culture of the XVIII century and it was assimilated by all the authors of odes and epic poems for the second half of the century.El artículo define el papel de M. V. Lomonosov como uno de los fundadores de la historiosofía poética estatal rusa del siglo XVIII. Se concluye que los trabajos de Lomonosov se centraron en el reflejo del presente rápidamente cambiante, en la glorificación de las personas que tienen la idea del poder autocrático ilustrado y en la popularización del concepto sobre el desarrollo progresivo del estado ruso. Se enfatiza que el personaje histórico principal de las odas de Lomonosov se convierte en Pedro I, que adquiere el estatus de mitólogo, héroe cultural, la figura que se encuentra entre la historia antigua y nueva de Rusia. Se concluye que en Lomonosov, durante un cuarto de siglo, se creó la historia política del gobierno ruso, desde el final del reinado de Anna Ioannovna hasta el comienzo del reinado de Catalina II. La imagen de la "felicidad imperial" emergente en la mente del poeta se formó sobre la base del mitologismo, el historicismo providencial naturalista y secularizado. Lomonosov hizo el concepto de desarrollo progresivo para la estadidad y cultura rusa del siglo XVIII y fue asimilado por todos los autores de las odas y los poemas épicos de la segunda mitad del siglo.В статье определяется роль М.В. Ломоносова как одного из создателей российской государственной поэтической историософии XVIII века. Заключается, что одические произведения Ломоносова были ориентированы на отражение быстротекущего изменчивого настоящего, на героизацию носителей идеи просвещенной самодержавной власти и на популяризацию концепции прогрессивного развития русской государственности. Подчеркивается, что главным историческим персонажем ломоносовских од становится Петр I, который обретает статус мифологемы, культурного героя, той фигуры, которая стоит как бы между древней и новой историей России. Делается вывод о том, что в торжественных одах Ломоносова создана политическая историософия российской власти за четверть века - от конца царствования Анны Иоанновны до начала правления Екатерины II. Возникающая в сознании поэта картина «имперского счастья» складывалась на основе мифологизма, натуралистического и секуляризованного провиденциального историзма. Созданная Ломоносовым концепция прогрессивного развития русской государственности и культуры XVIII века и была усвоена всеми авторами од и эпических поэм второй половины столетия

The role of pacing rate in the modulation of mechano-induced immediate and delayed changes in the force and Ca-transient of cardiac muscle

Myocardial function is tuned by dynamic changes in length and load via mechano-calcium feedback. This regulation may be significantly affected by heart rhythm. We evaluated the mechano-induced modulation of contractility and Ca-transient (CaT) in the rat myocardium subjected to twitch-by-twitch shortening–re-lengthening (↓–↑) trains of different lengths (N = 1 … 720 cycles) at low (1 Hz) and near-physiological (3.5 Hz) pacing rates. Force/CaT characteristics were evaluated in the first post-train isometric twitch (immediate effect) and during slow changes (delayed maximal elevation/decrease) and compared with those of the pre-train twitch. The immediate inotropic effect was positive for N = 30 … 720 and negative for N = 1 … 20, while the delayed effect was always positive. The immediate and delayed inotropic effects were significantly higher at 3.5-Hz vs 1-Hz (P < 0.05). The prominent inotropism was accompanied by much smaller changes in the CaT diastolic level/amplitude. The shortening–re-lengthening train induced oscillations of the slow change in force at 3.5-Hz (always) and at 1-Hz (∼50% of muscles), which were dependent of the train length and independent of the pacing rate. We suggest that twitch-by-twitch shortening–re-lengthening of cardiac muscle decreases Ca2+ buffering by troponin C and elevates Ca2+ loading of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR); the latter cumulatively depends on the train length. A high pacing rate intensifies the cumulative transient shift in the SR Ca2+ loading, augmenting the post-train inotropic response and prolonging its recovery to the pre-train level. The pacing-dependent mechano-induced inotropic effects remain to be elucidated in the myocardium with impaired Ca handling. © 2020 Elsevier LtdThe study was supported by RFBR grant # 18-04-00572 and by RF Government Act #211 of March 16, 2013 (agreement 02.A03.21.0006 ), and was carried out within the framework of the IIF UrB RAS theme No АААА-А18-118020590031-8