The Role of Expectations in Set Size Evaluations

This research explores whether set-size judgments are assimilated or contrasted with set-size expectations. Participants were told to expect either a limited or extensive set of products, and then faced a limited, moderate, or extensive choice set. Expectations had little effect for the limited or extensive sets, yet significantly modified reactions to the more ambiguous moderate set. Those expecting a sparse set exhibited contrast and viewed the moderate set as highly complete, and overwhelming, with a low choice confidence. Participants expecting an extensive set also exhibited contrast, viewing the moderate set as incomplete and restricted, while expressing high choice confidence

A Survey of Interpreters for Deaf People In The State of Illinois

Non

Trauma ICU Prevalence Project: the diversity of surgical critical care.

Background:Surgical critical care is crucial to the care of trauma and surgical patients. This study was designed to provide a contemporary assessment of patient types, injuries, and conditions in intensive care units (ICU) caring for trauma patients. Methods:This was a multicenter prevalence study of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma; data were collected on all patients present in participating centers' trauma ICU (TICU) on November 2, 2017 and April 10, 2018. Results:Forty-nine centers submitted data on 1416 patients. Median age was 58 years (IQR 41-70). Patient types included trauma (n=665, 46.9%), non-trauma surgical (n=536, 37.8%), medical (n=204, 14.4% overall), or unspecified (n=11). Surgical intensivists managed 73.1% of patients. Of ICU-specific diagnoses, 57% were pulmonary related. Multiple high-intensity diagnoses were represented (septic shock, 10.2%; multiple organ failure, 5.58%; adult respiratory distress syndrome, 4.38%). Hemorrhagic shock was seen in 11.6% of trauma patients and 6.55% of all patients. The most common traumatic injuries were rib fractures (41.6%), brain (38.8%), hemothorax/pneumothorax (30.8%), and facial fractures (23.7%). Forty-four percent were on mechanical ventilation, and 17.6% had a tracheostomy. One-third (33%) had an infection, and over half (54.3%) were on antibiotics. Operations were performed in 70.2%, with 23.7% having abdominal surgery. At 30 days, 5.4% were still in the ICU. Median ICU length of stay was 9 days (IQR 4-20). 30-day mortality was 11.2%. Conclusions:Patient acuity in TICUs in the USA is very high, as is the breadth of pathology and the interventions provided. Non-trauma patients constitute a significant proportion of TICU care. Further assessment of the global predictors of outcome is needed to inform the education, research, clinical practice, and staffing of surgical critical care providers. Level of evidence:IV, prospective observational study

Immune Response among Patients Exposed to Molds

Macrocyclic trichothecenes, mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys chartarum, have been implicated in adverse reactions in individuals exposed to mold-contaminated environments. Cellular and humoral immune responses and the presence of trichothecenes were evaluated in patients with mold-related health complaints. Patients underwent history, physical examination, skin prick/puncture tests with mold extracts, immunological evaluations and their sera were analyzed for trichothecenes. T-cell proliferation, macrocyclic trichothecenes, and mold specific IgG and IgA levels were not significantly different than controls; however 70% of the patients had positive skin tests to molds. Thus, IgE mediated or other non-immune mechanisms could be the cause of their symptoms

ADAPTACYJNY REGULATOR LQR W UKŁADZIE STEROWANIA KĄTEM KURSOWYM I PRĘDKOŚCIĄ STATKU OPISANEGO NIELINIOWYM MODELEM DYNAMICZNYM MIMO

In the paper an adaptive control system for the nonlinear 4-DoF model of a container vessel is presented. The considered model of the ship includes input signals saturations and dynamics of actuators. Main goal of the presented control system is control of the course angle and speed of the ship relative to water. The system synthesis is carried out by means of LQ-optimal control method. Sets of controller parameters are designed using linearization of the considered model in the nominal steady-state operating points of the ship. The final part of the paper includes simulation results of control system operation with full nonlinear MIMO model of the container vessel.W artykule zaprezentowano adaptacyjny układ sterowania kątem kursowym i prędkością statku opisanego nieliniowym modelem dynamicznym MIMO (ang. Multi-input, Multi-Output) o czterech stopniach swobody ruchu (ang. Four-Degrees-of-Freedom, 4-DoF). Przedstawiony model statku jest silnie nieliniowy i uwzględnia nie tylko ograniczenia saturacyjne sygnałów sterujących ale także dynamikę maszyny sterowej i napędu głównego. Głównym zadaniem zaprojektowanego adaptacyjnego regulatora LQR jest sterowanie kątem kursowym statku i jego prędkością względem wody. Poszczególne zestawy parametrów regulatora użyte w procesie adaptacji zostały wyznaczone na podstawie linearyzacji modelu statku w wybranych nominalnych punktach pracy. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych zaprojektowanego regulatora w układzie z pełnym nieliniowym modelem statku

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Towards Body Images

This study examined the differences of men\u27s and women\u27s implicit and explicit attitudes towards three constructs of body images: muscular, obese, and skinny. Participants were 101 volunteers and included 31 male and 70 female college students attending Western Kentucky University. Age of the participants ranged from 18 to 59 years, with a mean of 21.23 years (SD = 6.47). All participants were given a questionnaire with a series of male and female body images along a continuum of obese-skinny-muscular. Participants were asked to first identify their current body image and then their ideal body image. They were then asked to rank the different male and female body images from 1 (least desirable) to 9 (most desirable). Participants were then given a series of computer implicit association tests (IAT) that presented pictures supporting constructs of: muscular, obese, and skinny. These constructs were paired equally with words that supported constructs of good and bad. The mean scores of each pairings were compared and then computed using Cohen\u27s d against each other and then against the ranked results of the questionnaire. The IAT software prevented the differentiating between the three constructs the dimensional factors of men and women. As a result, our desired implicit constructs were not valid. The first hypothesis under study was that men and women will make more positive implicit attributions for the socially ideal body shapes (muscular men and thin women). The data generated were not suitable to challenge this hypothesis. The second hypothesis was that men and women will make more negative implicit attributions for body shapes that deviate from the ideal body shape (obese men and women, muscular women and thin men). The data generated were also not suitable to challenge this hypothesis. The final hypothesis was that men and women will differ in their implicit and explicit attitudes toward body shapes, especially those that deviate from the social ideal. Men (M = 14.86; SD = 1.94) and women (M = 9.01; SD = 2.92, P = \u3c.001) did differ in their explicit attitudes towards male images. There were no significant differences in either men\u27s or women\u27s explicit attitudes towards female body images and their implicit attitudes were not correctly assessed

Attitudinal effects of Intergenerational Programs on gifted students

Applied Behavioral Studie