Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five "aegilops" l. species in Morocco

Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco.The genus Aegilops L. represents an important natural source of useful genes for wheat breeding, with particular emphasis on biotic and abiotic stress resistance. For successful crosses, the primarily step is to select appropriate Aegilops accessions. In this paper, we studied five Moroccan species of an Aegilops collection on the basis of spike structure and chromosome number. Twenty-eight specific morphological characters were used to differentiate the species. Statistical analyses, in particular the DFA, allowed the characterization of the genetic variability of the species; the two first standardized axes explained 96,2% of the total variability and 100% of the entities were classified within their own group. In addition, the dendrogram constructed using morphological data reveals a significant variability within and between species. Cytogenetic study revealed four species, A. geniculata Roth, A. triuncialis L., A. ventricosa Tausch and A. peregrina Maire & Weiller, to be tetraploid. However, A. neglecta Req. ex. Bertol., where only two accessions are represented in the collection, revealed to be hexaploid, and can then be classified as A. neglecta subsp. recta Chennav

Crossover soft-SAFT modelling of the CO2+NO2/N2O4 mixture

Accurate thermo-physical properties are mandatory for all industrial applications. However, experimental data are often scarce and models are needed for the estimation of properties. Such is the case in supercritical processes like the selective oxidation of vegetal macromolecules in mixture NO2/N2O4 – supercritical CO2 aiming at producing body-degradable polymers readily usable for inside body surgery. The so-called crossover soft-SAFT equation of state is used to model the pure compounds and the mixture. The quadrupolar effect is explicitly considered when modeling carbon dioxide, obtaining excellent agreement for the whole phase equilibrium diagram. NO2 is modeled as a self associating molecule with a single association site. Finally, CO2 and NO2 pure compound parameters are used to predict the vapor – liquid coexistence of the CO2 + NO2 / N2O4 mixture at different temperatures. Experimental pressure – CO2 mass fraction isotherms recently measured are used for comparison. Good agreement is obtained with the use of a unique binary parameter, independent of thermodynamic conditions, although more experimental data would be useful to conclude about the accuracy of the calculation

Deictic directionality and Space in BerberA typological survey of the semantics of =d and =nn

Berber languages use the directionals =d and =nn to specify the deictic path of motion verbs. These clitics occur with a range of verbs from other semantic classes (e.g. change of state verbs, verbs of vision and perception), with which they can be attributed different meanings. The first goal of this paper is to provide a cross-dialectal description of these meanings. The second goal is to show the role of verbal semantics in their constructions and the overall distribution of the clitics. Adopting Talmy’s framework (2000) of lexicalisation of semantic concepts, linked to the domain of space and motion, I propose that the particular meaning components lexicalised by the modified verb govern the occurrence of the clitics and their particular meaning.Directionalité déictique et espace en berbère. Un survol typologique de la sémantique de =d et =nn Dans les langues berbères, la trajectoire déictique des verbes de mouvement est marquée par les clitiques directionnels =d et =nn. Ces clitiques se trouvent avec de nombreux verbes d’autres classes lexicales (ex : verbes de changement d’état, verbes de vision et perception), où différents sens leurs sont attribués. Le premier but de cet article est de présenter une description pan-berbère de ces sens. Le deuxième est de démontrer le rôle de la sémantique verbale dans la distribution des clitiques. Adoptant la théorie de lexicalisation de concepts sémantiques, liés notamment au domaine de l’espace, développée par Talmy (2000), il est proposé que le type de concepts lexicalisés par le verbe modifié gouverne la présence des clitiques et leur sémantique

Modeling the vapor-liquid equilibrium and association of nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetroxide and its mixtures with carbon dioxide

We have used in this work the crossover soft-SAFT equation of state to model nitrogen dioxide/dinitrogen tetraoxide (NO2/N2O4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and their mixtures. The prediction of the vapor – liquid equilibrium of this mixture is of utmost importance to correctly assess the NO2 monomer amount that is the oxidizing agent of vegetal macromolecules in the CO2 + NO2 / N2O4 reacting medium under supercritical conditions. The quadrupolar effect was explicitly considered when modeling carbon dioxide, enabling to obtain an excellent description of the vapor-liquid equilibria diagrams. NO2 was modeled as a self associating molecule with a single association site to account for the strong associating character of the NO2 molecule. Again, the vapor-liquid equilibrium of NO2 was correctly modeled. The molecular parameters were tested by accurately predicting the very few available experimental data outside the phase equilibrium. Soft-SAFT was also able to predict the degree of dimerization of NO2 (mimicking the real NO2/N2O4 situation), in good agreement with experimental data. Finally, CO2 and NO2 pure compound parameters were used to predict the vapor – liquid coexistence of the CO2 + NO2 / N2O4 mixture at different temperatures. Experimental pressure – CO2 mass fraction isotherms recently measured were well described using a unique binary parameter, independent of the temperature, proving that the soft-SAFT model is able to capture the non-ideal behavior of the mixture

LES INVESTISSEMENTS ECONOMIQUES DES RESSORTISSANTS MAROCAINS A L\u27ETRANGER DANS LES PETITES VILLES DU SOUSS

Economic Investment by Moroccan Nationals Abroad in the Small Towns of Souss Migrations in the Souss are characterized by their diversity and their historical origin. These are migrations oriented for several centuries towards foreign countries and the interior of the country. Domestically, the chleuhs (Soussis) are present in the various towns as traders. As for external emigration, they (the Soussis) have been moving for a very long time towards Sudan (Sub-Saharan Africa); and at the beginning of the 20th century, they were attracted by agricultural colonization in Algeria. But the most important movement of the Soussis abroad is that which is oriented towards Europe since the establishment of the French Protectorate in Morocco from 1912