Diet variation in Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)

Diet composition and feeding are crucial for assessing fish species ecological role, population dynamics, and overall ecosystem health. It provides insights into fish’s functional role within the food web, and it contributes to their energy acquisition, overall survival, growth, and reproductive success. Barents Sea haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) is an important commercial species in the Barents Sea, but there are few comprehensive studies and documentation on haddock stomach contents. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing haddock stomach data from 1984 to 2019, providing an overview of the haddock diet. Additionally, the year 2009 was studied in detail to explore the geographic variation diet composition and feeding success of Barents Sea haddock. To test for competition, the effect of density of haddock on the proportion of empty stomachs and the Total Fullness Index (TFI) was analyzed. For all years, the main prey categories found in haddock stomachs were Crustacea and Echinodermata. However, in 2009, the dominant prey category was Annelida. A significant difference was observed in the proportion of empty stomachs among the different areas in the Barents Sea, with the southwest having more empty stomachs compared to the southeast and northwest. The prey categories Annelida, Mollusca, and Crustacea were most found in the southeast, while Echinodermata was more prevalent in the northwest. As the size of haddock increased, the probability of empty stomachs decreased, with the southwest area having the highest probability. Additionally, larger haddock had a higher likelihood of containing Annelida, Mollusca, and others prey types in their stomachs. In the southeast area, there was a significant negative effect of haddock density on stomach fullness. My research contributes to a better understanding of haddock diet and address knowledge gaps about the Barents Sea haddock population where information on stomach content has been lacking. Improved knowledge of their diet is crucial for future management and conservation efforts.Masteroppgave i biologiBIO399MAMN-BIOMAMN-HAVS

Consuming the daily recommended amounts of dairy products would reduce the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes in the United States: diet modelling study based on NHANES 2007–2010

Background: A large portion of Americans are not meeting the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for several essential vitamins and minerals due to poor dietary choices. Dairy products are a key source of many of the nutrients that are under consumed, but children and adults do not consume the recommended amounts from this food group. This study modelled the impact of meeting daily recommended amounts of dairy products on population-based nutrient intakes.Methods: Two-day 24-h dietary recalls collected from participants ≥2 years (n = 8944) from the 2007–2010 What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed. Databases available from the WWEIA/NHANES and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) were used to determine nutrient, food group, and dietary supplement intakes. Modelling was performed by adding the necessary number of dairy servings, using the dairy composite designed by USDA, to each participant’s diet to meet the dairy recommendations outlined by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. All analyses included sample weights to account for the NHANES survey design.Results: The majority of children 4 years and older (67.4–88.8 %) and nearly all adults (99.0–99.6 %) fall below the recommended 2.5-3 daily servings of dairy products. Increasing dairy consumption to recommended amounts would result in a significant reduction in the percent of adults with calcium, magnesium, and vitamin A intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) when considering food intake alone (0–2.0 vs. 9.9–91.1 %; 17.3–75.0 vs. 44.7–88.5 %; 0.1–15.1 vs. 15.3–48.0 %, respectively), as well as food and dietary supplement intake. Minimal, but significant, improvements were observed for the percent of people below the EAR for vitamin D (91.7 99.9 vs. 91.8–99.9 %), and little change was achieved for the large percentage of people below the Adequate Intake for potassium.Conclusions: Increasing dairy food consumption to recommended amounts is one practical dietary change that could significantly improve the population’s adequacy for certain vitamins and minerals that are currently under-consumed, as well as have a positive impact on health.Keywords: Nutrients; Nutrient adequacy; Dairy; Nutrition and health; NHANE

Between History and Heritage : Forests and Mountains as a Figurative Space for Revitalizing the Past in the Works of Ōe Kenzaburō

「日本研究」再考 : 北欧の実践からRethinking "Japanese Studies" from Practices in the Nordic Region, コペンハーゲン大学, 2012年8月22日-24

Strategisk læring. Læringsstrategier, motivasjon og selvregulering hos minoritetsspråklige voksne

Mastergradsoppgave i tilpasset opplæring, Avdeling for lærerutdanning og naturvitenskap, Høgskolen i Hedmark, 2013Dette er en kvalitativ studie med følgende problemstilling: Hvilke språklæringsstrategier bruker voksne minoritetsspråklige norskkursdeltagere utenfor klasserommet, og hva bidrar til deres motivasjon og selvregulering for å lære norsk. Det er brukt tre informanter. Datainnsamlingsmetoder er skygging, semistrukturert intervju og klasseromsobservasjon. Funnene er kategorisert ved hjelp av Weinstein et als modell for strategisk læring og delt inn i hukommelsesstrategier, elaboreringsstrategier, overvåkingsstrategier, kommunikasjonsstrategier og digitale ferdigheter. Funnene er drøftet i lys av sosiokulturell og sosial kognitiv teori og sentrale teoretikere er Lev Vygotsky og Albert Bandura. Teori om strategisk læring er hentet primært fra Eyvind Elstad og Are Turmo. Oppgaven konkluderer med at det kan se ut som noen minoritetsspråklige voksne norskkursdeltagere med liten skolebakgrunn mangler noen av de strategiene som trengs for å få fullt utbytte av norskkurset. For denne gruppen deltagere kan det muligens være positivt å fokusere på sosiale strategier, slik at deltagerne blir i stand til å skaffe seg gode språklige modeller som kan bidra til å øke deres andrespråkstilegnelse. Disse strategiene må trenes i klasserommet sammen med læreren, til deltagerne blir i stand til å bruke dem på egenhånd, såkalt scaffolding. Sentralt i informantenes motivasjon for å lære norsk, var ønsket om en jobb, økonomisk trygghet og egen bolig for seg og familiemedlemmer, og mye tyder på at deltagerens relasjon til læreren også har betydning for motivasjon og selvregulering hos norskkursdeltagere.Title: Learning strategies, motivation and self-regulation in adult second language education This is a qualitative study with the following question: Which language learning strategies do adult second language learners use outside the classroom, and what contributes to their motivation and self-regulation to learn Norwegian. Data collection methods are shadowing, semi-structured interviews and classroom observation. The findings are categorized by Weinstein et al's model of strategic learning and divided into memory strategies, strategies that organize knowledge, monitoring strategies, communication strategies and digital skills. The findings are discussed in light of socio-cultural and social cognitive theory, and key researchers are Lev Vygotsky and Albert Bandura. The theory of strategic learning is derived primarily from Eyvind Elstad and Are Turmo. The paper concludes that it may appear that adult participants of second language education with little schooling, lacks some of the strategies needed to take full advantage of the education. For this group of participants, it would probably be positive to focus on social strategies, so that they are able to meet models that can help them increase their second language skills. These strategies must be trained in the classroom with the teacher, with the use of so-called scaffolding, before the participants will be able to use them on their own. Essential to the informants' motivation to learn Norwegian, was the desire for a job, financial security and a self-owned residence for themself and their family members. There are also indications of that the participant's relationship with the teacher affect the motivation and self-regulation of participants of second language education

Ungdom med diabetes type 1 - mestring av dagliglivets utfordringer

SAMMENDRAG Bakgrunn: Diabetes type 1 er en sykdom som rammer mange barn og ungdommer. Sykdommen krever flere daglige tilpasninger. Ungdommer med diabetes opplever ofte både fysiske og psykiske utfordringer i dagliglivet. Ved å utarbeide gode mestringsstrategier i tidlig alder, kan en skape et godt grunnlag for resten av livet. Sykdommen krever oppfølging fra helsepersonell. Sykepleiere kan derfor være en viktig ressurs til å hjelpe ungdommen å mestre utfordringene de opplever i dagliglivet. Hensikt: Hensikten er å belyse utfordringer ungdommer med diabetes type 1 kan oppleve i dagliglivet. Videre diskuterer vi hvordan sykepleiere kan hjelpe ungdommene med å mestre disse utfordringene. Metode: Oppgaven er en integrativ litteraturoversikt, der vi har benyttet oss av fire kvalitative forskningsartikler og utført analyse etter Fribergs (2022) analysemodell. Sammen med resultater fra utvalgte forskningsstudier er oppgaven bygget på faglig teori, lovverk, retningslinjer, diskusjoner og egne refleksjoner. Resultat: Resultatene viser at ungdommer har et stort behov for selvstendighet og ofte opplever rollekonflikt med foreldre ved sykdomshåndteringen. Ungdommene opplever også frykt for komplikasjoner og føler et behov for mer kunnskap og erfaring om sykdomshåndtering. Videre diskuterer vi hvordan sykepleiere kan være en viktig ressurs, da de kan hjelpe ungdommene å benytte seg av ulike mestringsstrategier, slik at de lettere kan mestre utfordringene i dagliglivet. Nøkkelord: Diabetes type 1, ungdommer, mestring, mestringsstrategier, utfordringer, dagliglivet, selvhåndtering, integrativ litteraturoversik

Cognitive decline in dementia with Lewy bodies: a 5-year prospective cohort study

OBJECTIVES: We report the cognitive decline in persons diagnosed with mild dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) during 5 years of annual follow-ups. METHODS: Patients were recruited into the study from geriatric, psychiatric and neurology clinics in Western Norway during 2005–2013. They were diagnosed according to clinical consensus criteria, based on standardised clinical rating scales. Autopsy-based diagnoses were available for 20 cases. Cognitive decline for up to 5 years was assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Survival analysis including Cox regression (time to reach severe dementia) and linear mixed-effects (lme) modelling were used to model the decline on MMSE. RESULTS: At least one follow-up assessment was available for 67 patients with DLB and 107 patients with AD, with a median follow-up time of 4.3 years. The time to reach severe dementia was significantly shorter in DLB (median 1793 days) compared with AD (1947 days; p=0.033), and the difference remained significant in the multiple Cox regression analysis (HR=2.0, p<0.02). In the adjusted lme model, MMSE decline was faster in DLB (annual decline 4.4 points) compared with AD (3.2 points; p<0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that from the mild dementia stage, patients with DLB have a more rapid cognitive decline than in AD. Such prognostic information is vital for patients and families and crucial for planning clinical trials and enabling health economic modelling