Localization of an experimental hypothalamic and midbrain syndrome simulating sleep

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49959/1/901000309_ftp.pd

Gender Differences in Treatment Seeking Gamblers with a Comorbid Eating Disorder

Abstract: Recent literature suggests that gambling and eating disorders may co-occur more frequently than once thought. However, no studies have directly examined whether gender differences exist in comorbid gambling and eating disorders. The present study investigated gender differences in current gambling behaviors, gambling severity, gambling-related cognitive distortions, and psychiatric comorbidities in dual-diagnosed participants. The sample consisted of 349 treatment-seeking gamblers at a university hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Gambling disorder and other psychiatric comorbidities were assessed via comprehensive clinical interviews. Of the total sample, 43 participants met criteria for both a gambling and eating disorder, and subsequently completed a series of self-report measures to evaluate gambling behaviours, gambling severity, and cognitive distortions related to gambling. No gender differences were found in any gambling variables. In contrast, several gender differences were found in current psychiatric co-morbidities. Although women were more likely to have an eating disorder diagnosis (n = 28; 8.0%) than men (n = 15; 4.3%), men were more likely to report comorbid depression, alcohol use disorder, and compulsive sexual behaviors. The gender differences observed provide further evidence for the need to consider gender-specific patterns of presentation in treatment for eating and gambling disorders. Implications: The greater psychopathology observed in male versus female gamblers with an eating disorder may call for clinicians to carefully consider and screen for other associated psychological problems in this population and to incorporate brief eating disorder screens such as the ‘SCOFF clinical prediction guide’ within gambling intervention programs

Binge Eating and Gambling Are Prospectively Associated with Common and Distinct Deficits in Emotion Regulation among Community Women

This study compared facets of emotion regulation associated prospectively with binge eating and problem gambling to elucidate similarities and differences between eating pathology and a behavioral addiction. Women from the community (N = 202) who engaged in at-risk binge eating (n = 79), at-risk gambling (n = 36), or both behaviors (n = 87) completed four online assessments over six months. Baseline and six-month surveys assessed self-reported emotion dysregulation (including negative urgency and positive urgency), binge eating, and gambling; the abbreviated two- and four-month surveys assessed binge eating and gambling only. Binge eating and problem gambling were both associated with emotion dysregulation. However, greater positive urgency was associated with increased gambling involvement and more severe problem gambling, yet slower increases in eating-related impairment over time. Negative urgency did not explain unique variance in eating pathology or gambling once other facets of emotion dysregulation were considered, which suggests that previous cross-sectional research may have overestimated the association between negative urgency and both eating pathology and problem gambling. These findings suggest that positive urgency is uniquely associated with increased gambling frequency and severity; therefore, women who engage in at-risk gambling may benefit from interventions that target the regulation of positive emotions. Statement of Implications: Our findings suggest that the experience of strong positive emotions (i.e., ecstatic, excited, overjoyed) could place certain women at greater risk of engaging in gambling than binge eating. Therefore, women who engage in at-risk gambling may benefit from interventions that target the regulation of positive emotions

Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change

This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges

Is binge eating experienced as an addiction

Abstract To ascertain to what degree binge eating is experienced as an addiction, this study examined the proportion of women with bingeeating disorder (BED) whose symptoms met criteria for an addiction. Women (N ¼ 79) with current BED completed a structured telephone interview to assess for symptoms of a modified version of DSM-IV substance dependence and Goodman's [(1990). Addiction: Definition and implications. British Journal of Addiction, 85, 1403-1408] proposed diagnosis of 'addictive disorder'. Most binge eaters (92.4%) met modified DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence, whereas many fewer (40.5%) met Goodman's more restrictive criteria for addictive disorder. Women meeting criteria for addictive disorder had more frequent eating binges than those who did not. Despite certain observed similarities between binge eating and addictions, we argue that BED should remain classified as an eating disorder.

Psychotherapies provided for eating disorders by community clinicians: Infrequent use of evidence-based treatment

Abstract This study describes the psychological interventions used for eating disorders (EDs) by community practitioners. Of 573 clinicians we screened across Alberta, 130 (22.7%) had treated EDs; 118 (90.8%) were interviewed. Clinicians reported varied reasons for psychotherapy choice and diverse training experiences; the primary approaches used varied by education and field. The most common primary approach was eclectic (43.2%), followed by cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT; 22.9%). However, self-reported CBT clinicians used specific CBT techniques infrequently. Half of clinicians incorporated addictions-based techniques. These results indicate that ED treatment provided by community clinicians is varied and generally does not align with evidence-based practice guidelines

The dorsal longitudinal fasciculus in Didelphis virginiana

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49928/1/900760205_ftp.pd

Implantação de grupos operativos na Estratégia Saúde da Família de Presidente Bernardes

A Atenção Básica à Saúde apresenta como uma de suas diretrizes estimular a participação popular, visando sua autonomia e capacidade de autocuidado. Para tal, as ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde são essenciais, especialmente as atividades de grupos operativos. Por ocasião do diagnóstico situacional, observou-se que a Unidade Básica de Saúde prestava atendimento somente de demanda espontânea e de visitas domiciliares e inexistiam grupos operativos, apesar da necessidade educativa de usuários portadores de doenças crônico-degenerativas, mães participantes da puericultura e gestantes. Portanto, este trabalho objetiva elaborar um plano de intervenção para a implantação de grupos operativos voltados para usuários do hiperdia, pré-natal e puericultura, na Estratégia de Saúde da Família Anjos da Saúde do Município de Presidente Bernardes. Foram realizadas uma série de atividades de educação dentro dos grupos operativos criados. A partir dos resultados, pode ser observada mudança satisfatória com a presença de grande parte dos pacientes cadastrados nos grupos operativos, inclusive com relatos de satisfação por parte dos presentes. No Pré-Natal, os grupos operativos fomentaram uma melhor participação das gestantes nas consultas, proporcionando uma assistência clínica mais periódica e humanizada, a aprendizagem da técnica correta de amamentação e a obtenção de orientações gerais. Com o grupo operativo de mães, devido à maior sensibilização sobre os benefícios da puericultura, as crianças passaram a ter acompanhamento do seu crescimento e desenvolvimento de forma seriada e programada, e não mais compareciam à unidade somente se houvesse alguma queixa clínica. No Hiperdia, com a realização do grupo operativo, observou-se maior articulação das atividades de promoção e prevenção de doenças, melhor controle dos níveis pressóricos e da glicemia, bem como melhoria da qualidade de vida. Assim, conclui-se que a implantação dos grupos operativos foi de suma importância para a efetivação dos programas de prevenção e promoção da saúde, devendo estar atrelada à participação efetiva de todos os profissionais da rede para realizar ações integrais e não fragmentadas

Certain phylogenetic anatomical relations of localizing significance for the mammalian central nervous system

No Abstract.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49919/1/900710202_ftp.pd