763 research outputs found
von Laue's Theorem and Its Applications
von Laue's theorem, as well as its generalized form, is strictly proved in
detail for its sufficient and necessary condition (SNC). This SNC version of
Laue's theorem is used to analyze the infinitely extended electrostatic field
produced by a charged metal sphere in free space, and the static field confined
in a finite region of space. It is shown in general that the total (Abraham =
Minkowski) EM momentum and energy for the electrostatic field cannot constitute
a Lorentz four-vector. A derivative von Laue's theorem, which provides a
criterion for a Lorentz invariant, is also presented.Comment: Published version, with "Materials to help reading" attached. 12
pages, 1 figur
Simple relativistic model of a finite-size particle
Soluble model of a relativistic particle describing a bag of matter with
fixed radius held together in perfect balance by a self-consistent combination
of three forces generated by electromagnetic and massive scalar and vector
fields is presented. For realistic values of parameters the bag radius becomes
that of a proton.Comment: 10pages + 3 postscript figures included in the file, uses RevTe
Microscopic dielectric response functions in semiconductor quantum dots
We calculate and model the microscopic dielectric response function for quantum dots using first principle methods. We find that the response is bulklike inside the quantum dots, and the reduction of the macroscopic dielectric constants is a surface effect. We present a model for the microscopic dielectric function which reproduces well the directly calculated results and can be used to solve the Poisson equation in a nanosystem
Time dependence of Bragg forward scattering and self-seeding of hard x-ray free-electron lasers
Free-electron lasers (FELs) can now generate temporally short, high power
x-ray pulses of unprecedented brightness, even though their longitudinal
coherence is relatively poor. The longitudinal coherence can be potentially
improved by employing narrow bandwidth x-ray crystal optics, in which case one
must also understand how the crystal affects the field profile in time and
space. We frame the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction as a set of coupled
waves in order to derive analytic expressions for the spatiotemporal response
of Bragg scattering from temporally short incident pulses. We compute the
profiles of both the reflected and forward scattered x-ray pulses, showing that
the time delay of the wave is linked to its transverse spatial shift
through the simple relationship , where
is the grazing angle of incidence to the diffracting planes. Finally,
we apply our findings to obtain an analytic description of Bragg forward
scattering relevant to monochromatically seed hard x-ray FELs.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure
TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVITY
We investigate whether inertial thermometers moving in a thermal bath behave
as being hotter or colder. This question is directly related to the classical
controversy concerning how temperature transforms under Lorentz
transformations. Rather than basing our arguments on thermodynamical
hypotheses, we perform straightforward calculations in the context of
relativistic quantum field theory. For this purpose we use Unruh-DeWitt
detectors, since they have been shown to be reliable thermometers in
semi-classical gravity. We believe that our discussion helps in definitely
clarifying this issue.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure available upon reques
Statistical Mechanics of the Vicinal Surfaces with Adsorption
We study the vicinal surface with adsorption below the roughening
temperature, using the restricted solid-on-solid model coupled with the Ising
model. By the product-wavefunction renormalization group method, we calculate
the surface gradient and the adsorption coverage as a function of
the Andreev field which makes surface tilt. Combining Monte Carlo
calculations, we show that there emerges effective attraction between the
steps. This attractive interaction leads to instability against step bunching.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, ISSI PDSC-2000, submitted to Surf. Sci. RevTeX
3.1 preprint styl
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