744 research outputs found

    The manager role in relation to the medical profession

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    Background: Managers and physicians have two important roles in healthcare organisations. However, several studies have identified problems in the manager–physician relationship and more knowledge is needed to improve the situation. Using theories on organisation, professions, and role taking to inform thinking, this thesis addresses one aspect of the manager-physician relationship, namely how managers handle their role in relation to the medical profession. This was studied in the context of sickness certification, a frequent and problematic task for many physicians in Sweden. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to increase the knowledge about how managers in Swedish healthcare organisations handle their manager role in relation to the medical profession. Methods: The empirical studies (I-IV) build on one another. Focus group discussions with 26 physicians (I), two questionnaires to all board-certified specialists in Stockholm county (n=2497, resp. n=2208) (II), individual interviews with 18 county council chief executive officers (CEOs) (III), and interviews with 38 healthcare managers (20 clinical department managers (CDMs) and the same18 CEOs as in study III) (IV) constitute the database for the thesis. Qualitative methods were used to analyse data in three of the studies: content analysis (I), grounded theory (III), and linguistic discourse analysis (IV). Descriptive statistics were used in study II. Results: The problems physicians described in their work with sickness certification could be classified into four categories: the design of the social insurance system, the organisation of healthcare, the performance of other stakeholders, and the physicians’ own work situation. Although all of these concern policy issues and managerial responsibility on different structural levels in healthcare, the role of managers was absent in the physicians’ discussions (I). When specifically asked about management of sickness certification issues, the majority reported lack of both substantial management support and a well-established workplace policy (II). With these findings as a point of departure, studies III and IV addressed managers’ role taking. In many ways managers themselves contributed to making the manager role weak and absent in relation to the medical profession (III, IV). The CEOs had a strong focus on physicians and physicians’ behaviour rather than on their own managerial behaviour or that of their subordinate managers. When strategies for managing physicians were addressed, many described physician-specific strategies that led to a paradox of control in relation to the medical profession - the pragmatic strategies helped managers to manage physicians in daily work, but seemed to weaken the manager role in the organisation (III). Few managers used a management-based discourse to construct the manager role. Instead, a profession-based discourse was predominant, where managers frequently used the attributes “physician” or “non-physician” to categorise themselves and other managers in their manager roles. Some managers also combined the two discourses in a “yes, but...” approach to management in the organisation. Expressions of a mutually shared manager community were almost totally missing in the managers’ statements (IV). Conclusions: The results show that managers have a weak, partially absent, and rather ambiguous manager role in relation to the medical profession. How the manager role is handled and regarded within healthcare organisations constitutes part of the organisational conditions for the role taking of managers, physicians, and other healthcare professionals. The findings indicate that there is a need to support healthcare managers in their role taking in the organisation - both those managers who also are physicians, and managers with other underlying professions. Management aspects regarding sickness certification tasks also need to be strengthened. A weak and ambiguous manager role may have negative consequences not only for the work of managers, but also for that of physicians and other healthcare professionals, and for the quality of care

    Oekologische Leistungshonorierung anhand eines Oekopunkte-Systems mit Bieterverfahren

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    The necessity, the points of departure, and the methodology for the remuneration of ecological goods and services are subjects in the current environmental policy. In particular, recent discussion has focused on ecological incentives as an addition to conventional instruments of nature protection. Among such incentives, eco-credits (in German: "Oekopunkte") have been gaining increasing attention. In some cases they already have reached the test stage. Due to restricted governmental funds, however, it remains questionable whether eco-credits will effectively improve the economic efficiency and ecological effectiveness of proposed incentives. In this paper, it will be argued that a bid auction, similar to a variable-rate tender procedure, would improve the efficiency and effectiveness of eco-credits. Considering eco-credits in terms of efficiency indicators, it is proposed that eco-credits be acquired according to a voluntary payment, rather than being offered at a fixed price. It is expected that buyers base their voluntary payments on their production-costs which would therefore lead to an improvement of efficiency. This paper analyzes the mechanisms of such a design and applies the concept rudimentarily to the farming industry.Oekopunkte, Leistungshonorierung, Bieterverfahren, Effizienz, Effektivitaet

    Making a Difference in Majuro

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    Inter-organizational collaboration for energy efficiency in the maritime sector: the case of a database project

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    This article explores the complexities of establishing knowledge-sharing practices between organizations through a case study of the creation of a database for energy efficiency measures relevant to the shipping sector. As researchers and policy-makers tend to point towards knowledge sharing and collaboration as means towards a more energy-efficient society, there is a need to better understand the knowledge sharing practices in such initiatives. The study is based upon extensive fieldwork where the first author was recruited to a collaborative network on energy efficiency in the shipping sector, to aid in the development of the collaboration while carrying out participatory-observational research in an ethnographic tradition. The study highlights the need to maintain realistic expectations for new knowledge-sharing collaborations, and the necessity to allow such arrangements to develop over time

    On the mineralogy of the O Casteliño spodumene pegmatite near Lalín, Galicia, Spain

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    [Abstract] The mineralogy of a spodumene-bearing pegmatite from northwestern Spain is briefly described. Analyses of spodumene, tantalite and wodginite are give

    Predictors of Time to Relapse/Recurrence after Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: A Population-Based Cohort Study

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    Objective. The aim of the study is to define predictors of relapse/recurrence after electroconvulsive therapy, ECT, for patients with major depressive disorder. Methods. A study of all patients (n = 486) treated by means of ECT for major depressive disorder was performed. The data were derived from a regional quality register in Sweden. Psychiatric hospitalisation or suicide was used as a marker for relapse/recurrence. Results. The relapse/recurrence rate within one year after ECT was 34%. Factors associated with increased risk of relapse/recurrence included comorbid substance dependence and treatment with benzodiazepines or antipsychotics during the follow-up period. Conclusions. Within the first years after ECT, relapses/recurrences leading to hospitalisation or suicide are common. Treatment with lithium might be beneficial, while benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, or continuation ECT does not seem to significantly reduce the risk of relapse/recurrence

    Fertilitet, mÀnskligt kapital och ekonomisk tillvÀxt

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    Only abstract. Paper copies of master’s theses are listed in the Helka database (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Electronic copies of master’s theses are either available as open access or only on thesis terminals in the Helsinki University Library.Vain tiivistelmĂ€. Sidottujen gradujen saatavuuden voit tarkistaa Helka-tietokannasta (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Digitaaliset gradut voivat olla luettavissa avoimesti verkossa tai rajoitetusti kirjaston opinnĂ€ytekioskeilla.Endast sammandrag. Inbundna avhandlingar kan sökas i Helka-databasen (http://www.helsinki.fi/helka). Elektroniska kopior av avhandlingar finns antingen öppet pĂ„ nĂ€tet eller endast tillgĂ€ngliga i bibliotekets avhandlingsterminaler.I denna avhandling granskas tre modeller i vilka den gemensamma nĂ€mnaren Ă€r fertilitet. Syftet med avhandlingen Ă€r att granska fertilitet bĂ„de ur ett mikro- och ett makroperspektiv. Hur pĂ„verkar ekonomiska faktorer fertiliteten och hur ter sig den ekonomiska tillvĂ€xten dĂ„ mĂ€nskligt kapital orsakar tillvĂ€xten och fertiliteten Ă€r endogen. Fertilitet och befolkningstillvĂ€xtens inverkan pĂ„ ekonomin har intresserat nationalekonomer redan lĂ€nge. Den fortfarande kanske mest kĂ€nda teorin om hur befolkningsökning och ekonomi hĂ€nger samman Ă€r antagligen Thomas Malthus mycket berömda teori frĂ„n 1700-talet. I sin teori argumenterar Malthus för att inkomsterna per person alltid kommer att bibehĂ„llas pĂ„ subsistensnivĂ„. PĂ„ 1960-talet började man granska mĂ„nga fenomen som tidigare ansetts som icke-ekonomiska ur ett mikroekonomiskt perspektiv. Denna utvidgning av nationalekonomins traditionella omrĂ„de omfattade bland annat den produktionen som sker i hemmen i form av t.ex. mĂ„ltider och barn. Gary S. Becker var den första som utvecklade en mikroekonomisk modell om fertilitet. I kapitel tvĂ„ av detta arbete behandlas Beckers och Barros mikroekonomiska modell om fertilitet (1988). Till skillnad frĂ„n tidigare mikroekonomiska modeller om fertilitet införs i denna modell altruism i förĂ€ldrarnas efterfrĂ„gan pĂ„ barn. FörĂ€ldrarna maximerar som en följd av altruismen en dynastisk nyttofunktion och resultatet Ă€r att fertiliteten beror positivt av graden av altruism, barns överlevnadsmöjligheter och den reella rĂ€ntan. Oberoende av om förĂ€ldrarnas motiv för att ha barn Ă€r rent altruistiska eller inte sĂ„ Ă€r barnens kvalitet eller mĂ€ngden mĂ€nskligt kapital som barnen besitter en faktor som pĂ„verkar förĂ€ldrarnas beslut om antalet barn de vill ha. FörĂ€ldrarnas beslut angĂ„ende kvantitet och kvalitet pĂ„ barn kan ej granskas skilt för sig. De endogena tillvĂ€xtmodellerna som började utvecklas pĂ„ 1980-talet undersöker de interna faktorerna i ekonomin som pĂ„verkar tillvĂ€xten bl.a. fertiliteten. Dessa tillvĂ€xtmodeller betonar det mĂ€nskliga kapitalets viktiga roll för den ekonomiska tillvĂ€xten i motsats till de nyklassiska modellerna som sĂ„g den exogent givna teknologiska utvecklingen som den viktigaste orsaken till tillvĂ€xt. De tvĂ„ andra modellerna som granskas i min avhandling Ă€r endogena tillvĂ€xtmodeller vilka bĂ„da anvĂ€nder sig av Beckers och Barros modell om fertilitet och i vilka det mĂ€nskliga kapitalet Ă€r avgörande för den ekonomiska tillvĂ€xten. I Beckers, Murphys och Tamuras modell (1990) utgĂ„r man frĂ„n att avkastningen pĂ„ investeringar i det mĂ€nskliga kapitalet ökar dĂ„ mĂ€ngden mĂ€nskligt kapital ökar. Modellen implicerar tvĂ„ olika samhĂ€llen, ett i vilket det finns lite mĂ€nskligt kapital och fertiliteten Ă€r hög och ett annat i vilket det finns fĂ„ barn och mycket mĂ€nskligt kapital. Till sist diskuteras Nis och Wangs modell (1994) i vilken staten uppbĂ€r inkomstskatt för att finansiera det offentliga skolsystemet

    Undersökning av karstvittring inom KristianstadsslÀttens NV randomrÄde och bedömning av dess betydelse för grundvattnets sÄrbarhet

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    Under vÄren 2002 undersöktes ett omrÄde vid Vanneberga Àngar vid KristianstadsslÀttens randomrÄde med mÄlet att ge svar pÄ kalkstenens beskaffenhet och dess betydelse för grundvattnets sÄrbarhet. I omrÄdet utfördes resistivitets-, sjÀlvpotential- och VLF-mÀtningar i syfte att hitta vattenförande zoner i kalkstenen. Kartering av skÀrningar och slukhÄl med avseende pÄ karstfenomen gjordes för en diskussion kring eventuella underjordiska gÄngar. Resultaten utifrÄn resistivitetsmÀtningarna kan tolkas som att det kan finnas koncentrerade vattenförande zoner vid dolinen i Vanneberga. Det gÄr ocksÄ att tolka resultaten som att det rÄder risk för att utslÀpp transporteras snabbt vidare ut pÄ KristianstadsslÀtten. OmrÄdet runt dolinen Àr dessutom utsatt för rasrisk. Vidare undersökningar i omrÄdet Àr föreslagna.In the spring of 2002, a region at Vanneberga meadows at Kristianstad Plain peripheral region was examined with respect to provide answers of the limestone nature and its significance for groundwater vulnerability. The area was examined with resistivity-, SP- and VLF measurements in order to find water-bearing structures in the limestone. Mapping of karst phenomena were made for the discussion of underground cavities. The results showed that hydraulic conductive anomalies can be interpreted from resistivity analysis and that there may be conductive cavities at the dolin in Vanneberga. It is also possible to interpret the results as a risk that emissions may be transported quickly out to the Kristianstad Plain. The area around the dolin is additionally exposed to risk of collapse. Further investigations are proposed.Geofysik kan skydda grundvattnet Det rÄder risk för att eventuella utslÀpp vid vÀg 21 kan transporteras snabbt vidare ut pÄ KristianstadsslÀtten. Undersökningar vid NÀvlingeÄsens randzon konstaterar detta. Stora vattenflöden har observerats vid Vanneberga Àngar i den kalkrika berggrundens sÄ kallade karstfenomen. Porositeten i kalkstenen vid undersökningsomrÄdet Àr mÀtbart högre Àn i kalksten vid andra undersökta nÀromrÄden. Under vÄren 2002 undersöktes ett omrÄde vid Vanneberga Àngar som ligger vid Kris-tianstadsslÀttens randomrÄde. MÄlet var att ge svar pÄ kalkstenens beskaffenhet och dess betydelse för grundvattnets sÄrbarhet. I omrÄdet utfördes olika typer av geofysiska undersökningar i syfte att hitta vattenförande zoner i kalkstenen. Efter avbildningar av skÀrningar och slukhÄl kunde en diskussion kring eventuella underjordiska gÄngar hÄllas. Geologin Àr unik OmrÄdet ligger vid en förkastningszon i urberget som bestÄr av ögonförande skiffrig gneisgranit. DÄ NÀvlingeÄsen, som Àr det sydvÀstra urbergsblocket, höjdes relativt till det nordöstra Vinslövsblocket under kritatiden avlagrades sediment som glaukonitsand, sandsten och kalksten med fossil som belemniter och foraminiferer. Ovanför dessa avlagringar finner vi idag jordarter bildade vid den senaste istiden. Karstfenomen De karstfenomen som hittats i omrÄdet Àr sÄ kallade avsÀnkningstrattar, alluvialdoliner, med aktiva slukhÄl och slukhÄl som fyllts med sediment. De senare icke aktiva formerna brukar kallas för paleokarst. Det Àr upplösning av kalkstenen som bildat karstfenomenen i sprickor och bankgrÀnser. Kalkstenens lösta joner har följt med regnvattnet vidare ner i grundvattensystemet. Vid Vanneberga Àngar har dessutom jorden ovanför kalkstenen spolats ner i gÄngarna. Geofysiken visar riskerna Resultaten utifrÄn de geofysiska mÀtningarna vid Vanneberga Àngar har tolkats som att det kan finnas koncentrerade vattenförande zoner vid dolinen i Vanneberga. Det gÄr ocksÄ att tolka resultaten som att det rÄder risk för att utslÀpp transporteras snabbt vidare ut pÄ KristianstadsslÀtten. OmrÄdet runt dolinen Àr dessutom utsatt för rasrisk. Vidare under-sökningar i omrÄdet Àr föreslagna

    World Powers and World Revolution: The Year 1917 as a Global Caesura in the Historiography of the Inter-War Period

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    Die Siegel von Rusteberg im 13. Jh.

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