Patrimoines hospitaliers métamorphosés en Bourgogne: archives, architectures, collections (XIIIe - XXe siècles)

This article focuses on the understanding and valorization of hospital patrimonies (archives, architectures, objects). After the 1960s interventions aimed at the humanization of the buildings, and as a result of current economic change, such patrimonies have been affected by decommissions and transformations. We will analyse the inventories, the most suitable support tools to understand hospitals, make decisions about them and perform research based on them. Through the example of the Hôtel-Dieu de Tonnerre, in Burgundy, and other Burgundian hospitals (Beaune, Tournus, Louhans, Auxerre), whose information can be accessed online at the website of the French Ministry of Culture, we will discuss archives, architectures and objects, that is, the sources for the study of hospitals. Our aim is to make clear that understanding them is not only of use to the heuristic approach of the academic world, but also to the practical purpose of transferring knowledge to people.Le propos de cette contribution se centrera sur la problématique scientifique de la connaissance et de la valorisation des patrimoines hospitaliers (archives, architectures, objets), concernés par des opérations de désaffectation et de transformation, suite aux mutations économiques de la période contemporaine, depuis les opérations d’humanisation des hôpitaux dans les années 1960. Elle examinera les outils de cette connaissance, les inventaires, outils d’aide à la compréhension et à la décision autant qu’outils de recherche. A travers l’exemple de l’hôtel Dieu de Tonnerre en Bourgogne1 et celle de quelques autres hôpitaux bourguignons (Beaune, Tournus, Louhans, Auxerre2), dont les notices sont accessibles sur le site du ministère de la culture français,3 on évoquera les sources que constituent les archives, les architectures et les objets. Il s’agit de faire prendre conscience que la connaissance sert non seulement des démarches heuristiques produites par des univers académiques, mais aussi des démarches opérationnelles de transmission des savoirs aux populations contemporaines

Ajuste de los fundamentos del modelo monetario en la determinación del tipo de cambio argentino

The aim of the present work is to examine the adequacy of adjustment of the monetary model in the determination of the Argentine exchange rate and its capacity for short term forecast. The results validate the relations postulated by the monetary model and demonstrate its quality in short run forecast, superior to a random walk model. Additionally, a model that includes a mechanism of correction of the error is examined, which has an extremely rapid speed of adjustment, accounting for more than 99 % of the adjustment within 7 months. Finally some comments on the possibilities of the economic policy are presented.Monetary model, Exchange rate, Argentine purchasing power parity

Sources d'archives publiques conservées aux Archives nationales: quelques jalons de recontextualisation critique de la réforme de l'enseignement en 1968

Présentation des fonds d'archives les plus significatifs pour écrire l'histoire de la réforme des universités et de la loi Faure du 12 novembre 1968

Assessment of physicochemical performance of draw compounds for desalination using multi-criteria analysis

The development of draw compounds for forward osmosis (FO) has been an active area of research. While a few studies have considered draw solutes for FO desalination, these are rarely presented with consistent units for objective performance comparison. To rectify this lack of knowledge, this study objectively compares draw solutes using a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) across a range of physicochemical properties (in consistent units), along with their flux performance when integrated with FO membranes. This analysis reveals that Ionic liquids (IL) have favorable physicochemical characteristics and generally higher flux performance in both nonresponsive and thermally responsive draw solute classes. In particular, magnesium chloride was found to be the optimal non-responsive draw solute. In addition, a diammonium cation-based iodide salt and an oligomer of choline chloride and an itaconic acid mixture were found to achieve the highest water flux of ~15LMH when treating seawater level salinity solutions within thermally responsive draw compounds. The MCA also revealed that hydrogels—particularly those based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)—are promising because they have the best dewatering capability but suffers from low water flux. Overall, we conclude that IL draw solutions and PNIPAM-based hydrogels represent some of the most promising FO draw compounds for future research

New estimates of total factor productivity, technical and efficiency changes for the global agricultural economy

Aim of study: The accuracy of international and intertemporal comparisons of total factor productivity (TFP) growth requires the use of indicators that satisfy transitive and multiplicative properties, such as the Färe-Primont index (FPI). This paper compares the evolution of TFP in global agriculture.Area of study: Worldwide.Material and methods: The evolution of TFP in global agriculture was measured by the traditional Malmquist index (MI) and by the FPI, with alternative measurements of input capital.Main results: We found a significantly lower TFP growth with the FPI. New estimates of TFP growth for 1961-2015 show that output oriented scale-mix efficiency drives TFP growth, with an important technological change between 1996 and 2000 and another in 2014. Regional comparisons reveal heterogeneous trends in efficiency, linked to institutional reforms and agricultural R&D.Research highlights: More realistic figures and global comparisons of agricultural productivity provide a better understanding to implement better policies. Available measures of capital stock do not yield significant differences in TFP estimations, but the precise identification and estimation of the heterogeneous drivers and burdens is fundamental for boosting agricultural productivity and its benefits on global food security

Arnauld De Sartre, Xavier. Agriculture et changements globaux. Expertises globales et situations locales

L’Anthropocène est caractérisé par des changements globaux qui remettent en question notre société contemporaine et dont les impacts nécessitent une prise en charge politique. S’appuyant sur des cas d’étude contemporains en milieu agricole, l’ouvrage de Xavier Arnauld de Sartre propose une lecture ancrée dans la Political Ecology des grandes options envisagées pour permettre de faire face aux enjeux de l’Anthropocène. Ce faisant, il s’appuie sur un mélange subtil de considérations conceptuell..

Ajuste de los Fundamentos del Modelo Monetario en la Determinación del Tipo de Cambio Argentino (1994:1 2005:09)

El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de examinar la calidad de ajuste del modelo monetario en la determinación del tipo de cambio argentino y su capacidad de predicción en el corto plazo. Los hallazgos obtenidos convalidan las relaciones postuladas por el modelo aplicado y muestran una calidad de predicción en el corto plazo superior a la de un paseo aleatorio.Adicionalmente se implementa un modelo que incluye un mecanismo de corrección del error, que nos indica una velocidad de ajuste hacia los valores de equilibrio extremadamente rápida, corrigiéndose más del 99% del desajuste en 7 meses. Finalmente se presentan algunos comentarios sobre las posibilidades de la política económica

Espaces, objets, populations dans les établissements hospitaliers du Moyen Âge au XXe siècle

Autour des trois thèmes « espaces, objets, populations dans les établissements hospitaliers du Moyen Âge au XXe siècle », historiens, historiens de l’art, archéologues, anthropologues et sociologues se retrouveront les 4 et 5 septembre 2008 dans l’ancien hôtel-dieu de Tonnerre – fondé en 1293 par Marguerite de Bourgogne, comtesse de Tonnerre – à l’occasion de la commémoration des 700 ans de la fondatrice. Ce colloque mettra à jour des connaissances inédites et des travaux de recherche sur le ..

Espaces, objets, populations dans les établissements hospitaliers du Moyen Âge au XXe siècle

À l’occasion des 700 ans de la mort de Marguerite de Tonnerre, comtesse et fondatrice de l’hôtel-Dieu, l’UMR ARTeHIS de l’université de Bourgogne et le Centre d’études médiévales d’Auxerre ont organisé à Tonnerre les 4-5 septembre 2008 un colloque de trois demi-journées consacrées aux « espaces, objets et populations des établissements hospitaliers », sur la longue durée puisqu’il s’agissait de traiter les périodes médiévales, modernes et contemporaines. La manifestation rassembla cent partic..

Paridad del poder adquisitivo en el tipo de cambio argentino (peso/dólar)

El presente trabajo implementa el modelo de determinación del tipo de cambio conocido como Paridad del Poder Adquisitivo (PPA) para el caso de Argentina, tomando como patrón el tipo de cambio con el dólar estadounidense. Se analiza dicha hipótesis testeando datos anuales que van desde 1948 a 2006. Se utiliza un modelo bivariado y otro trivariado de cointegración, aplicando además un mecanismo de corrección de errores a fin de estimar la velocidad de ajuste hacia la PPA. Se ha encontrado evidencia favorable de cointegración y verificamos el cumplimiento de la PPA en su versión absoluta. Se ha constatado además que la velocidad de ajuste media es de alrededor de 3 años.The article develops for the Argentine case the model of the determination of the exchange rate known as "Purchasing Power Parity" (PPP), adopting as reference the exchange rate with the US dollar. The PPP hypothesis is analyzed utilizing annual data from 1948 through 2006. A bivariate and trivariate model of cointegration is employed, and an error correction mechanism is used in order to estimate the adjustment velocity towards PPP. Positive evidence is found favorable to cointegration and we verify the PPP hypothesis in its absolute version. Moreover, we note that the average velocity of adjustment is around 3 years.Instituto de Investigaciones Económica