A Review of the Effectiveness of Facing the Scientific Indicators of Depression Reduction among the Nurses Working in the Hospitals of Bandar Abbas

ABSTRACT This research was carried out with the aim of studying the effectiveness of facing the scientific indicators of happiness on reducing depression in nurses working at Bandar Abbas hospitals. The study is a quasi-experimental research conducted based on pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of research consisted of 60 individuals (30 in experimental group and 30 in witness group) who were randomly selected by reduplication method. In order to conduct the research Beck depression inventory was administered as pretest to evaluate the extent of depression. In order to study the research hypotheses, 60 nurses scoring high on depression were randomly selected and placed in control and experimental groups. In the next stage, the questionnaires related to three scientific indicators of happiness, namely forgiveness, gratitude, and kindness were administered in experimental and control groups to assess these three indicators in both groups. In the fourth step, the experimental group received 2-hour training for 7 sessions on the three scientific indicators of happiness, i.e. forgiveness, gratitude, and kindness. Three sessions of free discussion were held in control group. The posttest of depression, forgiveness, gratitude and kindness was administered for both groups upon completion of training sessions. The analysis of mean differences using mean and covariance of pretest and posttest scores showed that giving unconscious visual and aural auditory stimuli to the subjects had no significant influence on reducing depression in the short term. Training on unconditional forgiveness, gratitude, and kindness had a significant influence on reducing depression in nurses (p=0.001)

Effects of salicylic acid on the growth and pathogenicity of Zymoseptoria tritici

Introduction: Zymoseptoria tritici, is a species of filamentous fungus and causes the widespread wheat disease Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Salicylic acid has a key role in plant defence reactions and is also involved in the induction of systemic acquired resistance. However, the contribution of SA to the interaction of Z. tritici -wheat in STB is not entirely clear.In this study, it was shown that the Z. tritici mycelial growth and conidia germination were significantly inhibited the presence of increasing concentration of SA in both liquid and solid media. In addition, the effect of SA on pathogenicity of Z. tritici in wheat was investigated. Materials and methods: In this study, the inhibitory effect of SA on Z. tritici at different concentrations (1 to 20 mM) in vitro, and also, the efficacy of its exogenous application in the suppression of STB in wheat under the greenhouse condition were investigated. In vitro evaluation was done on YMDA and YMDB to determine the effect of SA on the germination of conidia and growth of mycelium, respectively.  Susceptible bread wheat cultivar was grown in pot and inoculated with fungus spores and SA in a three-leaf stage for green house experiments. Results: The results showed that the germination ofconidia was completely inhibited by 4 mM SA. Furthermore, in modified YMDA plates at over 0.8 mM, the colonies diameter was reduced significantly. The result of in planta assay indicated that the foliar application of 4 mM SA can significantly reduce the disease symptoms on the wheat leaves. Discussion and conclusion: Regarding our data, it seems that SA shows more inhibitory effect in in vitro experiments than in planta. Moreover, according to the positive effects of SA on STB, the survey results can be considered as a potential approach in the management of this disease

Epidemiologic findings of the patients who attempted suicide and referred to the Shahid Mohammadi hospital of Bandar Abbass in 2009

Objective: Suicide is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide and is influenced by cultural, psychological and social aspects. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of suicide in Bandar Abbas in 2009.Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2009, all suicidal patients who were referred to the emergency room (ER) of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital of Bandar Abbass were enrolled. Fully trained medical interns of the ER first collected demographic data of the suicidal patients. Then the data, including their reason for attempting suicide, how they attempted suicide, previous suicide attempts, history of substance use, and the size of the family, were collected by direct interviewing the patient. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-16 software.Results: About 405 patients were enrolled in the study consisting 172 men (44.2%) and 226 (55.8%) women. Mean age of the participants was 24.29±5.5 years. Most of the suicidal patients were 18 to 26 years old (64.2%). Thirty-eight percent of the women and 62% of the men were addicts. Eleven patients (2.71%) died, including eight men and three women. The most prevalent method of suicide leading to death was drug toxicity. Conclusion: Teaching problem-solving skills is an important way to control suicide. Identifying the risk groups, paying closer attention to the 18-26 age group, and moral support of the patients with previous unsuccessful suicide attempts might decrease the suicide rate

Radiobiological effects of wound fluid on breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic culture

Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) could abrogate cancer recurrences, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To clarify the effects of IORT-induced wound fluid on tumor progression, we treated breast cancer cell lines and human-derived tumor spheroids in 2D and microfluidic cell culture systems, respectively. The viability, migration, and invasion of the cells under treatment of IORT-induced wound fluid (WF-RT) and the cells under surgery-induced wound fluid (WF) were compared. Our findings showed that cell viability was increased in spheroids under both WF treatments, whereas viability of the cell lines depended on the type of cells and incubation times. Both WFs significantly increased sub-G1 and arrested the cells in G0/G1 phases associated with increased P16 and P21 expression levels. The expression level of Caspase 3 in both cell culture systems and for both WF-treated groups was significantly increased. Furthermore, our results revealed that although the migration was increased in both systems of WF-treated cells compared to cell culture media-treated cells, E-cadherin expression was significantly increased only in the WF-RT group. In conclusion, WF-RT could not effectively inhibit tumor progression in an ex vivo tumor-on-chip model. Moreover, our data suggest that a microfluidic system could be a suitable 3D system to mimic in vivo tumor conditions than 2D cell culture

Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders in a National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents

Objective: Considering the impact of rapid sociocultural, political, and economical changes on societies and families, population-based surveys of mental disorders in different communities are needed to describe the magnitude of mental health problems and their disabling effects at the individual, familial, and societal levels. Method: A population-based cross sectional survey (IRCAP project) of 30 532 children and adolescents between 6 and 18 years was conducted in all provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by 250 clinical psychologists trained to use the validated Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-PL (K-SADS-PL). Results: In this national epidemiological survey, 6209 out of 30 532 (22.31%) were diagnosed with at least one psychiatric disorder. The anxiety disorders (14.13%) and behavioral disorders (8.3%) had the highest prevalence, while eating disorders (0.13%) and psychotic symptoms (0.26%) had the lowest. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in girls (OR = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.80-0.90), in those living in the rural area (OR = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73-0.87), in those aged 15-18 years (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), as well as that was significantly higher in those who had a parent suffering from mental disorders (OR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.63-2.36 for mother and OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.07-1.66 for father) or physical illness (OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.17-1.35 for mother and OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.10-1.28 for father). Conclusion: About one fifth of Iranian children and adolescents suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Therefore, we should give a greater priority to promoting mental health and public health, provide more accessible services and trainings, and reduce barriers to accessing existing services

Frequency and Intensity of Nurses’ Confrontation with Intra and Extra-Organizational Factors Governing Burn Centers

Background & Aim: Multiple structural factors preside over burn units influence nurses' quality of care and their activities. The complexity and multy-dimensional nature of nursing care in these units, creates many challenges. Understanding the perspectives of people's involved is recommended. This study, with a theory-to-research approach, was conducted to assess the frequency of confronting intra and extra organizational factors preside over burn units, the intensity of its related pressure, and correlations among these variables from nurses' perspectives.Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional, correlational study, 98 nurses working in the Shahid Mottahari burn center were recruited by census. Data was collected using the intra and extra organizational factors instrument, provided based on the previous grounded theory study of the researchers. Intra-organizational factors questionnaire consisted of 58 Likert type statements in eight subscales and two dimensions of frequency (α=0.94) and intensity (α=0.96). Extra-organizational factors questionnaire consisted of eight Likert type statements (α=0.74). Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 14.Results: The results revealed that the frequency of nurses' confrontation with factors related to environment and patients as well as its intensity were more than other factors. Moreover, the intensity of the whole factors was more than its frequency. All the extra- organizational factors were significantly correlated with all intra-organizational factors except for the "absence of employment permission" (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study explained the importance of intra-organizational factors of a burn center in inducing stress on nurses. In addition to verification of some relationships in the previous mid-range theory, the results of this study also modified some of its aspects. Therefore it added to the existing body of knowledge about organizational factors and job stress in burn units. Moreover, it produced some evidences to use in nursing administration and service, and finally it resulted in some directions to control stress in nurses' job

Parental Concerns about the Future of Children with Autism: A Qualitative Study in Iran

Introduction: Regarding the growing trend of autism spectrum disorder, the complex and lifelong nature of it and concerns of parents about the life experience and caring for an autistic child, especially with regard to their future life, to provide a suitable environment for the child to enjoy human rights in life is one of the research priorities in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explain parents' experiences in explaining their concerns about the future of the child in life. Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was performed on the parents of autistic children referred to Yas and Nahal rehabilitation centers in Arak and Ahvaz. A total of 8 parents of children with autism were enrolled in the study using purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and field notes and analyzed using MAXQUDA10 software. Results:&nbsp; The results of the data analysis have led to the emergence of three main categories "self-sufficiency and independency in life", "transition to adolescence" and "child education and learning", which outlines the different dimensions of parental concern related to the child in the future life. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, designing, organizing and implementing effective and efficient interventions in educational, therapeutic, rehabilitation, welfare, legal and social areas appropriate to the developmental stages of the child, with the aim of responding to the needs of people with autism spectrum disorders and their families are increasingly needed in the successful transition to the adulthood and&nbsp; maintaining and promoting their well-being

The control of fungi and mycotoxins by food active packaging: A review

Conventionally used petrochemical-based plastics are poorly degradable and cause severe environmental pollution. Alternatively, biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and their blends) are biodegradable and environment-friendly, and thus their use in packaging technologies has been on the rise. Spoilage of food by mycotoxigenic fungi poses a severe threat to human and animal health. Hence, because of the adverse effects of synthetic preservatives, active packaging as an effective technique for controlling and decontaminating fungi and related mycotoxins has attracted considerable interest. The current review aims to provide an overview of the prevention of fungi and mycotoxins through active packaging. The impact of different additives on the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic functionality of packaging incorporating active films/coatings is also investigated. In addition, active packaging applications to control and decontaminate common fungi and mycotoxins in bakery products, cereal grains, fruits, nuts, and dairy products are also introduced. The results of recent studies have confirmed that biopolymer films and coatings incorporating antimicrobial agents provide great potential for controlling common fungi and mycotoxins and enhancing food quality and safety