FLEBOTOMINEOS (DIPTERA: PSYCHODIDAE) COLETADOS EM UM ASSENTAMENTO RURAL NO ESTADO DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar levantamento das espécies de flebotomíneos do Assentamento Rural Nova Canaã, município de Porto Grande, Estado do Amapá, as amostragens foram realizadas em um período de quatro meses, estação menos chuvosa, com a utilização de armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC instaladas do crepúsculo ao amanhecer. Foram coletadas 228 flebótomos pertencentes a sete espécies. A espécie mais abundante foi Lu. whitmani com 71(31,1%) dos indivíduos amostrados, as espécies Lu. umbratilis, Lu. whitmani, Lu. ubiquitalis e Lu.hirsuta, são relatadas como principais vetoras de leishmaniose tegumentar Americana e estão atualmente passando por processo de domicialização.  Palavras-chave: entomologia médica, epidemiologia, flebótomos, Lutzomyia, Leishmaniose.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v1n1p58-6

DISTRIBUIÇÃO MENSAL E ATIVIDADE HORÁRIA DE Anopheles (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) EM UMA ÁREA RURAL DA AMAZÔNIA ORIENTAL.

The objective of this research is to characterize the monthly distribution of Anopheles species and its hourly frequency in São José do Mata Fome a rural area Community, Macapá AP. The samples were collected between February 2008 and January 2009 using two Shannon traps, the first being installed in an environment of gallery forest and the second in a peridomicile environment, between 1800h and 2400h. After collection, the material was packed in plastic bottles and transported to the Arthropoda laboratory of the Federal University of Amapa and then subjected to identification. A Total 6,435 specimens were registered, and 4,471 (69.48%) in peridomiciliary and 1,964 (30.52%) in the woods. The most abundant species were Anopheles braziliensis (35.68%),A. nuneztovari (22.89%), A. peryassui (13.63%), A. marajoara (12.84%), A. darlingi (7.74%) and 7.24% other species. Regarding the hourly frequency, the identified Anopheles showed variations both in the woods and peridomicile areas, at their peaks of abundance. The results will contribute to knowledge about the diversity of Anopheles in the State of Amapá, allowing the increase of information on the distribution of these species and their vectorial capacity in relation to malaria transmission in order to improve the effectiveness of control measures.Keywords: Abundance; Malaria; Seasonality; Shannon.A investigação tem como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição mensal de espécies anofélicas e sua frequência horária na Comunidade São José do Mata Fome, área rural de Macapá-AP. As coletas foram realizadas entre fevereiro de 2008 a janeiro de 2009 com uso de duas armadilhas de Shannon, sendo a primeira instalada em ambiente de mata de galeria e a segunda no peridomicílio, nos horários de18:00h às 24:00h. Após a coleta, o material foi acondicionado em frascos plásticos e transportado até o laboratório de Arhropoda da Universidade Federal do Amapá e posteriormente submetido à identificação. Totalizaram 6435 exemplares registrados, sendo 4471 (69,48%) noperidomicílio e 1964 (30,52%) na mata. As espécies mais abundantes foram: An. braziliensis (35,68%), An. nuneztovari (22,89%), An. peryassui (13,63%), An. marajoara (12,84%), An. darlingi (7,74%) e 7,24% outras espécies. Em relação à frequência horária, os anofelinos supracitados apresentaram variações, tanto no peridomicílio quanto na mata, em seuspicos de abundância. Os resultados obtidos contribuirão para o conhecimento da diversidade de Anopheles no Estado do Amapá, possibilitando o incremento de informações sobre a distribuição dessas espécies e sua capacidade vetorial com relação à transmissão de malária, visando com isso, eficácia nas medidas de controle.Palavras-chave: Abundância, Malária, Sazonalidade, Shannon

Composition, abundance and aspects of temporal variation in the distribution of Anopheles species in an area of Eastern Amazonia

Introduction: The diverse and complex environmental conditions of the Amazon Basin favor the breeding and development of Anopheles species. This study aimed to describe the composition, abundance and temporal frequency of Anopheles species and to correlate these factors with precipitation, temperature and relative humidity. Methods: The study was conducted in the District of Coração, State of Amapá, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly during three consecutive nights, from 6:00 PM to 10:00 PM, from December 2010 to November 2011. In addition, four 12-hour collections (i.e., 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM) were performed during this period. Results: A total of 1,230 Anopheles specimens were collected. In the monthly collections, Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species, followed by An. braziliensis and An. albitarsis s.l., whereas An. darlingi, An. peryassui and An. braziliensis were the most frequent species collected in the 12-hour collections. The greatest number of anophelines was collected in September (the dry season). The highest frequency of anophelines was observed for An. darlingi during September, when there were the least rainfalls of the year, along with lower relative humidity and higher temperatures. There was little variation in the abundance of this species in other months, with the exception of slight increases in February, July and August. Conclusions: The major malaria vectors, An. darlingi and An. albitarsis s.l. (likely An. marajoara), were the most abundant species collected in the study area. Consequently, prevention and control measures should be taken to prevent malaria outbreaks in the District of Coração

New records of Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) parasitizing wings of Odonata in Brazil / Novos registros de Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) parasita de asas de Odonata no Brasil

This report presents the first record of Forcipomyia (Pterobosca) incubans Macfie (1937) (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the states of Amapá and Pará, located in the North Region, and in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, in the South Region of Brazil. Besides seven new records of species of Odonata parasitized in Latin America. Females of  F. (P.) incubans were collected in the wings of 47 specimens of dragonflies. The species Homeoura chelifera Selys, 1876 and Telebasis willinki Fraser, 1948 family Coenagrionidae, Remartinia luteipennis (Burmeister, 1839) family Aeshnidae, Erythemis peruviana (Rambur, 1842), Erythemis vesiculosa (F. 1775), Erythrodiplax fusca (Rambur, 1842), Erythrodiplax umbrata (L. 1758), Miathyria marcella (Selys in Sagra, 1857), Orthemis concolor Ris, 1919 and Orthemis nodiplaga Karsch, 1891 representatives from family Libellulidae comprise the new records for the Brazil, thus increasing to 13 the number of species with parasitism F. (P.) incubans in the country. 

Evaluation of mass attenuation coefficient of concrete sample for different traits

Concrete is widely used in the world and is the main material for civil construction. Due to its properties, it has different uses such as structural, filling and shielding. The aim of this work is to compare experimental and theoretical mass attenuation coefficient for concrete with different traits and determine the one with the best performance. For this, density, X-ray diffraction, mass attenuation coefficient (experimental with a Cs137 source, simulated by MCNP and theoretical determined with XCOM platform) and compressive strength were determined for three different traits of cement mortar (standardized sand, conventional sand and artificial sand). The X-ray diffraction showed more compounds for artificial sand’s samples. Density showed no significant variation. The samples showed a good agreement for experimental, simulated and theoretical mass attenuation coefficient. Standardized sand’s samples had the best performance for mechanical test, with a compressive strength 47.4% higher than artificial sand’s samples and 38.2% higher than conventional sand’s samples. It is possible to conclude that, since mass attenuation coefficient showed no significant difference, standardized sand’s samples is more indicated to be used for shielding than the others

Desenvolvimento de coleções temáticas e catálogos morfológicos de artrópodes destinados para aulas práticas e exposições itinerantes em escolas públicas e privadas do estado do Amapá / Development of thematic collections and morphological catalogs of arthropods intended for practical classes and itinerant exhibitions in public and private schools in the state of Amapá

O filo Arthropoda, compreende o maior grupo animal, sua elevada diversidade e abundância geram dificuldades no processo de ensino. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetivou elaborar coleções temáticas e catálogos morfológicos dos artrópodes, que servirá como material didático de apoio nas aulas de Zoologia dos cursos de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal do Amapá/UNIFAP, além de ser utilizado em exposições itinerantes realizadas em instituições de ensino fundamental e médio do munícipio de Macapá. Foram confeccionados quatro catálogos didáticos constituído de imagens ilustrativas das características morfológicas externas dos grupos Insecta, Crustacea, Myriapoda e Cheliceriformes. E sete coleções entomológicas organizadas por temáticas relacionadas aos aspectos médico, forense, agrícola, ecológico e biodiversidade em geral. Os materiais didáticos criados constituem um importante recurso no ensino e capacitação dos discentes quanto ao reconhecimento e classificação dos artrópodes, podendo contribuir com a melhoria no ensino de zoologia nas escolas

Chemical Composition and In Vitro

The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and the identification and quantification of components were achieved with the use of GC-MS analysis. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the method of sequestration of DPPH. Essential oils were used for study the cytotoxic front larvae of Artemia salina. In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils, we employed the disk-diffusion method. The potential larvicide in mosquito larvae of the third stage of development of Aedes aegypti to different concentrations of essential oils was evaluated. The major compounds found in the essential oils of M. piperita were linalool (51.8%) and epoxyocimene (19.3%). The percentage of antioxidant activity was 79.9±1.6%. The essential oil showed LC50 = 414.6 μg/mL front of A. saline and is considered highly toxic. It shows sensitivity and halos significant inhibition against E. coli. The essential possessed partial larvicidal efficiency against A. aegypti

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat

Checklist of the birds of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil: diversity and conservation

Several phytogeographic regions (Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, Gran Chaco, and Chiquitano Dry Forests) converge in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and influence regional biodiversity. Despite a list of birds in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul being published by Nunes et al. (2017), it is necessary to update and critically review avifauna records. In this study, we gathered the results of several records obtained from species lists and online data platforms of the 336 sites in this state over the last decades and grouped them into Main (Primary and Secondary) and Tertiary Lists. The avifauna of Mato Grosso do Sul is composed of 678 species, of which 643 (95%) have records proving their occurrence (Primary List), whereas 34 still lack documentation (Secondary List). The number of related species for Mato Grosso do Sul represents 34% of the Brazilian avifauna. Some species stand out for their unique occurrence in Mato Grosso do Sul, such as Melanerpes cactorum, Celeus lugubris, Phaethornis subochraceus, and Cantorchilus guarayanus, reflecting the influence of different phytogeographic regions of the Chaco and Chiquitano Dry Forests. Migrants represent 20% of the bird community occurring in the state, of which 93 species correspond to migrants from various regions of South America (south and west) and 40 to boreal migrants. Thirty-three species perform nomadic movements across the Pantanal Plain and other regions of the state. Thirty-one species are included in some conservation-threatened categories of global and/or national endangered species lists. Other 30 species are included in the near-threatened category at the global level and 23 at the national level. In addition, species typical of dry forests (in Serra da Bodoquena and Maciço do Urucum) and those from the Atlantic Forest in the south of the state deserve attention due to their restricted distribution and the high anthropogenic pressure on their habitat

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio