Restauración integral de la iglesia de la Concepción de Cehegín

La iglesia de la Purísima Concepción de Nuestra Señora en Cehegín, conocida por todos como La Concepción, es un edificio en el que se han unido circunstancias habituales en este tipo de inmuebles, junto con otras que no lo son tanto. Si bien es verdad que es muy habitual que en las iglesias se realicen operaciones de tapado-destapado de los paramentos, cubiertas, etc, y que dichas operaciones, en algunos casos, hagan que se conserven parte de los elementos primitivos que posteriormente se encubren con otra “piel”, no es tan habitual que podamos encontrar una iglesia, cerrada al culto, en la que podamos llevar a cabo la totalidad de los trabajos que necesita, sin el plazo de ejecución de la obra como condicionante fundamental. Esta condición hace que, en la iglesia de la Concepción de Cehegín, se hayan podido llevar a cabo tanto los trabajos de obra civil inherentes a la restauración de este tipo de inmuebles, como aquellos ligados a los estudios previos, análisis, ensayos, mediciones y la posterior toma de decisiones sobre los paramentos, policromía de las armaduras…, sin que la dilatación en el tiempo fuera óbice para que pudiera ejecutarse. De esta forma, se han podido ejecutar la práctica totalidad de los trabajos necesarios, incluyendo por supuesto el interior y exterior del Templo, sus solados, paramentos, armaduras, bóvedas y cualquier tipo de acabado, la eliminación de las humedades, sobre todo las procedentes de capilaridad desde el terreno o las cubiertas, la eliminación de patologías derivadas de grietas y fisuras, las carpinterías, cerrajería y vidrieras, decoraciones de pintura mural en trampantojo, o de cualquier otro tipo (incluso gran parte de los retablos) y, finalmente, la electricidad e iluminación y aquellas otras instalaciones necesarias para el desarrollo de la pastoral de la parroquia, actos litúrgicos y de todo tipo, celebraciones, etc.Región de Murcia. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Forum Unesco. Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación. (ARQUIDE). Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Letras. Lorquimur. Restauración y construcción. Restauralia Cartago. I. Quipons. Grupo Entorno. Ayuntamiento de Cartagena. Ayuntamiento de Mula. Ayuntamiento de Cehegín. Ayuntamiento de Archena. Ayuntamiento de Blanca

Decoraciones en la iglesia de la Concepción de Cehegín; simbolismo y restauración

El arte que albergan muchos de los edificios que hoy creemos antiguos, viejos y desfasados esconden, en su mayoría, decoraciones que nos revelan formas de vivir, pensar y creer que permanecen en el olvido hasta que, por avatares de la suerte, el tesón y el trabajo salen a la luz. Un ejemplo de esto lo podemos encontrar en la Iglesia de la Concepción de Cehegín. Este edifico ha pasado, durante años, sin pena ni gloria, olvidado por muchos y llegando a un estado de abandono que derivó casi en su ruina. Se planteó en alguna ocasión su derribo, ya que al eliminar los apoyos de los edificios que lo precedieron como el hospital, fundación inicial que derivó en la construcción adosada a este de la propia iglesia, el teatro Calderón de 1815 o el colegio Nacional Conde de Campillos, la estabilidad de la iglesia se vio muy afectada. Las numerosas actuaciones5 y reformas que han marcado su vida desde inicios del siglo XX han posibilitado su pervivencia hasta nuestros días y la última intervención pretende devolverle su esplendor pasado, recuperando no solo su estructura en paramentos y cubiertas sino también en las decoraciones que un día poseyó.Región de Murcia. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo. Dirección General de Bellas Artes y Bienes Culturales. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Forum Unesco. Escuela de Arquitectura e Ingeniería de Edificación. (ARQUIDE). Universidad de Murcia. Facultad de Letras. Lorquimur. Restauración y construcción. Restauralia Cartago. I. Quipons. Grupo Entorno. Ayuntamiento de Cartagena. Ayuntamiento de Mula. Ayuntamiento de Cehegín. Ayuntamiento de Archena. Ayuntamiento de Blanca

Environmental & flight control system architecture optimization from a family concept design perspective

One method an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) can apply to reduce development and manufacturing costs is family concept design: each product family member is designed for a different design point, but a significant amount of components is shared among the family members. In this case, a trade-off exists between member performance and commonality. In the design of complex systems, often many different architectures are possible, and the design space is too large to explore exhaustively. In this work, we present an application of a new architecture optimization method to the design of a family of passenger transport jets, with a focus on the sizing of the Environmental Control System (ECS) and Flight Control System (FCS). The architecture design space is modeled using the Architecture Design Space Graph (ADSG), a novel method for constructing model-based system architecture optimization problems. Decisions are extracted and the multi-objective optimization problem is automatically formulated. Objectives used are commonality, representing acquisition costs, and fuel burn, representing a part of operation costs. These metrics are evaluated using a cross-organizational collaborative multidisciplinary analysis toolchain, and the resulting Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) problem is solved using a multi-objective evolutionary optimization algorithm. The results show that the trade-off between commonality and fuel burn is only present above a certain commonality level

Optimal and Long-Term Dynamic Transport Policy Design: Seeking Maximum Social Welfare through a Pricing Scheme.

This article presents an alternative approach to the decision-making process in transport strategy design. The study explores the possibility of integrating forecasting, assessment and optimization procedures in support of a decision-making process designed to reach the best achievable scenario through mobility policies. Long-term evaluation, as required by a dynamic system such as a city, is provided by a strategic Land-Use and Transport Interaction (LUTI) model. The social welfare achieved by implementing mobility LUTI model policies is measured through a cost-benefit analysis and maximized through an optimization process throughout the evaluation period. The method is tested by optimizing a pricing policy scheme in Madrid on a cordon toll in a context requiring system efficiency, social equity and environmental quality. The optimized scheme yields an appreciable increase in social surplus through a relatively low rate compared to other similar pricing toll schemes. The results highlight the different considerations regarding mobility impacts on the case study area, as well as the major contributors to social welfare surplus. This leads the authors to reconsider the cost-analysis approach, as defined in the study, as the best option for formulating sustainability measures

PIH11 out-of-pocket health expenditures related to prenatal care: evidence from Colombia, 2018

To estimate the out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE) and indirect costs related to prenatal check-ups and pregnancy complications in women seen in a maternity hospital in Cartagena-Colombia, 2018. Cost description study. A survey was constructed to estimate OOPE and indirect costs owing to prenatal check-ups. Women were asked about sociodemographic variables. The survey investigated how much pregnant women spend in the care of prenatal check-ups. Also, it explored OOPE linked to pregnancy complications. Productivity losses were quantified from the reduction of work time produced by the prenatal check-up. Absolute and relative frequencies, averages and interquartile ranges (IQR) were used to describe the population and estimate the OOPE and indirect costs in pregnant women. The latter were calculated from the percentile method. We performed a bootstrapping to generate an empirical estimate of the complete sample distribution. Costs were reported in Colombian pesos (COP), 2018. Fifty-six pregnant women were surveyed, with an average age of 25.9 years (±6.2). 96.4% of the respondents had completed at least primary school studies, 7.3% were married. All women surveyed had OOPE in at least one cost-item. Transportation was the item with the highest frequency of expenses. The mean of OOPE for women who attend their prenatal check-up were COP$71,736 (IQR COP$53,400-$92,715). Twenty-five women reported some complication related to their pregnancy status. The mean OOPE associated with a pregnancy complication was COP$57,539 (IQR COP$28,686-$100,124). Women reported a time average of 4.2 hours (range 1-12) for attending the prenatal check-up, and their companions spent 4.5 (range 1-13). On average a woman had productivity losses of COP$13,541 (IQR COP$8,138- $16,276) and her companion COP$14,475 (range $8,130-$19,531). Expenses produced by prenatal care could totalize 9.2% (6.8-11.9) of the monthly income of a poor household, which unfortunately makes prenatal care an important source of economic burden, impacting poor population in Cartagena

Nutritional composition of Silbadero stem (Geoffroea spinosa Jacq.) of the municipality of Tubara Atlantico

El Silbadero (Geoffroea spinosa Jacq) es una leguminosa que se encuentra en países suramericanos como Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay y Colombia, de esta especie solo se han reportado estudios taxonómicos y fitoquímicos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el contenido de nutrientes del tallo de la especie vegetal Silbadero. Las muestras de la especie fueron tomadas al azar mediante una salida de campo a la finca los Tres ubicada en Tubará, Atlántico. Se determinaron los parámetros de proteínas, grasas, carbohidratos, fibra bruta, cenizas, humedad; el aminoácido Lisina; minerales como el zinc, calcio, hierro y magnesio y vitaminas del complejo B (Tiamina, Riboflavina, Niacina, ácido Fólico). Las proteínas fueron determinadas por el método Kjeldahl, las grasas por el método Soxhlet, los carbohidratos por diferencia, fibra bruta por el método ácido-base, cenizas por incineración, humedad por gravimetría; la Lisina por cromatografía ultra rápida; los minerales por espectrofometría de absorción atómica y la vitaminas por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. El contenido de proteína fue de 4,56%, grasas 0,38%, carbohidratos 37,2%, fibra bruta 43,5%, cenizas 7,6%, humedad 6%, Lisina 1,4 g/100 g, zinc 22,7 mg/100 g, calcio 29013,7 mg/100 g, hierro 277,5 mg/100g, magnesio 1947,8 mg/100 g, Tiamina 0,10 mg/100 g, Riboflavina 0,24 mg/100 g, Niacina 0,50 mg/100 g, ácido Fólico 0,14 mg/100 g. Se concluyó que el tallo del Silbadero es una fuente significativa de nutrientes, que puede contribuir a suplir necesidades alimentarias

Assessment of ventilation rates inside educational buildings in Southwestern Europe: Analysis of implemented strategic measures

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has highlighted the need to ensure good indoor air quality. Public buildings (educational buildings in particular) have come under the spotlight because students, teachers and staff spend long periods of the day indoors. This study presents a measurement campaign for the assessment of ventilation rate (VR) and ventilation strategies in educational buildings in Southwestern Europe, Portugal and Spain. A representative sample of the teaching spaces of the Azurém Campus (Guimarães, Portugal) and the Fuentenueva Campus (Granada, Spain) have been analyzed. Natural ventilation is the predominant ventilation strategy in these spaces, being the most common strategy in educational buildings in Europe. VR was estimated under different configurations, using the CO2 decay method. Subsequently, the CO2 concentration was estimated according to occupancy and the probability of infection risk was calculated using the Wells-Riley equation. The obtained VR varied between 2.9 and 20.1 air change per hour (ACH) for natural cross ventilation, 2.0 to 5.1 ACH for single-sided ventilation and 1.8 to 3.5 for mechanically ventilated classrooms. Large differences in CO2 concentrations were verified, depending on the analyzed ventilation strategy, ranging from 475 to 3903 ppm for the different scenarios. However, the probability of risk was less than 1% in almost all of the classrooms analyzed. The results obtained from the measurement campaign showed that the selection of an appropriate ventilation strategy can provide sufficient air renewal and maintain a low risk of infection. Ventilation strategies need to be reconsidered as a consequence of the health emergency arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.Antonio J. Aguilar Aguilera and María Luisa de la Hoz Torres wish to thank the support of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain under an FPU grant. This work has been supported by the Consejo General de la Arquitectura T´ecnica (CGATE), the “Junta de Andalucía” (Spain) under project B-TEP-362-UGR18 and the State Research Agency (SRA) of Spain and European Regional Development Funds (ERDF) under project PID2019-108761RB-I00. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada / CBUA

Blood eosinophils as a biomarker of future COPD exacerbation risk:pooled data from 11 clinical trials

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. Predicting exacerbations of COPD, which contribute to disease progression, is important to guide preventative treatment and improve outcomes. Blood eosinophils are a biomarker for patient responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS); however, their effectiveness as a predictive biomarker for COPD exacerbations is unclear. Methods This post hoc analysis pooled data from 11 Boehringer Ingelheim-sponsored Phase III and IV randomised COPD studies with similar methodologies. Exacerbation data were collected from these studies, excluding patients from the ICS withdrawal arm of the WISDOM® study. Patients were grouped according to their baseline blood eosinophil count, baseline ICS use and number of exacerbations in the year prior to each study. Results Exacerbation rate data and baseline eosinophil count were available for 22,125 patients; 45.6% presented with a baseline blood eosinophil count of ≤ 150 cells/μL, 34.3% with 150–300 cells/μL and 20.1% with > 300 cells/μL. The lowest exacerbation rates were observed in patients with ≤ 150 cells/μL, with small increases in exacerbation rate observed with increasing eosinophil count. When stratified by exacerbation history, the annual rate of exacerbations for patients with 0 exacerbations in the previous year increased in line with increasing eosinophil counts (0.38 for ≤ 150 cells/μL, 0.39 for 150–300 cells/μL and 0.44 for > 300 cells/μL respectively). A similar trend was identified for patients with one exacerbation in the previous year, 0.62, 0.66 and 0.67 respectively. For patients with ≥ 2 exacerbations, exacerbation rates fluctuated between 1.02 (≤ 150 cells/μL) to 1.10 (150–300 cells/μL) and 1.07 (> 300 cells/μL). Higher exacerbation rates were noted in patients treated with ICS at baseline (range 0.75 to 0.82 with increasing eosinophil count) compared with patients not on ICS (range 0.45 to 0.49). Conclusion We found no clinically important relationship between baseline blood eosinophil count and exacerbation rate. Hence, the current analysis does not support the use of blood eosinophils to predict exacerbation risk; however, previous exacerbation history was found to be a more reliable predictor of future exacerbations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00168844, NCT00168831, NCT00387088, NCT00782210, NCT00782509, NCT00793624, NCT00796653, NCT01431274, NCT01431287, NCT02296138 and NCT00975195