Efeito da profilaxia semanal no desenvolvimento "in situ" de lesão cariosa em dentina

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciencias da SaudeAvaliação do efeito da remoção regular de placa dental no desenvolvimento in situ de lesão cariosa dentinária em indivíduos residentes numa área com água fluoretada e consumidores de dentifrício fluoretado. Os resultados mostraram que nos espécimes que receberam profilaxia com pedra pomes a superfície dentária mostrou-se menos porosa e mais regular. Sugerindo uma menor desmineralização

Dissection of carious lesions: a new technique for three-dimensional histopathological study

Two-dimensional analyses of the histopathological aspect of carious lesions present bias that may compromise the scientific value of studies. In this paper, the authors present a new three-dimensional technique for the histopathological analysis of carious lesions. It consists in the dissection of the affected areas under the stereomicroscope, utilizing refrigerated dental burs, without any loss of carious tissue. The dissection of three occlusal lesions located on first and second permanent molars is presented. It was possible to observe the internal reactions of enamel and dentin, and correlate the results to the macroscopic features of the occlusal surface. Some comparative aspects between the dissecting and two-dimensional techniques are discussed.As análises bidimensionais no estudo histopatológico de lesões cariosas apresentam vieses que podem comprometer o valor científico dos estudos. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam uma nova técnica de análise tridimensional de lesões cariosas, sem perda de partes da lesão, que consiste na dissecação das áreas afetadas pela lesão com brocas odontológicas de desgaste, sob refrigeração, realizada com auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. Três casos de lesões cariosas oclusais em primeiros e segundos molares permanentes são apresentados, nos quais foi possível observar as reações internas de esmalte e dentina em relação às características macroscópicas das lesões. Alguns aspectos comparativos entre a técnica da dissecação e as técnicas bidimensionais são discutidos

Atypical presentation of pellucid marginal degeneration: case report

The authors report an unusual clinical presentation of pellucid marginal degeneration with 360º peripheral corneal thinning diagnosed in a younger male patient. We discuss the findings of topographic maps, ultrasound pachymetry and the proposed treatment.Os autores relatam o caso de paciente jovem do sexo masculino que desenvolveu quadro de degeneração marginal pelúcida bilateral atípica, com afinamento corneal periférico de 360º, abordando ainda os aspectos dos mapas topográficos e os resultados obtidos com a paquimetria ultra-sônica, além do tratamento adotado.Hospital Oftalmológico de SorocabaHospital Oftalmológico de Sorocaba Setor de CórneaHospital Oftalmológico de Sorocaba Setor de Córnea e Doenças ExternasPontifícia Universidade Católica de SorocabaUNIFESP Departamento de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaSciEL

Comparative Analysis of Continuous versus Reciprocating Instruments in Retreatment of Flat-oval Root Canals

Introduction: Flat-oval root canals of incisors can be problematic in retreatments. This study assessed the efficacy of continuous and reciprocating rotation instruments in retreatment of flat-oval root canals in lower incisors via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). File systems studied were ProTaper universal retreatment rotary system associated with ProTaper Next (PTUR+PTN), D-RaCe associated with iRaCe (DR+iR), Reciproc (REC), and WaveOne (WO). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two mandibular incisors with flat root canal were divided into 4 groups (n=8). The groups were initially prepared with PTN, iRaCe, REC, and WO, then instrumented, filled, and subjected to micro-CT analyses. All the canals were then retreated with the PTUR+PTN, DR+iR, REC, and WO, and then subjected to new micro-CT analysis  which allowed quantification of residual filling material volume and change in the diameter of the root canal apical third. Endodontic retreatment time was also quantified. Data were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA and post hoc t tests. Results: None of the systems completely removed the filling material. The groups differed in terms of remnant filling material volume (PTUR+PTN=2.9±1.1 mm3; DR+iR=3.6±3.1 mm3; REC=4.9±1.9 mm3; WO=3.1±1.9 mm3) and retreatment time (PTUR+PTN=1:36±0:12 sec; DR+iR=0:57±0:13 sec; REC=2:10±0:44 sec; WO=2:03±0:31 sec), but had similar values in terms of change in apical root canal diameter (P>0.05). Conclusions: Based on this in vitro study, the type of endodontic instrument did not affect the diameter of the root canal apical third. However, PTUR with ProTaper Next had the lowest residual filling material volume and second lowest retreatment time, in flat-oval root canals in mandibular incisors

Intracranial hypertension with ocular manifestation during the use of tetracycline: case report

The authors describe a young female patient with intracranial hypertension associated with ocular manifestations, during treatment with tetracycline. This is a rare adverse effect described in the medication warnings, and in a few reported cases in the scientific literature.Os autores relatam o caso de uma paciente jovem, do sexo feminino, que desenvolveu quadro de hipertensão intracraniana benigna com manifestações oculares em concomitância ao uso de tetraciclina para o tratamento de otite. Esta é uma reação adversa rara deste medicamento, descrito em bula e com alguns relatos de caso em literatura internacional.Hospital oftalmológico de SorocabaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Pontifícia Universidade Católica de SorocabaUNIFESPSciEL

Effects of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor essential oil on the growth and morphogenesis of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Trichophyton mentagrophytes is a fungus causative agent of dermatophytosis, affecting humans worldwide. This has driven the search for products for the treatment of these infections. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of the Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil against T. mentagrophytes. The antifungal tests consisted of antifungal screening, determination of MIC and MFC, analysis of the essential oil's effects on mycelial growth, germination of fungal spores, fungal viability, morphogenesis, cell wall (test with sorbitol) and cell membrane (cell leakage test) of T. mentagrophytes. Upon screening, the oil inhibited all strains, with zones of growth inhibition of 24-28 mm in diameter. The MIC was 312 μg/mL and CFM was 2500 μg/mL for almost all the strains tested. There were morphological changes in the conidia group, form and pigmentation of hyphae. The antifungal action of the product does not involve the cell wall and its action may involve the fungal plasma membrane. It is concluded that C. winterianus essential oil constitutes a potential antifungal product, especially for the treatment of dermatophytosis.Trichophyton mentagrophytes é um fungo causador de dermatofitoses, afetando humanos em todo o mundo. Isto direciona a busca de produtos para o tratamento destas infecções. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a atividade antifúngica do óleo essencial de Cymbopogon winterianus contra T. mentagrophytes. Os ensaios antifúngicos foram constituídos do screening antifúngico, da determinação CIM e CFM, da análise dos efeitos do óleo essencial no crescimento micelial, na germinação dos esporos, na viabilidade fúngica, na morfogênese, na parede celular (ensaio com sorbitol) e na membrana celular (ensaio de lise celular) de T. mentagrophytes. No screening, o óleo inibiu todas as cepas, com zonas de inibição de crescimento de 24-28 mm de diâmetro. A CIM foi de 312 μg/mL e a CFM foi de 2500 μg/mL para quase todas as cepas testadas. O óleo essencial inibiu o desenvolvimento micelial, a germinação dos esporos e a viabilidade fúngica. Houve alterações morfológicas no agrupamento dos conídios, na forma e pigmentação das hifas. A ação antifúngica do produto não envolve a parede celular e parece estar envolvida com a membrana celular fúngica. Pode-se concluir que o óleo essencial de C. winterianus se apresenta como um potencial produto antifúngico, especialmente para o tratamento das dermatofitoses

TiF4 varnish protects the retention of brackets to enamel after in vitro mild erosive challenge

The effect of fluoride agents on the retention of orthodontic brackets to enamel under erosive challenge is little investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) agents on the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel and on the enamel microhardness around brackets under erosive challenge. Methods: Brackets were bonded to bovine incisors. Five groups were formed according to fluoride application (n=10): TiF4 varnish, TiF4 solution, NaF varnish, NaF solution and control (without application). The specimens were submitted to erosive challenge (90 s cola drink/2h artificial saliva, 4x per day for 7 days). Solutions were applied before each erosive cycle and varnishes were applied once. Vickers Microhardness (VHN) was obtained before and after all cycles of erosion and the percentage of microhardness loss was calculated. Shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index and polarized light microscopy were conducted after erosion. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05). Results: The %VHN had no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. However, considering the comparisons of all groups with the control group, TiF4 varnish showed the highest protection from enamel demineralization (effect size of 2.94, while the effect size for the other groups was >2.4). The TiF4 varnish group had significantly higher shear bond strength compared to other groups. There was no difference among groups for adhesive remnant index. Polarized light microscopy showed higher demineralization depth for the control group. Conclusions: Application of NaF and TiF4 agents during mild erosive challenge minimized the enamel mineral loss around brackets, however only the experimental TiF4 varnish was able to prevent the reduction of shear bond strength of brackets to enamel.

Electrospun nanofibers of polyCD/PMAA polymers and their potential application as drug delivery system

Herein, we used an electrospinning process to develop highly efficacious and hydrophobic coaxial nanofibers based on poly-cyclodextrin (polyCD) associated with poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) that combines polymeric and supramolecular features for modulating the release of the hydrophilic drug, propranolol hydrochloride (PROP). For this purpose, polyCD was synthesized and characterized, and its biocompatibility was assessed using fibroblast cytotoxicity tests. Moreover, the interactions between the guest PROP molecule and both polyCD and $\beta$CD were found to be spontaneous. Subsequently, PROP was encapsulated in uniaxial and coaxial polyCD/ PMAA nanofibers. A lower PROP burst effect (reduction of approximately 50%) and higher modulation were observed from the coaxial than from the uniaxial fibers. Thus, the coaxial nanofibers could potentially be a useful strategy for developing a controlled release system for hydrophilic molecules.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures + Supplementary Data (4 pages, 6 figures

TiF 4 varnish protects the retention of brackets to enamel after in vitro mild erosive challenge

The effect of fluoride agents on the retention of orthodontic brackets to enamel under erosive challenge is little investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF<i>4</i>) and sodium fluoride (NaF) agents on the shear bond strength of brackets to enamel and on the enamel microhardness around brackets under erosive challenge. Methods: Brackets were bonded to bovine incisors. Five groups were formed according to fluoride application (n=10): TiF<i>4</i> varnish, TiF<i>4</i> solution, NaF varnish, NaF solution and control (without application). The specimens were submitted to erosive challenge (90 s cola drink/2h artificial saliva, 4x per day for 7 days). Solutions were applied before each erosive cycle and varnishes were applied once. Vickers Microhardness (VHN) was obtained before and after all cycles of erosion and the percentage of microhardness loss was calculated. Shear bond strength, adhesive remnant index and polarized light microscopy were conducted after erosion. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05). Results: The %VHN had no statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. However, considering the comparisons of all groups with the control group, TiF<i>4</i> varnish showed the highest protection from enamel demineralization (effect size of 2.94, while the effect size for the other groups was >2.4). The TiF<i>4</i> varnish group had significantly higher shear bond strength compared to other groups. There was no difference among groups for adhesive remnant index. Polarized light microscopy showed higher demineralization depth for the control group. Conclusions: Application of NaF and TiF<i>4</i> agents during mild erosive challenge minimized the enamel mineral loss around brackets, however only the experimental TiF<i>4</i> varnish was able to prevent the reduction of shear bond strength of brackets to enamel

O IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NAS CONDIÇÕES DE SAÚDE BUCAL NA INFÂNCIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA: THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON CHILDHOOD ORAL HEALTH CONDITIONS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Objetivo: O objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura integrativa para analisar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre as condições bucais, comportamentos e práticas relacionadas à saúde bucal infantil. Métodos: Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram utilizados como critérios de inclusão: estudos na língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola, artigos científicos on-line na íntegra, publicados de janeiro de 2020 a abril de 2023, utilizando como descritores: “Pandemia deCOVID-19” / (“COVID-19 pandemic”); “Saúde infantil” / (“Child health”); “Saúde bucal” / (“Oral health”). Resultados: Após a seleção dos artigos,10 estudos foram selecionados, quase metade deles foi realizada na Índia e em Israel (04), sendo o estudo epidemiológico de corte transversal predominante entre eles (10), assim como os estudos voltados para crianças acima de 06 anos de idade (8). A maioria dos estudos encontrou resultados negativos acerca do impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 sobre as condições bucais infantis, sendo que alguns deles revelaram mudanças de hábitos alimentares considerados prejudiciais à saúde bucal, como o aumento do consumo de alimentos açucarados; apenas alguns pais adotaram atitudes e práticas para uma melhor proteção da higiene bucal dos filhos, como aumentar a frequência de escovação. Considerações finais: A pandemia de COVID-19 resultou em consequências negativas para a saúde bucal infantil, agravando o perfil epidemiológico desse público, trazendo o medo e barreiras para o atendimento odontológico, além de alterar hábitos e comportamentos de higiene bucal e de alimentação