Continente Choose&Drive

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsWhen I first took up this project the goal was to conceive a communication strategy for Continente. My first impression was that the biggest drawback of Continente was their localization and lack of convenience. After carrying out a market research I confirmed this theory and began strategizing against it. Although my initial brainstorm varies in target and objective, I’ve realized that all the solutions focused at some point, on the Continente’s convenience problem. Finally, I have decided to focus on the “The single young shoppers” target (young people who have moved out of their parents’ house either by need of independence or to be nearer to university/work). I believe this segment to be extremely important, not just because of their present value but mostly to attract the youngest generations to the brand, and to create a bond and loyalty with them right now. My solution, “The Continente Choose&Drive” where the consumer can shop without leaving the car through a drive-in system, intends to minimize the gap between the target and the brand, as well as boost their image of innovation and consumer-focused

La fecha del Beato de Magio: año 1000 de la era, 350 de la hégira, 962 de Cristo.

Sin resume

Wastewater treatment using photosynthetic microorganisms

Producción CientíficaWastewaters are mainly classified as domestic, industrial and agro-industrial based on their production source. Piggery wastewater (PWW) is a livestock wastewater characterized by its high concentrations of organic matter and ammonium, and by its odour nuisance. Traditionally, PWW has been treated in open anaerobic lagoons, anaerobic digesters and activated sludge systems, which exhibit high greenhouse gas emissions, a limited nutrients removal and a high energy consumption, respectively. Photosynthetic microorganisms can support a sustainable wastewater treatment in engineered photobioreactors at low operating costs and with an efficient recovery of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous. These microorganisms are capable of absorbing solar irradiation through the photosynthesis process to obtain energy, which is used for their growth and associated carbon and nutrients assimilation. Purple phototrophic bacteria (PPB) represent the photosynthetic microorganisms with the most versatile metabolism in nature, whereas microalgae are the most-studied photosynthetic microorganisms in recent years. This review describes the fundamentals, symmetry and asymmetry of wastewater treatment using photosynthetic microorganisms such as PPB and microalgae. The main photobioreactor configurations along with the potential of PPB and microalgae biomass valorisation strategies are also discussed.Junta de Castilla y León y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) - (projects CLU 2017-09, CL-EI-2021-07 and UIC 071)Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (CONICYT) de Chile - (PFCHA/DOCTORADO BECAS CHILE/2017–72180211

Nanocalorimetric studies of several kinetic phenomena over a wide range of heating rates

Descripció del recurs: el 19 setembre 2011Para comprender propiedades esenciales de materiales es necesario disponer de una configuración experimental de alta precisión. Nanocalorimetría basada en membranas es una herramienta importante para el análisis termo-físico ya que esta técnica puede lograr resoluciones en el orden de pJ/K facilitando la detección de posibles nano-fases en materiales modernos. Algunos materiales de nueva generación pueden ser complicados de producir en alta escala y sólo pueden estar disponibles en cantidades pequeñas o en capas delgadas. Algunos ejemplos de aplicaciones atractivas incluyen la síntesis de alto rendimiento de capas delgadas e hidruros metálicos para el almacenamiento de hidrógeno, estudio de los efectos cuánticos y transiciones de fase en sistemas magnéticos, en los sistemas de escala nanométrica para la investigación de vidrios orgánicos y/o sintéticos a temperaturas superiores/inferiores a temperatura ambiente. Condiciones adiabáticas se vuelven más complicadas de satisfacer cuando la temperatura y las dimensiones de la muestra disminuyen. Medidas puntuales de capacidades caloríficas pequeñas a temperaturas bajas resultan complicadas debido a que pequeñas transferencias de calor involucradas en el ambiente podrían contribuir a grandes errores. Con el objetivo de medir el calor liberado o absorbido durante transiciones de fase en pequeñas muestras, hemos desarrollado una técnica calorimétrica basada en compensación de potencia que puede mantener ritmos de calentamiento lineales de 1 - 1000 K/s en condiciones no adiabáticas. El dispositivo funciona en el rango intermedio entre valores calorimetría convencionales β 10 3 K/s. Control activo en tiempo real durante el proceso de calentamiento/enfriamento se lleva a cabo mediante la utilización de la tarjeta FPGA NI-7833, la cual incluye un campo programable de matrices de 3M de memoria con un lazo de control de 20 μs. Una mejora de la metodología existente logra minimizar la acción de control a través de la implementación de perfiles predefinidos de intensidad. Con una resolución en energía de ~1μJ, este es un sistema calorimétrico muy sensible basado en compensación de potencia. Además, se destaca la capacidad de esta técnica de calorimetría basada en membranas de capa fina para caracterizar transiciones de fase limitadas cinéticamente como lo es el proceso de des-hidrogenación en hidruros metálicos. Proporcionamos una primera visión sobre el desarrollo de una técnica de detección multi-paralela de alto rendimiento. Se analizaron las reacciones de des-hidrogenación en varios hidruros metálicos de capa fina (Magnesio puro, Mg/Al y MgTi). Se determinó la influencia de la composición de la aleación a la temperatura inicial de des-hidrogenación. Capas vítreas de moléculas orgánicas preparadas mediante deposición en fase vapor a temperaturas ligeramente por debajo de la temperatura de transición vítrea se comportan como vidrios más estables comparados a los enfriados desde el líquido. Una alta estabilidad se obtiene al depositar alrededor de 0.8 Tg. Mediante nanocalorimetría podemos monitorear el comportamiento de las muestras y determinar su estabilidad cinética y termodinámica. Capas vítreas de tolueno, etilbenceno y agua fueron preparadas directamente en las membranas de SiN de los calorímetros a bajas temperaturas (90K) utilizando un evaporador en una cámara de alto vacío. Los tratamientos térmicos se llevan a cabo insitu mediante una técnica de calorimetría altamente sensible con ritmos de calentamiento en el orden de 105 K/s a capas finas entre 5 - 100 nm de grosor. Las capas más finas disponen de una estabilidad cinética menor mientras aumentan su estabilidad termodinámica. Procesos de envejecimiento modificará las propiedades físicas del vidrio acercándose a configuraciones de alta estabilidad. Los efectos de envejecimiento se borran cuando se caliente el vidrio por encima de su transición vítrea. La temperatura de envejecimiento con mayor impacto corresponderá a la temperatura ficticia (Tf) de la capa depositada en fase vapor.To understand essential properties of materials it is necessary to dispose of an experimental countenance with a high accurate thermodynamic measurement system. Membrane-based nanocalorimetry is an important tool for thermophysical analysis since this technique can achieve pJ/K resolution and characterize the presence of possible unknown nanophases in modern materials. Some new class materials may be complicated to produce in large size samples and can just be available in small quantities or thin films. Examples of attractive applications of novel calorimetric techniques include highthroughput synthesis and screening of thin films and metal hydrides for hydrogen storage, the study of quantum effects and phase transitions in magnetic systems, in nano-scale systems to investigate synthetic and/or organic glasses below/above room temperature. Adiabatic conditions become more complicated to be satisfied when the temperature and sample dimension decreases. Accurate measurements of low temperature heat capacities become thus more difficult because small heat fluxes from the surroundings can lead to significant errors. With the goal of measuring the heat released or absorbed during phase transitions occurring in small samples, we have developed a power compensated membrane-based calorimeter that can maintain linear heating rates spanning 1- 1000 K/s under non-adiabatic conditions. The device works in the intermediate range of heating rates between conventional, β 10 3 K/s, scanning calorimeters. Active control in real time during heating/cooling experiments is achieved using the NI-7833 FPGA card, which includes a 3M field programmable array with a control loop timer of 20 μs. An improvement of the existing methodology [7] achieved by minimizing control action through the use of predefined temperature profiles is also demonstrated. With ~1μJ energy sensitivity, this is a very sensitive scanning calorimeters working in power-compensation mode [8]. In addition, we highlight the suitability of the thin film membranebased calorimetric technique to measure kinetically limited phase transitions such as the dehydrogenation of metallic hydrides and provide a first insight into the development of a multiparallel high-throughput screening technique. We analyzed the dehydrogenation reaction in several metallic hydrides (pure Mg, Mg/Al and MgTi) thin films. We determine the influence of the alloy composition on the onset dehydrogenation temperature. Glassy films of organic molecules grown by physical vapor deposition at temperatures slightly below the glass transition temperature behave as stable glasses compared to those cooled directly from the liquid. Higher stability is achieved when depositing at 0.8Tg. By means of nanocalorimetry we can monitor the behavior of the samples and determine their kinetic and thermodynamic stability. Glassy toluene, ethylbezene and water films were directly deposited using a home-made evaporator design in an ultra high vacuum chamber onto the SiNx membrane of the microcalorimetric chips at temperatures above liquid-nitrogen. Calorimetric scans are done in situ with a high sensitivity calorimetric setup with scanning rates up to 10 5 K/s. In quasi-adiabatic treatment ultrafast heating rates are applied for samples from 5 to 100 nm thickness. Thinner films dispose of a less kinetic stability while increasing their thermodynamical stability. Aging a glass will modify its physical properties and approach the sample to more stable configurations. Physical aging effects are erased by heating the glass above its glass transition. The optimal aging temperature will correspond to fictive temperature (Tf) of the corresponding AD film. Kinetic effects on several transitions such as crystallization are of high interest. With nanocalorimetry it is possible to study this type of phenomena. With pulse-heating we can apply fast (15000 K/s) and ultra fast (40000 K/s) heating rates and characterize different size samples. Although in some cases these complex kinetic events may have to be supported with proper and high-quality modeling

Noticias sobre violencia en los periódicos regiomontanos, durante 2010

Investigación que analiza las noticias sobre seguridad pública en N. L. durante 2010, en los diarios El Norte, El Porvenir y Milenio, para determinar la violencia y sus modalidades en las noticias, conocer espacios y características de los titulares, determinar la clasificación de hechos, actores principales, secundarios y lenguaje. Espacios variados y contrastantes. Los encabezados oscilan entre 6 y 8 palabras. Hechos: accidentes de tránsito, asesinatos, secuestros, levantones, manifestaciones, robos, liberaciones y ejecuciones. La violencia se presenta en todos sus tipos

Noticias sobre violencia en los periódicos regiomontanos, durante 2010

Research that analyzes the news on public security in N. L. during 2010, newspapers El Norte, El Porvenir and Milenio, to determine the violence and its forms in the news learn about spaces and characteristics of holders, determine the classification of facts, actors main, secondary and language. Varied and contrasting spaces. The headlines ranged from 6 and 8 words. Facts: accidents in transit, murders, abductions, accidents, demonstrations, theft, release and executions. The violence is presented in all its types.Investigación que analiza las noticias sobre seguridad pública en N. L. durante 2010, en los diarios El Norte, El Porvenir y Milenio, para determinar la violencia y sus modalidades en las noticias, conocer espacios y características de los titulares, determinar la clasificación de hechos, actores principales, secundarios y lenguaje. Espacios variados y contrastantes. Los encabezados oscilan entre 6 y 8 palabras. Hechos: accidentes de tránsito, asesinatos, secuestros, levantones, manifestaciones, robos, liberaciones y ejecuciones. La violencia se presenta en todos sus tipos