Crenças e concepções dos licenciandos em Matemática sobre a profissão docente

The aim of this paper was to listen to a math teacher education group of seven students about their motives to choose the teaching profession, their beliefs and conceptions about teaching and how they appraised knowledge and practices they have experienced in their teacher education course. The data gathering procedure was the interview with the students-teachers. The material was analyzed by a research group who after reading the transcriptions several times first developed a chart containing pre-indicators or the meaningful topics of the interviews content. Secondly the data were organized in three categories: relation with knowledge: the choice of teaching profession; professional knowledge; and beliefs and conceptions about the profession. The prospective teachers discourse disclosed how relevant was both the role of the teacher educator as well as the teaching practices experienced during the teacher education course. The data pointed out that propositions should be developed to improve the teacher education curriculum.O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a opinião de um grupo de sete licenciandos em matemática sobre os motivos de escolha da profissão docente, sobre suas crenças e concepções sobre a docência e sobre como avaliam os conhecimentos e as práticas vivenciadas no curso de licenciatura. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados é a entrevista. Os dados foram analisados pelo grupo de pesquisa, que, após várias leituras e discussões coletivas, organizou quadros com os pré-indicadores ou os aspectos mais significativos do conteúdo das entrevistas. Em uma fase posterior, os dados foram reorganizados em três grandes categorias: Relação com o saber: escolha profissional; Saberes da formação profissional; e Crenças e concepções sobre a profissão. As falas dos licenciandos em Matemática deixam evidente o relevante papel do professor formador e das práticas vividas no curso de formação inicial, bem como sinalizam a necessidade de proposições para o redimensionamento dos currículos de licenciatura

Calcium and magnesium released from residues in an integrated crop-livestock system under different grazing intensities

Under integrated crop-livestock production systems (ICLS), plant and animal residues are important nutrient stocks for plant growth. Grazing management, by affecting the numbers of both plants and animals and the quality of residues, will influence nutrient release rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of grazing intensity on Ca and Mg release from pasture, dung, and soybean residues in a long-term no-till integrated soybean-cattle system. The experiment was established in May 2001 in a Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico (Rhodic Hapludox). Treatments were a gradient of grazing intensity, determined by managing a black oat + Italian ryegrass pasture at 10, 20, 30, and 40 cm grazing height and no-grazing (NG), followed by soybean cropping. Ca and Mg release rates were determined in two entire cycles (2009/11). Moderate grazing (20 and 30 cm sward height) led to greater Ca and Mg release rates from pasture and dung residues, with low average half-life values (13 and 3 days for Ca and 16 and 6 days for Mg for pasture and dung, respectively). Grazing compared with NG resulted in greater Ca and Mg release from pasture and dung residues. Grazing intensity did not affect Ca and Mg release rates or amounts from soybean residues, but Ca and Mg release rates were greater from soybean leaves than from stems. Although moderate grazing intensities produce higher quality residues and higher calcium and magnesium release rates, a higher total nutrient amount is released by light grazing intensity and no-grazing, determined by higher residue production. Grazing intensity is, then, important for nutrient dynamics in the soil-plant-animal continuum

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.

Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Atividade docente na educação infantil: gênero e estilo

A pesquisa objetivou conhecer como vem sendo desenvolvida a atividade docente numa escola municipal de educação infantil no interior do estado de São Paulo. Utilizou-se como procedimentos de coleta de dados: observação e análise documental e como instrumentos, a entrevista e o questionário. Os resultados mostraram que a organização da atividade docente na EMEI pesquisada considera as Diretrizes Curriculares, bem como a Teoria das Inteligências Múltiplas. Tais prescrições trouxeram mudanças no planejamento e na dinâmica das atividades da escola e geraram incertezas quanto às novas formas de atuação, revelando contradições existentes no trabalho. Nas situações em que o prescrito falha, a professora busca no gênero profissional novas possibilidades de atuação, recriando-as por meio do estilo pessoal. Palavras-chave: Atividade docente. Educação infantil. Gênero. Estilo

Diários de formação: potencialidades para a ampliação dos letramentos acadêmicos e pedagógicos

The purpose of this article is to analyze the contributions of formative diaries as a methodological strategy for expanding skills related to academic literacies and pedagogical literacies. The study undertaken here addresses the articulation between teacher education and the concept of literacies, highlighting the relevance of a formative path that promotes an active responsive understanding of discourses about the educational process and institutionalized sayings on pedagogical practices. Through a theoretical research, this article presents the contributions of the production / discussion of the formative diaries as enhancers of the research-reflection-action processes necessary for the constitution of teaching in the context of pre-service teachers, in order to enable the expansion of possibilities academic literacies and pedagogical literacies.O presente artigo tem por objetivo discorrer acerca das contribuições dos diários de formação como estratégia metodológica para a ampliação dos letramentos acadêmicos e dos letramentos pedagógicos. O artigo ensaístico aqui empreendido trata da articulação entre a formação docente e o conceito de letramentos, buscando considerar a relevância de um percurso formativo que promova uma compreensão ativa responsiva dos discursos acerca do processo educativo e dos dizeres institucionalizados sobre as práticas pedagógicas. A partir de uma pesquisa teórica, os resultados apontam para a relevância dos diários de formação como potencializadores dos processos de investigação-reflexão-ação necessários à constituição da docência no contexto da formação inicial, ampliando as possibilidades de letramentos acadêmicos e letramentos pedagógicos.El propósito de este artículo es analizar los aportes de los diarios de formación como estrategia metodológica para ampliar las habilidades relacionadas con literacidades académicas y pedagógicas. El estudio aquí realizado aborda la articulación entre la formación docente y el concepto de literacidades, destacando la relevancia de un camino formativo que promueva una comprensión activa y receptiva de los discursos sobre el proceso educativo y los dichos institucionalizados sobre las prácticas pedagógicas. A través de una investigación teórica, este artículo presenta los aportes de la producción / discusión de los diarios de formación como potenciadores de los procesos investigación-reflexión-acción necesarios para la constitución de la docencia en el contexto de los profesores en formación, a fin de posibilitar la expansión de posibilidades literacidades académicas y literacidades pedagógicas

Músicas, jogos e brincadeiras cantadas no processo de desenvolvimento das práticas corporais na Educação Infantil

O texto discute a importância da ludicidade para o desenvolvimento psíquico da criança na primeira infância. Tem como objetivo possibilitar a vivência com a musicalização através de jogos e brincadeiras cantadas. Desenvolvendo uma ação educativa que deve ocorrer a partir dos movimentos espontâneos da criança e através das atividades corporais. Com isso pretendeu-se identificar os processos sócios cognitivos. Artigo desenvolvido através das vivências obtidas nas atividades do estágio supervisionado feitas no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física nos anos de 2010/2 e 2011/1, em escolas de Educação Infantil (CMEI) dos municípios de Vitória-ES e Cariacica-ES, cujos resultados demonstram que a musicalização, jogos e brincadeiras auxiliam no desenvolvimento integral da criança (atenção, memória, concentração) além de desenvolver aspectos afetivo, cognitivo, físico e social