Bringing economics to structural realism: Differentiation and the dialogue of asymmetries between political and economic structures in the stratification of international hierarchies

El presente trabajo pretende comprender el proceso de estratificación material de las jerarquías internacionales a través de la dinámica de socialización, que interrelaciona las estructuras políticas y económicas de diferenciación en las relaciones interestatales. El estudio del nexo entre la política y la economía no es novedoso en las Relaciones Internacionales. Sin embargo, la literatura teórica de la disciplina carece de una comprensión de las estructuras políticas y económicas de modo independiente, sin reducir unas a las otras. Para completar esta laguna, este artículo reinterpreta el realismo estructural a la luz del reciente debate sobre la concepción sociológica de las estructuras como subsistemas de diferenciación entre actores de un determinado sistema social. El marco conceptual de la teoría de la diferenciación estructural es utilizado como lenguaje para entender y caracterizar la socialización configurada entre estructuras asimétricas, tales como las de naturaleza política y económica. Así, se discuten los nexos que emergen de las transacciones sociales internacionales de naturaleza política y económica considerando su papel en la constitución del sistema de estados contemporáneo y sus efectos estructurantes sobre el sistema internacionalThe present work tries to understand the stratification of international hierarchies through the socialization dynamics that intersects political and economic structures of differentiation in interstate relations. The study of the nexus between politics and economics is hardly new in International Relations. However, the understanding of economic and political structures in a discreet way, without reducing one to the other, is something that discipline is lacking in its theoretical literature. To fill this gap, structural realism is reinterpreted in the light of the recent debate on the sociological conception of structures as subsystems of differentiation between the actors of a given social system. The conceptual framework of the theory of structural differentiation is used as a language to understand and characterize the socialization configured among structures of asymmetries, such as those of political and economic nature. Thus, the socialization nexuses emerging from international social transactions of political and economic nature are discussed considering their role in the constitution of the contemporary state system and its structuring effects on the international syste

Correlação entre prática de atividade física e mortalidade por COVID-19: um estudo ecológico

TCC(graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Medicina.Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre as prevalências populacionais de prática de atividade física e as taxas padronizadas de mortalidade por COVID-19 nas cidades capitais brasileiras. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, cuja análise é secundária. As prevalências de inatividade física, atividade física insuficiente e atividade física no tempo livre foram obtidas do inquérito Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico 2019 (VIGITEL), de acordo com minutos despendidos em lazer, deslocamentos e atividades domiciliares. Os dados de mortalidade por COVID-19 foram obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe), somando os óbitos acumulados até 31 de dezembro de 2020. A população residente foi estimada a partir do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) para o ano de 2020. A Correlação de Pearson avaliou a correlação entre a prevalência de diferentes práticas de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19, no total e segundo faixas etárias. Resultados: Houve correlação significativa positiva (r = 0,420; p = 0,029) entre a prevalência geral de atividade física insuficiente e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Não foi observada correlação entre as demais prevalências de prática de atividade física e taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19. Conclusões: Houve correlação entre os níveis insuficientes de atividade física e a taxa padronizada de mortalidade por COVID-19 em pessoas que vivem nas cidades capitais brasileiras

The Role of Trust, Knowledge Diffusion and Contracts in Sunflower Production Chains in Brazil

The replacement of animal protein by plant protein is a trend in human nutrition and sunflower appears as a promising raw material. Dealing with innovation in the food industry requires attention not only to the product development process, but to the whole production chain related to it. Within this context and in face of the potential participation of Brazil in the business of sunflower protein food ingredients, this study aims to describe and analyze the operational dynamics of sunflower production chains in Brazil. To deal with this issue, we adopted the multiple-case study approach based on three production chains of sunflower oil in Brazil. Transaction cost economics and social network are the theoretical background for the analysis. Our findings suggest an environment with high transaction costs in the operation of the production chains of sunflower oil in Brazil. The processing company is the chain coordinator agent, being responsible to attract the farmers to the business of sunflower, using the strategies of crop promotion and verticalization. Crop promotion is in some degree the pattern of chain operation for all cases. It refers to a set of actions generally coordinated by the processing company aiming to encourage and assist farmers in the growing of sunflower. Moreover, it serves as a trust building and supervision strategy. Regional features influence the chain operation in terms of crop promotion applied by the processing company and the role of agents from farm supply retail stores (FSRS). The strategies of crop promotion and verticalization have not been sufficient to easily guarantee the provision of sunflower to the processing companies. Our findings show that if investments in the production of sunflower protein food ingredients are to be made in Brazil, it is necessary to consider the complex institutional arrangements in which the sunflower production chains operate, seeking to guarantee the necessary provision of raw material for the processing company

HIERARQUIA SOB A ANARQUIA: POSSIBILIDADES ESTRATÉGICAS NO DILEMA DE SEGURANÇA PARA A SEMIPERIFERIA

Este trabalho problematiza o dilema de segurança para a Semiperiferia. A particularidade desse dilema para tais países é expressa por sua limitação na produção de respostas efetivas a ganhos de segurança alheios no nível sistêmico, dada sua restrição estática de recursos. Estuda-se como a especificidade social e funcional da Semiperiferia no sistema pode ser mais bem aproveitada em possibilidades estratégicas para além das previstas no dilema de segurança guiado pela anarquia. Busca-se ampliar a variabilidade comportamental do Realismo Estrutural, incorporando mecanismos interativos hierarquizados capazes mais bem de gerenciar a assimetria de recursos entre as unidades em meio à anarquiaRecebido em: 06 janeiro 2015Aceito em: 13 julho 201

L'America Latina è diventata irelevante?

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“Viagem e alargamento conceitual” na apropriação do léxico emergente ao estudo das Relações Internacionais

O trabalho analisa o léxico “emergente” em sua apropriação no estudo das Relações Internacionais. O trabalho parte da observação de que o emprego desse predicado a fenômenos das Relações Internacionais carrega transformações em seu significado original, na literatura sobre mercados financeiros. A análise proposta está estruturada em três etapas. Primeiramente, observamos as transformações semânticas do termo em sua literatura original, bem como a historicidade envolta em sua apropriação pelas Relações Internacionais. Essa apropriação será sustentada, à continuação, através de um estudo quantitativo, utilizado como proxy da disseminação do emprego do léxico emergente na disciplina. Por fim, a análise conduz um estudo qualitativo sobre os padrões semânticos no emprego do termo na disciplina, de modo a obter um protótipo conceitual do termo apropriado. Na conclusão, serão discutidos alguns aspectos teórico-metodológicos dos resultados para utilizar o termo “emergente” como um conceito nas Relações Internacionais

Identification by MALDI-TOF MS of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolated from a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in an immunocompetent patient

Sporotrichosis is a globally distributed subcutaneous fungal infection caused by dimorphic fungi belonging to the Sporothrix species complex that affects the skin of limbs predominantly, but not exclusively. A rare case of ocular sporotrichosis in an immunocompetent Brazilian patient from the countryside of Rio de Janeiro State is reported. A 68-year-old woman presented with a subconjunctival infiltrative lesion in the right eye with pre-auricular lymphadenopathy of onset 4 months ago that evolved to suppurative nodular lesions on the eyelids. Conjunctival secretion was evaluated by histopathological examination and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Histopathology showed oval bodies within giant cells and other mononucleated histiocytes. Fungus grown on SDA was identified as Sporothrix sp. by morphological observations. The isolated strain was finally identified by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) associated with an in-house database enriched with reference Sporothrix complex spectra. The strain presented a MALDI spectrum with the ion peaks of the molecular mass profile of S. brasiliensis. The patient was adequately treated with amphotericin B subsequently replaced by itraconazole. Due to scars left by the suppurative process, the patient presented poor final visual acuity. The present work presents an overview of ocular sporotrichosis and discusses the diagnostic difficulty that can lead to visual sequelae in these cases.Financial support for this work by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro [FAPERJ] (Grants: INST E-26/010.001784/2016; JCNE E-26/203.301/2017), by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq] (Grant Proc. 409227/2016-1). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES). MALDI-TOF MS analyses were partially developed using equipment funded by CONICYT/Chile through the project Fondequip EQM160054 2016. The Universidad de La Frontera (Temuco, Chile) partially funded this work through the Project DIUFRO PIA19-0001. Furthermore, this study was also supported by FCT under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2019 unit and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clinicopathological analysis of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma : a series of 10 cases and literature review

To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of a series of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and to review the literature. Cases diagnosed as RMS affecting the head and neck region were retrospectively retrieved from the files of two Brazilian institutions from January 2006 to January 2017. Data on clinical features (sex, age and affected site), microscopic subtype, immunohistochemical results, treatment employed and follow-up status were obtained from the patient?s medical charts. During the period considered, 10 cases of RMS were identified. Females predominated (4M:6F), the mean age at diagnosis was 16.5 years-old and the orbit was the most affected site (4 cases). Microscopically, most cases were classified as embryonal RMS (6 cases) and the Desmin/Myogenin/Myo-D1 immunohistochemical positivity was useful to confirm the diagnosis. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied to 9 and 8 patients respectively, whereas 2 patients were treated by surgery. Recurrences occurred in 3 patients and distant metastasis in 2 cases. Nine patients were alive in their last follow-up, 3 of them with disease, whereas 1 patient died due to the disease. Head and neck RMS is an aggressive malignant neoplasm which demands especial concern to achieve early diagnosis and successful treatment