Relacionamento de preços no mercado nordestino de tomate

The objective this paper is to analyze the relationships in the prices on the tomatoes wholesale market prices of Fortaleza (CE), Ibiapaba (CE), Recife (PE) e Salvador (BA). Time series methods were used: unit root test, Johansen co-integration test, VAR models, and variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function. The results showed that the prices of Fortaleza influencies the wholesale market of Ibiapaba (CE), Recife (PE) e Salvador (BA).Wholesale market, Price transmission, VAR model, Tomatoes, Demand and Price Analysis,

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Price Transmission Analysis of the Braslian wholesale market of melon

FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃThe present study has the purpose to analyze the relationship among wholesale market of yellow melon in Brazil. Time series methods, unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Vectorial Autoregressive models (VAR), variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function were used to analyze the price transmission among these markets. The analyzed period embraces January 2001 to December 2005. The results showed that, despite AÃu/MossorÃ-RN and baixo Jaguaribe-CE represents the national biggest melon production areas, wholesale prices deviations from the Supply Centers of Natal and Fortaleza, didnât affect in a significant way the other markets studied. On the other hand, price variation of the CEAGESP - Companhia de Entrepostos e ArmazÃns Gerais de SÃo Paulo, affects all the others wholesale markets analyzed. Therefore, the CEAGESP, representing national wholesalers, it being the biggest intermediary of the country, commands the Brazilian yellow melon market, establishing, in practice, an oligopolistic market. This means that, the CEAGESP wholesalers imposes the market prices, and that, Supply Centers of Natal, Fortaleza, Salvador, Recife, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte and BrasÃlia are prices takers of the yellow melon wholesale market of Brazil.O presente estudo se propÃs a analisar a relaÃÃo entre os mercados atacadistas de melÃo amarelo no Brasil. Para examinar a transmissÃo de preÃos entre estes mercados, foram empregados mÃtodos de sÃries de tempo, teste de raiz unitÃria, teste de cointegraÃÃo de Johansen, o modelo auto-regressivo vetorial (VAR), decomposiÃÃo da variÃncia dos erros de previsÃo e funÃÃo-resposta ao impulso. O perÃodo analisado abrange janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2005. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar de os pÃlos AÃu/MossorÃ-RN e baixo Jaguaribe-CE representarem as maiores Ãreas produtoras nacionais de melÃo, variaÃÃes nos preÃos de atacado de melÃo amarelo das Centrais de Abastecimento de Natal e Fortaleza nÃo afetam de maneira significativa os preÃos dos outros mercados estudados. VariaÃÃes nos preÃos da CEAGESP - Companhia de Entrepostos e ArmazÃns Gerais de SÃo Paulo, no entanto, tÃm impacto sobre todos os mercados atacadistas analisados. Assim sendo, a CEAGESP, representando os atacadistas nacionais e sendo a maior intermediadora do PaÃs, comanda o mercado brasileiro de melÃo amarelo comercializado, constituindo, na prÃtica, um mercado oligopolÃstico. Tal significa que os atacadistas da CEAGESP impÃem os preÃos de mercado e que as Centrais de Abastecimento de Natal, Fortaleza, Salvador, Recife, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte e BrasÃlia aparecem como tomadoras de preÃo do melÃo amarelo comercializado no Brasil

Relacionamento de preços no mercado nordestino de tomate

The objective this paper is to analyze the relationships in the prices on the tomatoes wholesale market prices of Fortaleza (CE), Ibiapaba (CE), Recife (PE) e Salvador (BA). Time series methods were used: unit root test, Johansen co-integration test, VAR models, and variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function. The results showed that the prices of Fortaleza influencies the wholesale market of Ibiapaba (CE), Recife (PE) e Salvador (BA)

Análise de transmissão de preços do mercado atacadista de melão do Brasil

O presente estudo se propôs a analisar a relação existente entre os mercados atacadistas de melão amarelo no Brasil. Para analisar a transmissão de preços entre estes mercados, utilizaram-se métodos de séries de tempo, teste de raiz unitária, teste de co-integração de Johansen, o modelo Auto-regressivo Vetorial (VAR), decomposição da variância dos erros de previsão e função resposta ao impulso. O período analisado abrangeu janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2005. Os resultados mostraram que, apesar dos pólos Açu/Mossoró-RN e Baixo Jaguaribe-CE representarem as maiores áreas produtoras nacionais de melão, variações nos preços de atacado de melão amarelo das Centrais de Abastecimento de Natal e Fortaleza, não afetam de maneira significativa os preços dos outros mercados estudados. No entanto, variações nos preços da Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo (CEAGESP) têm impacto sobre todos os mercados atacadistas analisados. Assim sendo, a CEAGESP, representando os atacadistas nacionais, e sendo a maior intermediadora do país, comanda o mercado brasileiro de melão amarelo comercializado, constituindo, na prática, um mercado oligopolístico

Análise de transmissão de preços do mercado atacadista de melão do Brasil

The present study has the purpose to analyze the relationship among wholesale market of yellow melon in Brazil. Time series metho-ds, unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Vectorial Autoregressive models (VAR), variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function were used to analyze the price transmission among these markets. The analyzed period embraces January 2001 to December 2005. The results showed that, despite Açu/Mossoró-RN and Baixo Ja-guaribe-CE represents the national biggest melon production areas, who-lesale prices deviations from the Supply Centers of Natal and Fortaleza, didn’t affect in a significant way the other markets studied. On the other hand, price variation of the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Ar-mazéns Gerais de São Paulo), affects all the others wholesale markets analyzed. Therefore, the CEAGESP, representing national wholesalers, it being the biggest intermediary of the country, commands the Brazilian yellow melon market, establishing, in practice, an oligopolistic market

Análise de transmissão de preços do mercado atacadista de melão do Brasil

The present study has the purpose to analyze the relationship among wholesale market of yellow melon in Brazil. Time series methods, unit root test, Johansen cointegration test, Vectorial Autoregressive models (VAR), variance decomposition of prediction error and impulse response function were used to analyze the price transmission among these markets. The analyzed period embraces January 2001 to December 2005. The results showed that, despite Açu/Mossoró-RN and Baixo Jaguaribe-CE represents the national biggest melon production areas, wholesale prices deviations from the Supply Centers of Natal and Fortaleza, didn’t affect in a significant way the other markets studied. On the other hand, price variation of the CEAGESP (Companhia de Entrepostos e Armazéns Gerais de São Paulo), affects all the others wholesale markets analyzed. Therefore, the CEAGESP, representing national wholesalers, it being the biggest intermediary of the country, commands the Brazilian yellow melon market, establishing, in practice, an oligopolistic market