Visões de ciências de jovens universitários: um estudo de caso sobre a influência dos nichos sociocultural e de pesquisa

Partindo-se de visões sobre ciência e sua filosofia no mundo moderno, este é um estudo de caso que reflete acerca das contribuições dos nichos de pesquisa na construção de uma natureza da ciência dos alunos de Ciências Biológicas Modalidade Médica, um curso de graduação, na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, que tem por objetivo formar pesquisadores. Foram entrevistados 117 alunos. A análise foi estruturada com base em um questionário fechado que continha questões como “O que é fazer ciência?”, “Como se dá o progresso da ciência?”, “Por que você escolheu esse curso?”. Os resultados mostram as visões de ciência desses alunos: romântica, técnica e social e como essas visões são construídas ao longo da graduação

Alcohol y cáncer: análisis de la percepción de una muestra de la población a través de la herramienta SurveyMonkey®

Aproximadamente 90 a 95% de todos los cánceres están asociados con el estilo de vida, y un tercio se relaciona con los alimentos, incluidas las bebidas alcohólicas. Este estudio trata de identificar la percepción pública de los brasileños acerca del alcohol y del cáncer. Se realizó una búsqueda construida con la ayuda de la herramienta online SurveyMonkey® lanzada por el Facebook®. La muestra incluyó 231 participantes entre 13 y 45 años, procedentes de 25 estados brasileños diferentes y de todas las clases sociales. La mayoría de los participantes (83%) cree que la publicidad de la bebida alcohólica afecta a los demás, pero no a sí mismos (87%). Con base en los resultados, sugerimos una estrategia de comunicación en salud

Colecistite Aguda: aspectos clínicos e manejo terapêutico: Acute Cholecystitis: clinical aspects and therapeutic management

A Colecistite aguda (CA) é uma patologia que gera estase da bile, isquemia, edema da parede da vesícula e gangrena, devido ao esvaziamento inadequado da vesícula biliar. Quanto à epidemiologia, a CA está entre os principais diagnósticos gastrointestinais nos atendimentos emergenciais e possuem maior prevalência em mulheres e em pessoas com fatores de risco, como obesidade, doença hepática, exposição hormonal e diabetes. Quanto às manifestações clínicas, a doença apresenta dor abdominal como principal sintoma, mas também pode estar associada à febre, náuseas e vômitos. Sua identificação depende de uma anamnese minuciosa, um exame físico bem detalhado e exames complementares. No que tange ao diagnóstico clínico, sensibilidade e defesa abdominal à palpação, presença de massa abdominal e sinal de Murphy presente, são essenciais para identificação da patologia. Para diagnóstico definitivo, lança-se mão da Colecistografia, Ultrassom (US), Tomografia Computadorizada (TC) e a Ressonância Nuclear Magnética (RNM), fornecendo mais detalhes com melhor acurácia para, juntamente com os dados clínicos, obter o diagnóstico. Já a abordagem terapêutica, apresenta-se através do manejo farmacológico e cirúrgico. Na abordagem farmacológica, lança-se mão da hidratação, analgesia e antibioticoterapia. A abordagem cirúrgica utiliza a colecistectomia laparoscópica (CL) como escolha principal para um tratamento seguro e eficaz, reservando a laparotomia como alternativa para os casos em que a CL tem fatores impedindo sua execução

Tratamento clínico de manifestações endócrinas do Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico em crianças

Introdução: O lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES) é uma doença autoimune crônica que pode afetar vários órgãos e sistemas do corpo. Nas crianças, o LES pode apresentar sinais e sintomas endócrinos, que são manifestações relacionadas ao sistema endócrino. O tratamento clínico desses sinais e sintomas é essencial para melhorar a qualidade de vida e o prognóstico desses pacientes.Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento clínico dos sinais e sintomas endócrinos do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico em crianças. Metodologia: Foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas nas bases de dados científicas, do PubMed, Embase e Scopus, utilizando palavras-chave como "lúpus eritematoso sistêmico", "crianças", "sinais e sintomas endócrinos" e "tratamento clínico". Foram selecionados estudos relevantes que abordavam o tema em questão, incluindo revisões sistemáticas, estudos clínicos e diretrizes de prática clínica. Resultados: O tratamento clínico dos sinais e sintomas endócrinos do LES em crianças envolve uma abordagem individualizada, considerando a gravidade e a extensão das manifestações endócrinas. Dentre os sintomas endócrinos mais comuns no LES infantil estão a puberdade precoce, o hipotireoidismo, o hipertireoidismo e a disfunção adrenal. No caso da puberdade precoce, podem ser utilizados análogos do hormônio liberador de gonadotrofinas (GnRH) para inibir a secreção hormonal e retardar o desenvolvimento puberal. No hipotireoidismo, a reposição hormonal com levotiroxina é o tratamento padrão. Já no hipertireoidismo, são utilizados medicamentos antitireoidianos, como o metimazol ou propiltiouracil, para controlar a produção excessiva de hormônios tireoidianos. No caso da disfunção adrenal, a reposição de glicocorticóides é necessária para compensar a deficiência hormonal. Além disso, é importante o acompanhamento multidisciplinar, envolvendo endocrinologistas, reumatologistas pediátricos e outros especialistas, para um manejo adequado dos sintomas endócrinos e para prevenir complicações a longo prazo. Conclusão: O tratamento clínico dos sinais e sintomas endócrinos do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico em crianças requer uma abordagem individualizada e multidisciplinar. A identificação precoce e o manejo adequado dessas manifestações endócrinas são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade de vida e o prognóstico desses pacientes. A utilização de terapias específicas, como análogos do GnRH, reposição hormonal e medicamentos antitireoidianos, pode ajudar a controlar os sintomas endócrinos e prevenir complicações a longo prazo

ACUTE HEMORRHAGIC ABDOMEN IN YOUNG PATIENTS: CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT

Acute hemorrhagic abdomen represents a surgical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment. In young patients, the most common causes include perforated peptic ulcer, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst torsion, and abdominal trauma. The clinical presentation is variable, but intense and sudden abdominal pain, associated with signs of hypovolemic shock (hypotension, tachycardia, pallor), is characteristic. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications, such as hemodynamic instability, infection and death. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients, with the aim of assisting health professionals in decision-making and therapeutic planning. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, following the PRISMA checklist criteria. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were searched using the following descriptors: “acute abdomen”, “hemorrhagic abdomen”, “young people”, “surgery”, “emergency”. Original articles published in the last 10 years were included, which addressed young patients diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic abdomen and described the clinical manifestations of the disease and the results of surgical treatments. Case studies, narrative reviews and articles that were not available in full were excluded. Results: The review identified a total of 17 studies that addressed acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients. The results demonstrated that intense and sudden abdominal pain is the most common symptom, often associated with nausea, vomiting and bloating. The presence of signs of peritoneal irritation, such as muscle guarding and pain upon sudden decompression, is suggestive of peritonitis. Complementary tests, such as blood count, coagulogram and computed tomography, are essential for diagnosing and staging the disease. The treatment of acute hemorrhagic abdomen is surgical and aims to control bleeding, remove the cause of hemorrhage and repair tissue damage. Exploratory laparotomy remains the gold standard for treatment, although laparoscopy has become increasingly popular in specialist centers. Conclusion: Acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients is a surgical emergency that requires a quick and effective approach. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are essential for the patient's survival. High clinical suspicion, associated with the performance of appropriate complementary tests, allows diagnosis and initiation of treatment in a timely manner. Exploratory laparotomy remains the procedure of choice, but laparoscopy has proven to be a safe and effective alternative in many cases.Acute hemorrhagic abdomen represents a surgical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment. In young patients, the most common causes include perforated peptic ulcer, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst torsion, and abdominal trauma. The clinical presentation is variable, but intense and sudden abdominal pain, associated with signs of hypovolemic shock (hypotension, tachycardia, pallor), is characteristic. Delay in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious complications, such as hemodynamic instability, infection and death. Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available scientific evidence on the clinical manifestations and surgical treatment of acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients, with the aim of assisting health professionals in decision-making and therapeutic planning. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was carried out, following the PRISMA checklist criteria. The PubMed, Scielo and Web of Science databases were searched using the following descriptors: “acute abdomen”, “hemorrhagic abdomen”, “young people”, “surgery”, “emergency”. Original articles published in the last 10 years were included, which addressed young patients diagnosed with acute hemorrhagic abdomen and described the clinical manifestations of the disease and the results of surgical treatments. Case studies, narrative reviews and articles that were not available in full were excluded. Results: The review identified a total of 17 studies that addressed acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients. The results demonstrated that intense and sudden abdominal pain is the most common symptom, often associated with nausea, vomiting and bloating. The presence of signs of peritoneal irritation, such as muscle guarding and pain upon sudden decompression, is suggestive of peritonitis. Complementary tests, such as blood count, coagulogram and computed tomography, are essential for diagnosing and staging the disease. The treatment of acute hemorrhagic abdomen is surgical and aims to control bleeding, remove the cause of hemorrhage and repair tissue damage. Exploratory laparotomy remains the gold standard for treatment, although laparoscopy has become increasingly popular in specialist centers. Conclusion: Acute hemorrhagic abdomen in young patients is a surgical emergency that requires a quick and effective approach. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are essential for the patient's survival. High clinical suspicion, associated with the performance of appropriate complementary tests, allows diagnosis and initiation of treatment in a timely manner. Exploratory laparotomy remains the procedure of choice, but laparoscopy has proven to be a safe and effective alternative in many cases

G6PD deficiency in Latin America : systematic review on prevalence and variants

Plasmodium vivax radical cure requires the use of primaquine (PQ), a drug that induces haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals, which further hampers malaria control efforts. The aim of this work was to study the G6PDd prevalence and variants in Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean region. A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Low prevalence rates of G6PDd were documented in Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, but studies from Curaçao, Ecuador, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad, as well as some surveys carried out in areas of Brazil, Colombia and Cuba, have shown a high prevalence (> 10%) of G6PDd. The G6PD A-202A mutation was the variant most broadly distributed across LA and was identified in 81.1% of the deficient individuals surveyed. G6PDd is a frequent phenomenon in LA, although certain Amerindian populations may not be affected, suggesting that PQ could be safely used in these specific populations. Population-wide use of PQ as part of malaria elimination strategies in LA cannot be supported unless a rapid, accurate and field-deployable G6PDd diagnostic test is made available

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Sepse: avaliação da qualidade do atendimento em setor de urgência e emergência: Sepsis: assessment of the quality of emergency and emergency care

A Sepse corresponde à presença de uma disfunção orgânica fatal provocada por uma resposta anormal do hospedeiro a um processo infeccioso, que pode progredir para um choque séptico. No decorrer dessa pesquisa, cuja metodologia foi a revisão integrativa de literatura, foram utilizados artigos científicos publicados em periódicos nacionais entre os anos de 2015 e 2022, retirados da base de dados Medline e Lilacs, sendo buscados a partir dos descritores: “Sepse”, “Qualidade do atendimento” e “Urgência e Emergência”. Com o objetivo de analisar a efetividade das ações de cuidados de Enfermagem aplicadas ao sepse adulto, a partir da análise de dados reunidos nesta revisão integrativa, foi possível concluir que a implantação de protocolos para o tratamento resultou em melhorias significativas nos indicadores de qualidade nos cuidados com a sepse, a exemplo da melhoria do fluxo e de atenção aos pacientes e redução da mortalidade nos setores de urgência e emergência

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio