Atributos físicos do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo de agroecossistemas no Território do Caparaó.

A compreensão do impacto do uso e manejo do solo em seus atributos físicos é fundamental no desenvolvimento de sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento dos atributos físicos do solo sob oito tipos de uso e manejo no território do Caparaó (ES). O estudo foi conduzido em oito diferentes agroecossistemas: pastagem de capim gordura (PCG); pastagem de braquiária (PBR); horticultura (HOR); lavouras de café arábica (CA1 e CA2); fruticultura de citros (FRU); floresta de eucalipto (EUC) e vegetação nativa (VEN). Avaliou-se a umidade gravimétrica (UG), a densidade do solo (Ds), a densidade de partícula (DP), a porosidade total (PT) e a resistência do solo a penetração (RP) nas profundidades de 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-40 cm. A maior UG foi encontrada em HOR e VEN. As maiores Ds foram encontradas no sistema de manejo CA2, PCG e FRU. A menor PT ocorreu em PBR na camada superficial (0-10 cm), estatisticamente iguais a CA2 e FRU. Os maiores valores de RP foram observados em PBR para todas as profundidades avaliadas (5,28, 8,32 e 10,68 MPa). As médias da RP nos sistemas de manejo CA1 e CA2 foram iguais estatisticamente, mesmo situados em diferentes localidades. Nos sistemas PCG, PBR, FRU e EUC, os valores de RP, na profundidade de 20-40 cm, ficaram acima de 4,0 MPa, considerados uma limitante para o desenvolvimento radicular. Os resultados indicam que os diferentes manejos das culturas instaladas nos agroecossistemas causam variações significativas nos atributos físicos do solo avaliadosComprehending impacts of soil management and use on its physical attributes is essential to develop sustainable agricultural systems. This study evaluated the behavior of soil physical properties under different types of use and management in “Caparaó Capixaba” territory, state of Espírito Santo. This study was performed in eight different agroecosystems: Molasses grass pasture (PCG); Signalgrass pasture (PBR); Arabic coffee plantation (CA1 and CA2); Horticulture (HOR); Citrus culture (FRU); Eucalyptus forest (EUC) and Native vegetation (VEN). Gravimetric moisture (GM), bulk density (Bd), particle density (Pd), total porosity (Tp) and soil penetration resistance (PR) were evaluated at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–40 cm depths. The highest GM was found in HOR and VEN. The highest Bd were found in the CA2, PCG and FRU management system. At a surface depth (0–10 cm), PBR presented the lowest PT value, statistically equal to CA2 and FRU. The highest values of RP were observed in PBR at all evaluated depths (5.28, 8.32 and 10.68 Mpa). CA1 and CA2 were similar in RP, even when in different places. PCG, PBR, FRU e EUC showed RP higher than 4.0 MPa, which is beyond the critical limit for root system growth. The results indicate that different soil management approaches for the existing crops and vegetation in the agroecosystems can cause significant changes in soil physical attributes

Bíceps braquial ou multíceps braquial? Revisão bibliográfica

A revisão bibliográfica do presente estudo demonstrou que o Bíceps Braquial é composto de uma arquitetura complexa e variável na sua composição. Através da análise de artigos dos últimos cinco anos, concluímos que tal grupo muscular, que cobre quase a totalidade da face anterior do braço e que realiza movimentos nas articulações do ombro, cotovelo e radio ulnar, não conta somente com dois músculos em 100% dos braços humanos, como cita a literatura clássica. Pode ter variantes anatômicas nos seus ventres musculares que agreguem até cinco estruturas na sua composição, com uma possibilidade de 17,18% (variando de 9,73 a 36%) de existirem essas variações extranumerárias aos dois ventres musculares no denominado “bíceps”

Corneal Stromal Abscess in a Dog

ABSTRACTBackground: The eye is an important sense organ responsible for sight. The cornea is the outermost of many eye layers, being predisposed to several lesions, some of them being frequent in small animal clinics meanwhile others are unusual and seldom reported in specialized literature. The stroma abscess is a common condition in horses, but atypical in dogs, it's a condition in which a microperforation in the corneal epithelium allows microorganisms or a foreign body to penetrate the corneal stroma, and those become inside the cornea after a re-epithelialization, producing an intense inflammatory response. Therefore, this case reports a case of deep stromal abscess in a Shih Tzu dog.Case: A 4-year-old female Shih Tzu, weighing 4.6 kg, was submitted to ophthalmic examination in which the left eye presented an opaque yellowish-white protruding structure located on the right side, in the center of the cornea (3 o´clock position), bulbar and palpebral conjunctival hyperemia and congestion, chemosis, blepharospasm, and a moderate amount of mucous discharge. The clinical diagnosis was stromal abscess with reflex uveitis. A differential diagnosis should include conditions affecting the anterior part of the cornea, such as an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer. The inclusion cyst, contrarily to the corneal abscess, doesn't cause pain, meanwhile, the corneal ulcer was ruled out by the Fluorescein Staining Test. The recommended treatment was surgical, through lamellar keratectomy, followed by overlapping pedicled conjunctival graft and third eyelid flap. In association with the surgical treatment, oral antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, and opioids, plus topical antibiotics and autologous serum eye drop. Seventy days post-surgery, the previously observed inflammatory signs were no longer present. In the conjunctival graft insertion site perpetuated a scar leucoma with few blood vessels. The therapy was proven effective in solving the stromal abscess and in visual maintenance. Despite the located opacity due to leucoma, it barely causes any impairment, once its lateral position won't impact the central vision, which is more important to predator species than the peripheral vision.Discussion: Stromal abscess is a pathological condition in which an initial perforating corneal injury leads to a rupture of the epithelial barrier, allowing the access of bacterial, fungus, or foreign bodies of organic nature. The morbidity is more frequent in horses, but this report shows that although uncommon, stromal abscesses can occur in dogs. The diagnosis was achieved by an analysis of the clinical history and findings. Conditions that affect the anterior cornea must be among differential diagnoses. Treatment aims for the removal of infectious material with debridement and curetting of the stroma, by performing the lamellar keratoplasty technique, which produces a corneal wound. The implementation of a pedicled conjunctival graft allows, the influx of growth factors, active replication of stromal collagen by fibroblasts, and direct arrival of antibiotics through the blood supply to the exposed portion of the cornea.  The third eyelid flap is questioned by some authors, once it complicates the post-op follow up, and hinder the topical therapy from directly reaching the eye surface. Autologous serum: A blood-derived product often used to control corneal melting. The Federal Medicine Board determined that autologous serum eyedrops therapy has been scientifically proven effective, being used worldwide in the treatment of severe eye surface conditions. In Veterinary, studies also demonstrated that autologous serum can improve improve the corneal re-epithelialization in dogs.   Keywords: autologous serum, keratectomy, ophthalmology, veterinary.Título: Abscesso estromal em córnea de cãoDescritores: soro autólogo, ceratectomia, oftalmologia, veterinária

Nutritional Health, Food Safety and its Social Determinants: A Brief Narrative Review

In its latest report, the United Nations for Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) pointed out that the number of those who go hungry increased for the third year in a row affecting about 821 million people worldwide in 2018. Moreover, for the most part, studies show that food insecurity tends to follow social trends in such a way that it is precisely population groups in minorities or marginalized who are most likely to be exposed to food shortages and/or lack of access to adequate food. In this scenario, the concepts of food safety and insecurity gain prominence in the international debate playing a role of relevance to global public health. Achieving a healthy and sustainable food model is today one of the main objectives of modern and globalized society. With this, the main objective of this study is to collect in the scientific literature and discuss briefly about the social, environmental and geopolitical determinants that are (or should be) involved in the continuous process of effective human right to adequate feeding

Relationship between the vertical countermovement jump and the simulated performance of the initial 15 meters of crawl swimming performed by adolescent athletes

Background: The start in swimming occurs via a jump that propels the swimmer into the pool. The relationship of the power generated by the start jump to first 15-m performance in swimming events is not yet known. Objective: Verify the correlation of the countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) with the simulated start performance of the crawl swimming. Materials and Methods: The present research was observational pilot study. The sample consisted of 12 Brazilian swimmers aged between 12 and 16 years (male). The CMJ was analyzed by a specific Platform for Jump Testing. Afterward, the athletes were directed to an Olympic swimming pool and positioned themselves in the starting block. Then, at the sound signal (whistle), they swam the first 15 meters of the pool in crawl style at the highest possible speed to simulate the start of the competition of swimming. Results: Thus, the study showed a negative correlation of the CMJ with the simulated start of 15 meters in the crawl style (r =-0.816; p=0.001). The analyses indicated that the CMJ contributes 66% (F (1.10) = 19.92; p=0.001) for the performance of 15 meters during the simulated start of the crawl stroke. It was shown that for every 1 cm increase in CMJ height, there was an improvement of 0.0885 milliseconds in swimming performance. Conclusion: CMJ is associated with the variation of the sprint time during the simulated start of a swimming test in the crawl swimming style

Platelet-rich fibrin for wound healing of palatal donor sites of free gingival grafts : systematic review and meta-analysis

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been referred to as a second-generation platelet concentrate, associated with improvements on the healing of palatal wounds followed by FGG harvesting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the c

Doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos: Aspectos etiológicos e abordagens terapêuticas / Feline lower urinary tract disease: etiological aspects and therapeutic approaches

A doença do trato urinário inferior dos felinos (DTUIF) representa uma afecção rotineira na clínica veterinária e consiste em um processo inflamatório idiopático, ou seja, não possui uma causa específica e envolve vários fatores predisponentes, podendo acarretar em obstrução parcial ou total, além de causar uretropatias e vesiculopatias. A evolução para o quadro obstrutivo é a consequência mais preocupante podendo causar a morte do animal em até 72 horas, isto se deve à falência renal aguda obstrutiva pelo bloqueio do fluxo urinário ou ainda como resultado dos distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e metabólicos causados pela não eliminação da urina. O presente trabalho visou reunir aspectos etiológicos e as possíveis terapêuticas para a resolução de quadros obstrutivos de DTUIF, incluindo as diferentes técnicas empregadas de uretrostomia e possíveis complicações pós cirúrgicas

Um simples modelo empírico para quantificar a deformação residual de uma liga Cu-Al-Be-Nb com memória de forma

O conhecimento amplo do comportamento termomecânico das ligas com memória de forma (LMF) faz-se necessário para obtenção de ligas com elevada histerese térmica, o que torna possível eliminar a necessidade de meios criogênicos em muitas aplicações. Desta forma, os modelos matemáticos surgem como uma alternativa eficaz para descrição deste comportamento termomecânico. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvido um modelo matemático capaz de mensurar a deformação residual para uma liga Cu-Al-Be-Nb em função das variáveis: deformação, temperatura e taxa de deformação. Observa-se que os resultados obtidos por meio do modelo apresentam boa concordância quando comparado com os dados experimentais. Além disso, verificou-se que o modelo é capaz de prever as condições necessárias para se obter a máxima deformação residual. Palavras-chave: Deformação residual; Taxa de deformação; Modelo empírico

The role of pacas of captivity as a potential reservoir of zoonotic fungi in Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil

Animais silvestres podem ser reservatórios naturais de diferentes microrganismos, sendo fundamental o monitoramento destes patógenos para a geração de conhecimento e criação de ferramentas direcionadas a programas de prevenção e controle de enfermidades infecciosas, incluindo as zoonoses. Assim, objetivou-se relatar a diversidade fúngica da pele de pacas criadas em cativeiro no Acre, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil. Foram avaliados 26 animais, dos quais amostras cutâneas foram colhidas por raspagem superficial, avulsão pilosa e escova plástica estéril. As amostras foram semeadas em ágar Mycosel e as características fenotípicas das colônias foram analisadas. Em 80,8% das amostras houve isolamento de diferentes fungos, dos gêneros Candida, Microsporum e Trichophyton, dentre outros. Esta é a primeira descrição da identificação de fungos na pele de pacas e sugere que estes animais podem ser considerados importantes reservatórios de microrganismos saprófitas ou patogênicos, de potencial zoonótico, na Amazônia Ocidental.Wild animals can be natural reservoirs of different microorganisms, essential for monitoring these pathogens for the generation of knowledge and creation of tools aimed at programs for the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including zoonoses. The objective was to report the fungal diversity in the skin of pacas in captivity in Acre, Western Amazon, Brazil. Twenty-six animals were evaluated, from which skin samples were collected by superficial scraping, hair avulsion, and sterile plastic brush. The samples were seeded on Mycosel agar, and the phenotypic characteristics of the colonies were analyzed. In 80.8% of the samples, different fungi were isolated, from the genera Candida, Microsporum, and Trichophyton, among others. This is the first description of the identification of fungi in the skin of pacas and suggests that these animals can be considered essential reservoirs of saprophytic or pathogenic microorganisms with zoonotic potential in the Western Amazon