Organizational and ideological strategies for nationalization : evidence from European parties

How does a party's organizational structure affect its chances of becoming a national party? While existing explanations of party nationalization focus on country-level institutional and societal variables, we argue that aspects of party organization such as the degree of centralization of authority, ideological unity and leadership factionalism are very important. By bringing the analysis to the party level, this article provides a multilevel analysis of institutional and party organization variables and disentangles the effect of each set of influences. We use original data on party organization and party nationalization for 142 parties across 20 European countries. We bring a significant contribution to the literature on nationalization and party development by advancing organizational strategies which parties could adopt in different social and institutional environments

Quicios Molina, Susana y Álvarez Medina, Silvina. El Derecho frente a la violencia dentro de la familia: Un acercamiento multidisciplinar a la violencia de género y la protección de los hijos menores de edad. Pamplona: Aranzadi, 2019

Es reseña de: El derecho frente a la violencia dentro de la familia: un acercamiento multidisciplinar a la violencia de género y la protección de los hijos menores de edad / María Susana Quicios Molina (dir.) Árbol académico, Silvina Álvarez Medina (dir.). Aranzadi Thomson Reuters, 2019. ISBN 978841309742

Incidencia de linfedema en cáncer de mama precoz. Diferencias entre biopsia selectiva de ganglio centinela y linfadenectomía

El linfedema es una patología crónica, infradiagnosticada e infratratada, secundaria a los tratamientos del cáncer de mama. Es una enfermedad crónica, cuyos efectos inciden en la calidad de vida del paciente de forma importante. RESUMEN El cáncer de mama precoz se define como una enfermedad localizada en la mama, con o sin afectación de los ganglios linfáticos regionales y con ausencia de enfermedad metastásica a distancia. El término se basa en el hecho de que el CMP es potencialmente curable y los pacientes con enfermedad metastásica a distancia no lo son. OBJETIVO E HIPÓTESIS En el diagnóstico y tratamiento del cáncer de mama precoz, la biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela se ha convertido en un componente diagnóstico esencial y es en la actualidad el procedimiento de elección para la estadificación axilar. Esta técnica es una herramienta fundamental que puede reducir la necesidad de una segunda intervención quirúrgica en las pacientes con un ganglio centinela negativo. La frecuente aparición de linfedema en el miembro afecto tras la cirugía del cáncer de mama y las limitantes consecuencias derivadas del mismo, justifican la necesidad de profundizar en el estudio de su incidencia, para poder ofrecer a las pacientes las diferentes técnicas que se aplican en el tratamiento. El conocimiento de estas técnicas y sus consecuencias sobre el miembro superior, nos servirán para orientar la necesidad de futura rehabilitación y la planificación de las necesidades terapéuticas que requieran según el tipo de tratamiento aplicado. Esta tesis pretende describir la incidencia de aparición de linfedema en una población objeto de estudio de 158 pacientes, 78 sometidas a biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela sólo y 80 a biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela más linfadenectomía..

The Price of Territorial Politics: Economic Geography, Political Institutions and Party Systems.

This dissertation explores the question of why some countries develop party systems dominated by regional or local parties whereas other countries have party systems dominated by parties with broad national constituencies and broad programmatic appeals. Scholars have predominantly focused on institutions (such as decentralization, regime type or electoral rules) to explain variation in the territorial structure of party systems. In contrast with current scholarship, I argue that the interaction between the geography of societal preferences and institutions better explains cross-national variation in the territorial structure of party systems. More specifically, I argue that the way in which economic interests map onto politically relevant territorial units affects the incentives of candidates to coordinate across these units. When rich and poor voters are territorially concentrated, and the economic differences between these territorial units are large, conflicts over the territorial distribution of central government resources will become salient. And these redistributive pressures will motivate voters and candidates in regions that expect to "lose out" from the redistributive process to coordinate under regional or local party labels, instead of joining nation-wide political alliances. Furthermore, I argue that the effects of the geography of economic preferences on the party system can be mitigated or exacerbated by institutions such as bicameral chambers and flexible internal party organizations. Methodologically, this dissertation adopts a multi-method approach that includes a large-N analysis based on an original dataset comparing party systems in both developed and developing countries as well as old and new democracies and three case studies: Post-War II Italy, Progressive Era United States and Pre- and Post-Unification Germany.PHDPolitical ScienceUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95937/1/caroldmm_1.pd

Competência Emocional no Ensino Superior Psicologia Positiva

A psicologia positiva é uma nova abordagem científica detentora de vastos recursos que permitem desenvolver competência emocional no individuo facilitando a sua adaptação aos mais diversos contextos. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: conhecer as características sociodemográficas, avaliar o nível de competência emocional (“perceção emocional”, “expressão emocional” e “capacidade para lidar com a emoção”) e relacionar a competência emocional, bem como as suas dimensões com algumas variáveis sociodemográficas num grupo de 103 jovens estudantes (m = 17, f = 86), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 22 anos de idade que frequentavam o 1º ano do ensino superior da Escola Superior de Saúde do Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, nos cursos de Enfermagem, Terapia Ocupacional e Fisioterapia. Este estudo é transversal, de cariz quantitativo e do tipo descritivo e correlacional. O instrumento utilizado na recolha de dados foi um questionário constituído por duas partes: a primeira parte por um Questionário Sociodemográfico e a segunda parte pelo Questionário de Competência Emocional. Os resultados apontam para a existência de evidências estatisticamente significativas em relação ao género, à vida social. No que se refere ao género, as jovens revelam uma aptidão maior para lidar com a emoção comparativamente aos jovens. Observa-se ainda que, uma vida social ativa é um bom preditor para uma maior competência emocional. Concluímos que, de uma forma geral, a maioria dos jovens estudantes que integraram esta amostra revelam possuir bons níveis de competência emocional. / Positive psychology is a new scientific approach that has many features that allow you to develop emotional competence in the individual helping them to adapt to many different contexts. The present study aimed to: to know the sociodemographic characteristics, assess the level of emotional competence ("emotional perception", "emotional expression" and "ability to deal with the emotion") and relate to emotional competence, as well as their dimensions to sociodemographic variables in a group of 103 young students (M = 17, F = 86), aged between 18 and 22 years old, attending the 1st year of university, in School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, in Nursing, Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy. This study is cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive and correlational. The instrument used for collect data was a questionnaire consisting of two parts: the first part by a sociodemographic questionnaire and the second part of emotional competence questionnaire. The results point to the existence of statistically significant evidence in relation to gender, social life. With respect to gender, young show a higher capacity to cope with the emotion compared to young people. It is also observed that an active social life is a good predictor for greater emotional competence. We conclude that, in general, the majority of young students who have integrated this sample show good levels of emotional competence

Ameloblastoma unicístico multiloculado em jovem: relato de caso

Ameloblastomas are epithelial odontogenic tumors which may arise from the dental lamina cells remains from the growing dental enamel, epithelium of dental cysts, or from the basal epithelium of the oral mucosa. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2017) currently defines four types of ameloblastomas, thus being: conventional ameloblastoma, unicystic ameloblastoma, peripheral ameloblastoma and metastatic ameloblastoma. The unicystic type is 15% more frequent than all the other types of the disease, and it has marsupialization as a therapeutic alternative. This work dwelves on a case study of a twelve years-old male patient, leukoderma, born in Ituiutaba (MG), who was brought to the Maxillo-facial Surgery & Traumatology Emergency Room in Federal University of Uberlândia’s Dentistry Department. The patient was brought in with complaints of a slow growth protuberance on the right side of his face. Through the extraoral physical examination, a painless, rigid swelling was found on the right side of the patient’s face, thus consisting of noticeable facial asymmetry. Through the intraoral physical examination, tooth 47 was found missing, as well as a laceration in the vestibular fold around the bottom right molars, which is related to a subtle trismus. Medical imaging exams provided a multiocular radiolucent image of approximately four centimetres wide, going through teeth 46, 47 and 48, presenting severe injury to tooth 48, reaching the coronoid process and causing considerable cortical bulging. Alongside the examinations and imaging, the patient underwent yellow secrection positive curettage, followed by marsupialization and an incisive biopsy, which microscopically determined the patient had unicystic ameloblastoma with luminous variant. After six months of treatment and good bone formation, complete lesion enucleation through curettage and a peripheral ostectomy were performed. The collected biological matter was sent in for an anatomohistopatological exam, in which the patient was once again diagnosed with unicystic ameloblastoma, now with mural and luminous variations. After nineteen months of clinical and medical imaging testing and treatment, the patient is now alright, being occasionally checked on, and free of ameloblastomas ressurfacing.UFU - Universidade Federal de UberlândiaTrabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação)Os ameloblastomas são tumores de origem epitelial odontogênica que podem surgir dos restos da lâmina dentária do órgão do esmalte em desenvolvimento, do revestimento epitelial de um cisto odontogênico ou das células basais da mucosa oral. Quatro variantes de ameloblastoma são hoje consideradas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS, 2017), sendo elas: ameloblastoma convencional, ameloblastoma unicístico, ameloblastoma periférico e ameloblastoma metastatizante. A variante unicística apresenta uma prevalência de aproximadamente 15% dentre todos os ameloblastomas e a marsupialização como uma opção terapêutica. Este trabalho relata o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, leucoderma, 12 anos de idade, natural de Ituiutaba-MG, que compareceu ao ambulatório de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial (CTBMF) da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (FOUFU), com queixa de aumento volumétrico de crescimento lento, no lado direito da face. Ao exame físico extraoral observou-se tumefação indolor rígida, do lado direito da face, causando evidente assimetria facial. O exame intraoral revelava a ausência do dente 47 e um mascaramento do fundo de saco de vestíbulo na região dos molares inferiores do lado direito associado a discreto trismo. Exames imaginológicos mostraram uma imagem radiolúcida multiloculada, de aproximadamente 4 centímetros de diâmetro, abrangendo os dente 46, 47 deslocado inferiormente e 48 deslocado para a parte superior do ramo ascendente, com a lesão progredindo em direção ao processo coronóide e provocando considerável abaulamento cortical basilar. Numa mesma intervenção, o paciente foi submetido à punção aspiratória positiva para líquido amarelado, seguida de marsupialização e biópsia incisional que determinou uma microscopia compatível com ameloblastoma unicístico com variante luminal. Após seis meses de acompanhamento e boa neoformação óssea, procedeu-se a enucleação completa da lesão com curetagem e ostectomia periférica. O material coletado foi enviado para o exame anatomohistopatológico sendo compatível com ameloblastoma unicístico, só que dessa vez com variantes mural e luminal presentes. Decorridos 19 meses de proservação clínico-imaginológica, o paciente encontra-se bem, em acompanhamento periódico e livre de recidivas

Experiência Vivida de Pais de Crianças com Paralisia Cerebral

O apoio social que as famílias e os indivíduos ostentam, assim como os próprios mecanismos ou estratégias de coping individuais têm um papel muito importante na forma como os pais, família e mesmo os portadores de paralisia cerebral vivenciam as experiências relacionadas com esta síndrome e com tudo o que ela acarreta (Beckman, 1991, cit in Almeida e Sampaio, 2007). Será a conjugação destas variáveis que irá determinar uma maior ou menor adaptação ao diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral, que naturalmente tem uma interferência profunda no processo de reabilitação destas crianças. O presente estudo tem por objetivo estudar as experiências vividas pelos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral, desde a primeira perceção de que algo fora da normal acontece com os seus filhos, passando pelo processo de diagnóstico até aos dias de hoje. A investigação segue uma orientação de análise qualitativa, com uma amostragem de cinco mães e dois pais de filhos com paralisia cerebral com diagnósticos que variam desde a quadriplegia, passando pela paralisia espática e pela hemiparesia, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os 26 anos. Os dados foram recolhidos através de uma entrevista semiestruturada e analisados acreditando que a descrição é analítica. Através dessas descrições percecionámos serem construídas categorias que, articuladas entre si tenderam a revelar a experiência vivida pelos pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Neste aspeto seguimos a ideia de Langdridge (2007), o qual expõe que a reflexividade é uma fase essencial no método fenomenológico. Podemos então concluir que os casos onde existe um maior atraso no diagnóstico, são aqueles que regra geral a dificuldade de desenvolvimento da criança não está associada a um visível problema neurológico. Que os desencontros entre os pais e a classe médica começa muitas vezes antes da realização do diagnóstico, porem parece ser algo se prolonga no tempo, que como nos podémos aperceber poderá radicar numa lacuna de ensino no que respeita á capacidade de comunicação dos técnicos. Parece assim essencial a melhoria de comunicação entre técnicos de saúde e a família, na medida em que a utilização de uma linguagem em termos acessíveis, compreensíveis e objetiva sobre o estado de saúde do filho vai diminuir ansiedades, preocupações e medos, para alem de dar uma maior confiança aos pais para cuidarem do seu filho em cada momento da reabilitação e da vida. Página V Através do estudo das vivencias dos participantes, podemos perceber ainda da importância que o apoio social tem na adaptação e consequente aceitação desta realidade, pois este tem um papel mediador de stress. / Social support to families and individuals bearing, as well as the mechanisms themselves or individual coping strategies play an important role in how parents, family and even individuals that have cerebral palsy experience the experiences related to this syndrome and all it entails the (Beckman, 1991 cit in Almeida and Sampaio, 2007).The combination of these variables will determine a higher or lower adaptation to cerebral palsy, which naturally has a deep interference in the rehabilitation of these children process. This study aims to learn the experiences of the parents of children with cerebral palsy, from the first perception that something out of the ordinary happens to their children, through the process of diagnosis until the present day. The investigation follows a guideline of qualitative analysis, with a five mothers sampling and two parents of children with cerebral palsy with diagnoses ranging from quadriplegia, through spastic paralysis and the hemiparesis, aged between six and 26 years. Data was collected through a semi-structured interview and analyzed believing that the description is analytical. Through these descriptions learned that the constructed categories, interlinked tended to reveal the experiences of parents of children with cerebral palsy. In this regard we follow the idea of Langdridge (2007), which states that reflexivity is an essential stage in the phenomenological method. We can thus conclude that cases where there is a greater delay in diagnosis, are those who rule the child's developmental difficulty is not associated with a visible neurological problem. That the disagreements between the parents and the medical profession often begins prior to the diagnosis, however it seems like something is prolonged in time, that how can we realize you can settle an educational gap with focus communication skills of the technicians. It seems therefore essential to improve communication between health workers and families, to the extent that the use of a language in terms accessible, understandable and objective about the child's health status will lessen anxieties, worries and fears, in addition to give greater confidence to parents to care for your child at every moment of rehabilitation and life. By studying the livings of the participants, we can still realize the importance that social support has to adapt and consequent acceptance of this reality, as it has a mediating role of stress

Uso de las plataformas LEGO y Arduino en la enseñanza de la programación

Cada vez es más común que los grados de ingeniería y ciencia incluyan la enseñanza de la programación en sus planes de estudio. Estas asignaturas suponen un auténtico desafío para los profesores encargados ya que muchos estudiantes encuentran bastantes dificultades en su primer encuentro con la programación. En la actualidad existen enfoques docentes innovadores que pueden ayudar en esta tarea, la computación física es uno de los más prometedores. Ésta introduce los conceptos de la programación en el mundo real para que el alumno interaccione con ellos. Utilizando este paradigma hemos desarrollado un conjunto de recursos docentes para la enseñanza de la programación en ciencias e ingeniería. Se han preparado un conjunto de demostraciones para ser utilizadas en clase de teoría y varios módulos para ser utilizados por los alumnos en el laboratorio. Las experiencias de teoría y de laboratorio se apoyan en las plataformas Arduino -una microcontroladora open hardware- y LEGO -una plataforma robótica educativa. El material desarrollado ha sido evaluado en un curso de programación dentro del grado de Biología y con estudiantes voluntarios de primero de Matemáticas. Los resultados han sido positivos: se ha incrementado el número de estudiantes que aprenden a programar satisfactoriamente y disfrutan programando. Estos resultados indican que el uso de este recurso docente como complemento a la docencia tradicional mejora el aprendizaje de los estudiantes facilitando la labor del profesor.SUMMARY -- Engineers and scientists increasingly rely on computers for their work. As a consequence most science and engineering degrees have introduced a computer programming course in their curricula. However, lecturers face a complex task when teaching this subject: students consider the subject to be unrelated to their core interests and often feel uncomfortable when learning to program for the first time. Several studies have proposed the use of the physical computing paradigm. This paradigm takes the computational concepts “out of the screen” and into the real world so that the student can interact with them. Using this paradigm we have designed and implemented several introductory programming learning modules for an introductory programming course in science and engineering. These modules are to be used in lectures and laboratory sessions. We selected the Arduino board –an electronic board- and LEGO –a robotic platform- as the hardware platform. The effectiveness of the modules was assessed by comparing two programming courses: in one the teacher used traditional methods; in the other he complemented these with the modules. We evaluated the modules in a programming course for Biology students and found that they were highly effective: more students learned to program and more students enjoyed programming. These results suggest that the physical computing paradigm involves the student more effectively in the learning process

Tracheal self-expandable metallic stents: A comparative study of three different stents in a rabbit model

Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess tracheal reactivity after the deployment of different self-expandable metal stents (SEMS). Material and methods: Forty female New Zealand rabbits were divided into four groups. Three groups received three different SEMS: steel (ST), nitinol (NiTi), or nitinol drug-eluting stent (DES); the fourth group was the control group (no stent). Stents were deployed percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance. Animals were assessed by multislice, computed tomography (CT) scans, and tracheas were collected for anatomical pathology (AP) study. Data from CT and AP were statistically analyzed and correlated. Results: The DES group had the longest stenosis (20.51±14.08 mm vs 5.84±12.43 and 6.57±6.54 mm in NiTi and ST, respectively, day 30; P<.05), and higher granuloma formation on CT (50% of cases). The NiTi group showed the lowest grade of stenosis (2.86±6.91% vs 11.28±13.98 and 15.54±25.95% in DES and ST, respectively; P<.05). The AP study revealed that the ST group developed intense proliferative reactivity compared to the other groups. In the DES group, a destructive response was observed in 70% of the animals, while the NiTi was the least reactive stent. CT was more effective in detecting wall thickening (positive correlation of 68.9%; P<.001) than granuloma (not significant). Conclusions: The ST group developed granulomas and significant stenosis. NiTi was the least reactive stent, while DES caused significant lesions that may be related to drug dosage. This type of DES stent is therefore not recommended for the treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis. Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la reactividad traqueal tras la implantación de distintos stents metálicos autoexpandibles (SMAE). Material y métodos: Se utilizaron 40 conejos hembra de raza neozelandesa, que se dividieron en 4 grupos. En 3 grupos se implantaron SMAE: de acero (SA), de nitinol (NiTi) o stents liberadores de nitinol (SLF). El cuarto grupo fue el grupo de control (sin stent). Los stents se implantaron por vía percutánea bajo control fluoroscópico. Los animales se evaluaron mediante tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) multicorte y las tráqueas se extirparon para su estudio anatomopatológico (EAP). Los datos de la TAC y el EAP se analizaron estadísticamente y se correlacionaron Resultados: El grupo que recibió SLF presentaba la mayor longitud de estenosis (20,51±14,08 mm frente a 5,84±12,43 y 6,57±6,54 mm en los grupos NiTi y SA, día 30; p < 0,05) y el mayor índice de formación de granulomas evidenciados mediante TAC (50% de los casos). El grupo al que se implantaron stents NiTi mostró el menor grado de estenosis (2,86±6,91% frente a 11,28±13,98 y 15,54±25,95% en los grupos SLF y SA; p < 0,05). En el estudio AP, el grupo SA presentó reactividad proliferativa intensa en comparación con los otros 2 grupos. En el grupo SLF se observó una respuesta destructiva en el 70% de animales, mientras que el stent NiTi fue el que menos reacción provocó. La TAC resultó ser superior para detectar el engrosamiento (correlación positiva de un 68,9%; p < 0,001) que para la observación de granulomas (n.s.). Conclusiones: El grupo SA desarrolló granulomas y estenosis significativas. El stent NiTi fue el que menos reacción indujo, mientras que el SLN provocó lesiones importantes que podrían estar relacionadas con la dosis de fármaco. Por consiguiente, este tipo de SLF no se recomienda para el tratamiento de la estenosis traqueobronquial

Prospect for development of Open Access in Argentina

This perspective article presents an overview of the Open Access movement in Argentina, from a global and regional (Latin American) context. The article describes the evolution and current state of initiatives by examining two principal approaches to Open Access in Argentina: golden and green roads. The article will then turn its attention to: the support that Open Access receives from governmental sources; collaboration with international projects; and the perspective of Argentine authors regarding Open Access and self-archiving. It concludes with a reflection on the outlook, the main barriers and opportunities for Open Access in Argentina.Fil: Miguel, Sandra Edith. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina.Fil: Bongiovani, Paola Carolina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario; Argentina.Fil: Gómez, Nancy Diana. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; España.Fil: Bueno-de-la-Fuente, Gema. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; España