Células C em tireóides de ratos pinealectomisados

PURPOSE: To study quantitatively C cells in the thyroids of non-isogenic rats to determine the possible effects of pinealectomy on the number of these cells, and consequently on the synthesis and secretion of calcitonin. METHODS: Twenty male rats of an outbred strain (200-300 g) were used in the present study. One group of 10 animals was pinealectomized 50 days prior to sacrifice. Thyroid tissue was stained for calcitonin (Dako Corporation) at a 1:1500 dilution. The number of C cells observed was expressed as number of cells/cm². Data were analyzed statistically by Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: The number of C cells in pinealectomized and normal animals ranged from 489 to 2084 per cm² and 227 to 1584 per cm², respectively, a difference that was statistically significant (POBJETIVO: Estudar quantitativamente células C de tireóides em ratos não isogênicos para determinar os possíveis efeitos da pinealectomia no número destas células e conseqüentemente na síntese e secreção de calcitonina. MÉTODO: Vinte ratos machos com peso de 200 a 300g foram utilizados no presente estudo. Um grupo de 10 animais foi pinealectomizado 50 dias antes do sacrifício. Os cortes de tireóide foram corados com calcitonina (DAKO Corporation) a diluição de 1:1500. O número de células C observado é expresso como número de células/cm². Os dados foram analisados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: O número de células C em animais pinealectomizados e normais variou de 489 a 2084 células/cm² e 227 a 1584 células/cm², respectivamente. CONCLUSÕES: Estes resultados mostraram diferenças consistentes (

GGBOOK: uma interface que integrará os ambientes de texto e gráfico no GeoGebra

Apesar das evidentes possibilidades de contribuição do Geogebra, é importante lembrar que tal software sozinho não ensina coisa alguma. Assim, é imprescindível o papel do professor na criação de situações de utilização e na mediação do processo. Além disso, é também importante a criação de materiais de apoio a utilização do software. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os requisitos para o desenvolvimento do protótipo GGBOOK. Trata-se de uma nova interface para o GeoGebra que integrará os ambientes de texto e gráfico de forma a termos no software as funcionalidades de um livro de matemática digital e dinâmico. As inovações estão, sobretudo, na mudança do layout e na ferramenta LaTex do ambiente texto

Custo-efetividade da adição de quimioterapia ao tratamento hormonal do câncer de próstata metastático sensível a hormônio ou localizado de alto risco

Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of chemohormonal therapy in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive and non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer. Methods: An analytical decision model was developed to determine the cost-effectiveness of chemohormonal therapy versus androgen deprivation therapy alone in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer and patients with non-metastatic high-risk prostate cancer. The cost-effectiveness in metastatic patients with a high-volume disease was assessed separately. The model used data from randomized clinical trials and drug acquisition costs in Brazil. In addition, the costs of post-progression therapies have been included in this model. The benefits to health are expressed as the quality-adjusted life-years, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated. Results: Chemohormonal therapy may be associated with improved quality-adjusted life-years for all patient. The improvement was more than six times greater for patients with high-volume metastatic disease. In these patients, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were up to 74% lower than the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of patients with non-metastatic disease. Conclusion: Chemohormonal therapy has been more cost-effective in patients with high-volume metastatic disease.Objetivo: Avaliar a relação custo-efetividade da adição de quimioterapia hormonal em pacientes com câncer de próstata metastático sensível a hormônio ou localizado de alto risco. Métodos: Um modelo de decisão analítico foi desenvolvido para determinar o custo-efetividade da adição de quimioterapia versus a monoterapia de privação de andrógeno para pacientes com câncer de próstata metastático hormônio-sensível e pacientes de alto risco com câncer de próstata não metastático. O custo-efetividade em pacientes metastáticos com um alto volume da doença foi verificado isoladamente. Os dados do modelo foram obtidos de ensaios clínicos randomizados utilizando custos de aquisição de medicamentos no Brasil. Os custos de terapias pós-progressão também foram incluídos no modelo. Os efeitos foram expressos em anos de vida ajustados por qualidade, e foram calculadas as razões de custo-efetividade incremental. Resultados: A adição de quimioterapia levou a um ganho de anos de vida ajustados por qualidade para todos os doentes. Este incremento foi seis vezes maior para os pacientes com doença metastática de alto volume. Nestes pacientes, as taxas do custo incremental por anos de vida ajustados por qualidade foram até 74% mais baixos do que o aumento das taxas dos pacientes com doença não metastática. Conclusão: A adição de quimioterapia foi mais custo-efetiva para pacientes com doença metastática de alto volume.Fac Med ABC, Santo Andre, SP, BrazilBeneficencia Portuguesa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Paulista, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilMiami Univ, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Oxford, OH 45056 USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Efficacy and outcomes of ramucirumab and docetaxel in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer after disease progression on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: Results of a monocentric, retrospective analysis

Current first-line standard therapy for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer without driver mutations involves chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination. Prior to the advent of immune checkpoint inhibition, REVEL, a randomized phase III trial demonstrated improved progression-free and overall survival with ramucirumab and docetaxel (ram+doc) in patients who failed platinum-based first-line therapy. Long-term outcomes related to second-line ramucirumab and docetaxel after first-line immunotherapy exposure remain unknown. We analyzed outcomes for 35 patients from our center whom received ramucirumab and docetaxel following disease progression on chemotherapy and immunotherapy combination. Median progression-free survival among patients who received ram+doc after exposure to immunotherapy was 6.6 months (95% CI = 5.5 to 14.9 months; p<0.0001), and median overall survival was 20.9 months (95% CI = 13.4 months to infinity; p<0.0001). These outcomes suggest that there may a synergistic benefit to combining chemotherapy with anti-angiogenic therapy after immunotherapy exposure. Future analyses should be evaluated prospectively and among a larger patient subset

Carbohydrates plus protein reduces oxidative stress after single bout of aerobic exercise

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CPA in muscle damage and oxidative stress induced by aerobic exercise. Participate in the study ten healthy young (24 ± 4 years), eutrophic (23.2 ± 1 kg/m2),VO2max = 44.9 ± 10 ml/kg/min, four women performed three aerobic exercise sessions lasting 50 minutes randomly supplemented with water (WAT), isolated carbohydrate (CHO) or carbohydrate associated with proteins and antioxidants (CPA) every 10 minutes of exercise. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 24 hours after each exercise session for analysis markers of muscle damage creatine kinase (CK) and oxidative stress malondialdehyde (MDA). Blood glucose was measured before, during and after the exercise. After testing the data for normality and homogeneity through the Shapiro-Wilk and Levine tests, one-way ANOVA or two-way analyses were made to compare the initial and the answers to the experimental procedure respectively, or their corresponding non-parametric. CHO and CPA resulted in maintaining or increasing glucose, respectively, during exercise, whereas WAT resulted in glycemia reduction. CHO or CPA did not affect CK post exercise concentration. MDA values were very similar immediately after exercise between CHO and CPA, however occurred significant reduction from post exercice to 24 hours after exercise in CPA procedure (4.8 ± 1.8 to 2.5 ± 0.8, p <0,05), while CHO (5.1 ± 0.8 to 4.6 ± 0.9) and WAT (4.9 ± 0.9 to 5.1 ± 0.6) did not promotes the same phenomenon. This study revealed that carbohydrates associated with proteins and antioxidants have ergogenic effect by increasing blood glucose during a single bout of aerobic exercise and accelerate the restoration of oxidative stress

Análise de caminho nos componentes do rendimento de genótipos de arroz no Rio Grande do Sul

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of rice genotypes and verify the yield component influence through path coefficient analysis. Nine rice genotypes were cultivated in experimental field in the 1993/94 growing season. The genotypes EMBRAPA 39-AGRISUL, TF296-1-8, CL Seleção 447B-B, CL99-40-2, CL78-84-1M-26M-M, TF231-13-1M-5-B, EMBRAPA 6-CHUÍ, EMBRAPA 7-TAIM and IRGA 410 were studied in this work. The following parameters were analyzed: plant number/ha, panicle number/plant, grain number/panicle and grain weight and crop yield. The genotypes that showed superior behavior were CL78-84-1M-26M-M, IRGA 410 and EMBRAPA 6-CHUÍ. Number of grain per panicle and thousand grain weight were the yield components which had highest effect on yield.Com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de cultivares e linhagens de arroz e verificar a influência dos componentes do rendimento na produção, nove genótipos de arroz foram cultivados em 1993/94. Foram estudados os genótipos: EMBRAPA 39-AGRISUL, TF296-1-8, CL Seleção 447B-B, CL99-40-2, CL78-84-1M-26M-M, TF231-13-1M-5-B, EMBRAPA 6-CHUÍ, EMBRAPA 7-TAIM e IRGA 410. As variáveis número de plantas por hectare, número de panículas por planta, número de grãos por panícula e peso de mil grãos constituíram os componentes de rendimento, que, após analisados, permitiram estimar o rendimento físico da lavoura. Os genótipos que apresentaram maior produtividade foram CL78-84-1M-26M-M, IRGA 410 e EMBRAPA 6-CHUÍ. Os componentes de rendimento que mais afetaram a produção foram o número de grãos/panícula e o peso de mil grãos

Principal Component and Biplot Analysis in the Agro-industrial Characteristics of Anacardium spp.

The cajuí Anacardium spp., which is similar to the caju Anacardium Ocidentale L., is a species adapted to edaphic-climatic conditions of the biome Cerratinga (Cerrado e Caatinga). Its fruit is composed of one swollen stalk (pedicel) which is formed by nutritional reserves rich in vitamin C and drupe (cashew nut). It is also rich in protein and lipids, but with smaller size. This paper focuses on investigating the applicability of the biplot graphical analysis in the process of selective breeding of cajuí population. The cajuí working European Scientific Journal October 2019 edition Vol.15, No.30 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 22 population in Embrapa Meio Norte comprises of 11 genotypes collected in areas of natural habitat in the state of Piaui. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks with two plants per plot and four replications. A graphical analysis (biplot) was used to study the relationships between variables and behavior of the experimental genotypes.&nbsp;This was implemented to principal component analysis based on singular value decomposition biplot. The total variable weight can be predicted from length of peduncle, basal and apical diameter of peduncle, and variables of easy mensuration. Genotypes M40A, M23, M14, and M17 are similar to each other and they have high amounts of brown, apical and basal diameter of the peduncle, total weight, and peduncle length. They are considered as candidates selected for consumption in natura and industrial processing. The graphical analysis (biplot) showed robustness in the presentation of relationships between variables considered and the indication of the selection candidate genotypes in the population studied

Societal Costs and Benefits of Treatment with Trastuzumab in Patients with Early HER2neu-Overexpressing Breast Cancer in Singapore

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Trastuzumab has revolutionized the way we treat early Her2Neu-positive breast cancer, as it significantly improves disease-free and overall survival. Little is known about the societal costs and benefits of treatment with trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting in Southeast Asia.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Societal costs (benefits) were estimated as the sum of direct and indirect costs minus benefits in the base case. Direct costs were derived from 4 treatment centers in Singapore (2 private and 2 public, comprising 60-70% of all patients with cancer seen in the island-nation); indirect costs were assessed as the loss of productivity caused by the disease or treatment. Benefits to society were based on extra years of productivity, as measured by GNI per capita, resulting from the quality adjusted life-years (QALYs) saved with the use of trastuzumab as determined in the models by Kurian, Liberato and Garrison.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Incremental costs in Singapore, in 2005 US dollars, were $26,971.05. Average Cost per QALY was$19,174.59 (Median: $18,993.70). Costs (benefits) to society ranged from a cost of$79.42 to a benefit of $9,263.06, depending on the model used (Average benefit:$4,375.89, Median $3,944.03). Sensitivity analysis ranged from a cost of$10,685.00 to a Benefit of US$17,298.79</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Treatment with adjuvant trastuzumab is likely to generate net societal economic benefits in Singapore. Nevertheless, the lower range of possible outcomes does not refute the possibility that treatment may actually generate costs. These costs however clearly fall within the usual range of acceptable cost-effectiveness.</p