HySEA model verification for Tohoku 2011 Tsunami. Application for mitigation tsunami assessment

In many aspects Tohoku-Oki 2011 mega tsunami has changed our perception of tsunami risk. The tsunami-HySEA model is used to numerically simulate this event and observed data will we used to verify the model results. Three nested meshes of enhanced resolution (4 arc-min, 32 arc-sec and 2 arc-sec) will be used by the numerical model. The propagation mesh covers all Pacific Ocean with more of 7 million cells. An intermediate mesh with 5 millions cells contains the Japanese archipelago and, finally, two finer meshes, with nearly 8 and 6 millions cells, cover Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures at Tohoku region, the most devastated areas hit by the tsunami. The presentation will focus on the impact of the tsunami wave in these two areas and comparisons with observed data will be performed. DART buoys time series, inundation area and observed runup is used to assess model performance. The arrival time of the leading flooding wave at the vicinity of the Senday airport, as recorded by video cameras, is also used as verification data for the model. After this tsunami, control forests as well as breakwaters has been discussed as suitable mitigation infrastructures. As particular case, we will analyse the evolution of the tsunami in the area around the Sendai airport (Miyagi Prefecture) and its impact on the airport. A second simulation has been performed, assuming the existence of a coastal barrier protecting the area. The role of this barrier in modifying tsunami wave evolution and mitigating flooding effects on the airport area are discussed. The protection effect of the breakwaters near Kamaishi (Iwate Prefecture) is also assessed. The numerical model shows how these structures, although did not provide a full protection to tsunami waves, they helped to largely mitigate its effects in the area.Acknowledgements. This research has been partially supported by the Junta de Andalucía research project TESELA (P11-RNM7069), the Spanish Government Research project DAIFLUID (MTM2012-38383-C02-01) and Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. The multi-GPU computations were performed at the Laboratory of Numerical Methods (University of Malaga)

Determinación del óptimo técnico y económico en el cultivo de papa de temporal

articulo optimosSe calcula el nivel óptimo técnico (not) y económico (noe) en la producción de papa para determinar el uso eficiente de recursos y permitir al productor maximizar sus ganancias monetarias; la investigación se realizó en diez municipios del Estado de México en 2011. Se utilizaron dos modelos econométricos cúbicos con rendimientos marginales decrecientes: el primero con dap (18-46-00), fosfonitrato y cloruro de potasio como nutriente; el segundo se refiere a la fertilización con mezcla papera. Los resultados para el primer modelo fueron: not en dap (18-46-00) con 929.1 kg y noe de 922.7 kg de insumo; para fosfonitrato el not fue 272.0 y el noe de 270.3 kg; en cloruro de potasio el not fue de 282.7 y el noe fue de 281.6 kg. Para el segundo, el not de mezcla papera fue 1 465.0 kg ha-1 y un noe de 1 448.1 kg ha-1. Se concluye que el máximo rendimiento de papa no implicó la mayor ganancia en dinero. En los dos modelos la ganancia en el noe es mayor que en el not.Universidad Autonóma del Estado de México, Centro Universitario UAEM Temascaltepe

Comparativa entre factores de dispersión obtenidos con varios detectores en un acelerador lineal con colimadores cónicos usado para tratamientos con radiocirugía

Los factores de dispersión total (St) son requeridos para el cálculo de dosis en tratamientos de radiocirugía con acelerador lineal. Es bien sabido que la dosimetría de éstos presenta complicaciones asociadas a las pequeñas dimensiones de los haces de radiación empleados. Por ello, varios autores1,2 han comparado mediciones de los St con diversos detectores encontrando considerables diferencias entre algunos de ellos. En este trabajo se compararon los St medidos con siete diferentes detectores en un acelerador lineal convencional con colimadores cónicos

OH rotational lines as a diagnostic of the warm neutral gas in galaxies

We present Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations of several OH, CH and H2O rotational lines toward the bright infrared galaxies NGC253 and NGC1068. As found in the Galactic clouds in SgrB2 and Orion, the extragalactic far-IR OH lines change from absorption to emission depending on the physical conditions and distribution of gas and dust along the line of sight. As a result, most of the OH rotational lines that appear in absorption toward NGC253 are observed in emission toward NGC1068. We show that the far-IR spectrum of OH can be used as a powerful diagnostic to derive the physical conditions of extragalactic neutral gas. In particular, we find that a warm (Tk~150 K, n(H2)< 5 10^4 cm^-3) component of molecular gas with an OH abundance of 10^{-7} from the inner <15'' can qualitatively reproduce the OH lines toward NGC253. Similar temperatures but higher densities (5 10^5 cm^-3) are required to explain the OH emission in NGC1068.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJ Part I (2004, October 6

Study of Thermal Properties on the Different Layers Composing a Commercial Ceramic Tile

In this study the thermal conductivity of a commercial ceramic is determined considering that this property is an essential factor on the building materials. This is the primary indicator of the material suitableness for energy transfer, considering that this kind of construction supplies has many applications as thermal insulations. In this sense, we consider that a commercial tile is usually composed of three layers: substrate, a so-called engine layer, and an enamel layer. Likewise, the thermal properties of the different layers were obtained individually by using two photothermal techniques on the ceramic material; the ceramic tile density was obtained using the Archimedes method. The calculated values show a wide range of thermal conductivity values for the different layers, ranging from1.3 to 4 W m¡1K¡1

HySEA: An operational GPU-based model for Tsunami Early Warning Systems

HySEA numerical model for the simulation of earthquake generated tsunamis is presented. The initial sea surface deformation is computed using Okada model. Wave propagation is computed using nonlinear shallow water equations in spherical coordinates, where coastal inundation and run-up are suitable treated in the numerical algorithm. Generation, propagation and inundation phases are all integrated in a single code and computed coupled and synchronously when they occur at the same time. Inundation is modelled by allowing cells to dynamically change from dry to wet and reciprocally when water retreats from wetted areas. Special effort is made in preserving model well-balanced (i.e. capturing small perturbations to the steady state of the ocean at rest). The GPU model implementation allows faster than real time (FTRT) simulation for real large-scale problems. The large speed-ups obtained make HySEA code suitable for its use in Tsunami Early Warning Systems. The Italian TEWS at INGV (Rome) has adopted HySEA GPU code for its National System. The model is verified by hindcasting the wave behaviour in several benchmark problems. Numerical results for an earthquake-generated tsunami in the Mediterranean Sea is presented and computing time analysed. The interest of using higher order methods, analysing numerical schemes from first order up to order five, in the context of TEWS, is also addressed. Tsunami codes do not usually use higher than second order methods. It is demonstrated that this should idea should be revised.This research has been partially supported by the Junta de Andalucía research project TESELA (P11-RNM7069), the Spanish Government Research project HySEA2 (MTM2009-11923) and Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. The multi-GPU computations were performed at the Laboratory of Numerical Methods (University of Malaga)

Análisis econométrico sobre el consumo de agua subterránea por el sector agropecuario en Guanajuato, México

Los factores que afectan el consumo de agua subterránea en los sectores agrícola de riego y pecuario en el estado de Guanajuato fueron estimados con un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas, para lo cual se utilizó información estadística anual de 1980 a 2007. Los resultados encontrados muestran que la cantidad consumida de agua responde de manera inelástica a cambios en el precio, con elasticidades de -0.0527 para la agricultura de riego y de -0.00486 para la ganadería. Estas elasticidades indican que en el sector pecuario el consumo de agua es más insensible a cambios en el precio, en comparación a la agricultura de riego y, por ende, políticas de administración del consumo deberán considerar aumentos en el precio del agua en este sector.Los factores que afectan el consumo de agua subterránea en los sectores agrícola de riego y pecuario en el estado de Guanajuato fueron estimados con un modelo de ecuaciones simultáneas, para lo cual se utilizó información estadística anual de 1980 a 2007. Los resultados encontrados muestran que la cantidad consumida de agua responde de manera inelástica a cambios en el precio, con elasticidades de -0.0527 para la agricultura de riego y de -0.00486 para la ganadería. Estas elasticidades indican que en el sector pecuario el consumo de agua es más insensible a cambios en el precio, en comparación a la agricultura de riego y, por ende, políticas de administración del consumo deberán considerar aumentos en el precio del agua en este sector

Mecanismos para la defensa y exigibilidad del derecho a un ambiente sano de la comunidad de Don Jaca.

Las actividades de exportaciones de carbón a través de los puertos situados en el norte del departamento del Magdalena han afectado directamente a la comunidad de Don Jaca, ubicada en el distrito de Santa Marta en sus límites con el municipio de Ciénaga. Estas actividades de cargue y descargue del mineral por parte de compañías multinacionales, sin el debido respeto de los protocolos de seguridad ambiental, han deteriorado gravemente la calidad de vida de los pobladores contaminando el aire, los suelos, las fuentes hídricas, las playas y el mar, lo que trae consigo la aparición de enfermedades físicas y mentales, pérdida de recursos agrícolas, pesqueros y turísticos y ocasionando el desplazamiento de sus pobladores a otras comunidades, vulnerando su derecho fundamental a vivir en un ambiente sano. 25 años después del inicio de estas actividades las vulneraciones persisten, pues no existe ni una verdadera conciencia en las empresas o en las autoridades de los impactos negativos que esta tiene en la población y en las responsabilidades que a ellas les incumben, ni una capacidad de la comunidad para defender y exigir sus derechos. Este proyecto pretende dotar, a través de la capacitación, a la comunidad de Don jaca de mecanismos jurídicos o no jurídicos para defender y exigir su derecho al ambiente sano y sus derechos conexos

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA DE PROGRAMACIÓN Y CÓMPUTO

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

CARACTERIZACIÓN DE LOS PRODUCTORES, ADOPCIÓN E IMPACTO ECONÓMICO DEL USO DE LA VARIEDAD DE FRIJOL “PINTO SALTILLO†EN EL NORTE CENTRO DE MÉXICO

In the North-Central Mexico, the main production area of beans in the country, a study was conducted during 2008-2009, whose objectives were to characterize the producers, determine the extent of adoption and to assess the impact of using the bean variety “Pinto Saltilloâ€, generated by INIFAP. The methodological approach was based on a formal interview to a sample of farmers, who were randomly selected from a population of 45,000 registered producers in the pattern of SAGARPA. The sample size was 496 elements. The questionnaire included closed and open questions by analyzing each of the responses through Frequency Analysis. Official sources were consulted for information as well as cooperatives, integrating and marketing of beans. The economic impact analysis of the use of Pinto Saltillo was made considering the increase in performance and / or sale price, and the number of hectares planted. The results indicated that 65.9% of farmers used the variety Pinto Saltillo and that there are different degrees of adoption by state: while in Durango and Chihuahua has been widespread use with rates of 93.3% and 82.8% respectively, Zacatecas recorded use of only 13.3%. The economic benefit generated by this variety released by INIFAP in northern central Mexico with 2008 prices, is approximately 934'000, 000 pesos. The adoption of Pinto Saltillo was a success in production and trade that benefits producers, traders, industrialists and consumers of beans.INIFAP, integrating and marketing organization of beans, bean grown under water scarcity conditions, consumers., Agribusiness,