14,182 research outputs found
Low work function of the (1000) Ca2N surface
Polymer diodes require cathodes that do not corrode the polymer but do have
low work function to minimize the electron injection barrier. First-principles
calculations demonstrate that the work function of the (1000) surface of the
compound Ca2N is half an eV lower than that of the elemental metal Ca (2.35 vs.
2.87 eV). Moreover its reactivity is expected to be smaller. This makes Ca2N an
interesting candidate to replace calcium as cathode material for polymer light
emitting diode devices.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, accepted by J. Appl. Phy
Polarity patterns of stress fibers
Stress fibers are contractile actomyosin bundles commonly observed in the
cytoskeleton of metazoan cells. The spatial profile of the polarity of actin
filaments inside contractile actomyosin bundles is either monotonic (graded) or
periodic (alternating). In the framework of linear irreversible thermodynamics,
we write the constitutive equations for a polar, active, elastic
one-dimensional medium. An analysis of the resulting equations for the dynamics
of polarity shows that the transition from graded to alternating polarity
patterns is a nonequilibrium Lifshitz point. Active contractility is a
necessary condition for the emergence of sarcomeric, alternating polarity
patterns.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Partial-measurement back-action and non-classical weak values in a superconducting circuit
We realize indirect partial measurement of a transmon qubit in circuit
quantum electrodynamics by interaction with an ancilla qubit and projective
ancilla measurement with a dedicated readout resonator. Accurate control of the
interaction and ancilla measurement basis allows tailoring the measurement
strength and operator. The tradeoff between measurement strength and qubit
back-action is characterized through the distortion of a qubit Rabi oscillation
imposed by ancilla measurement in different bases. Combining partial and
projective qubit measurements, we provide the solid-state demonstration of the
correspondence between a non-classical weak value and the violation of a
Leggett-Garg inequality.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, and Supplementary Information (8 figures
Selective darkening of degenerate transitions for implementing quantum controlled-NOT gates
We present a theoretical analysis of the selective darkening method for
implementing quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates. This method, which we
recently proposed and demonstrated, consists of driving two
transversely-coupled quantum bits (qubits) with a driving field that is
resonant with one of the two qubits. For specific relative amplitudes and
phases of the driving field felt by the two qubits, one of the two transitions
in the degenerate pair is darkened, or in other words, becomes forbidden by
effective selection rules. At these driving conditions, the evolution of the
two-qubit state realizes a CNOT gate. The gate speed is found to be limited
only by the coupling energy J, which is the fundamental speed limit for any
entangling gate. Numerical simulations show that at gate speeds corresponding
to 0.48J and 0.07J, the gate fidelity is 99% and 99.99%, respectively, and
increases further for lower gate speeds. In addition, the effect of
higher-lying energy levels and weak anharmonicity is studied, as well as the
scalability of the method to systems of multiple qubits. We conclude that in
all these respects this method is competitive with existing schemes for
creating entanglement, with the added advantages of being applicable for qubits
operating at fixed frequencies (either by design or for exploitation of
coherence sweet-spots) and having the simplicity of microwave-only operation.Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Shear flow, viscous heating, and entropy balance from dynamical systems
A consistent description of a shear flow, the accompanied viscous heating,
and the associated entropy balance is given in the framework of a deterministic
dynamical system, where a multibaker dynamics drives two fields: the velocity
and the temperature distributions. In an appropriate macroscopic limit their
transport equations go over into the Navier-Stokes and the heat conduction
equation of viscous flows. The inclusion of an artificial heat sink can
stabilize steady states with constant temperatures. It mimics a thermostating
algorithm used in non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations.Comment: LaTeX 2e (epl.cls + sty-files for Europhys Lett included); 7 pages +
1 eps-figur
Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus: Evaluation and Modelling of Verbal Associations
We present a quantitative analysis of human word association pairs and study
the types of relations presented in the associations. We put our main focus on
the correlation between response types and respondent characteristics such as
occupation and gender by contrasting syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations.
Finally, we propose a personalised distributed word association model and show
the importance of incorporating demographic factors into the models commonly
used in natural language processing.Comment: AIST 2017 camera-read
Dissipative hydrodynamics in 2+1 dimension
In 2+1 dimension, we have simulated the hydrodynamic evolution of QGP fluid
with dissipation due to shear viscosity. Comparison of evolution of ideal and
viscous fluid, both initialised under the same conditions e.g. same
equilibration time, energy density and velocity profile, reveal that the
dissipative fluid evolves slowly, cooling at a slower rate. Cooling get still
slower for higher viscosity. The fluid velocities on the otherhand evolve
faster in a dissipative fluid than in an ideal fluid. The transverse expansion
is also enhanced in dissipative evolution. For the same decoupling temperature,
freeze-out surface for a dissipative fluid is more extended than an ideal
fluid. Dissipation produces entropy as a result of which particle production is
increased. Particle production is increased due to (i) extension of the
freeze-out surface and (ii) change of the equilibrium distribution function to
a non-equilibrium one, the last effect being prominent at large transverse
momentum. Compared to ideal fluid, transverse momentum distribution of pion
production is considerably enhanced. Enhancement is more at high than at
low . Pion production also increases with viscosity, larger the viscosity,
more is the pion production. Dissipation also modifies the elliptic flow.
Elliptic flow is reduced in viscous dynamics. Also, contrary to ideal dynamics
where elliptic flow continues to increase with transverse momentum, in viscous
dynamics, elliptic flow tends to saturate at large transverse momentum. The
analysis suggest that initial conditions of the hot, dense matter produced in
Au+Au collisions at RHIC, as extracted from ideal fluid analysis can be changed
significantly if the QGP fluid is viscous.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures (revised). In the revised version, calculations
are redone with ADS/CFT and perurbative estimate of viscosity. Comments on
the unphysical effects like early reheating of the fluid, in 1st order
dissipative theories are added. The particle spectra calculations are redone
with modified programm
Entropy-based characterizations of the observable-dependence of the fluctuation-dissipation temperature
The definition of a nonequilibrium temperature through generalized
fluctuation-dissipation relations relies on the independence of the
fluctuation-dissipation temperature from the observable considered. We argue
that this observable independence is deeply related to the uniformity of the
phase-space probability distribution on the hypersurfaces of constant energy.
This property is shown explicitly on three different stochastic models, where
observable-dependence of the fluctuation-dissipation temperature arises only
when the uniformity of the phase-space distribution is broken. The first model
is an energy transport model on a ring, with biased local transfer rules. In
the second model, defined on a fully connected geometry, energy is exchanged
with two heat baths at different temperatures, breaking the uniformity of the
phase-space distribution. Finally, in the last model, the system is connected
to a zero temperature reservoir, and preserves the uniformity of the
phase-space distribution in the relaxation regime, leading to an
observable-independent temperature.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
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