The compound paraquat dichloride hydrate significantly affects the in vitro growth rate of a Chromobacterium violaceum wild type strain

Introduction: the toxicity of pesticides on bacterial cell growth is still limited. Objectives: The current study aimed to assess the in vitro growth rate of the C. violaceum wild type strain ATCC12472 exposed to the herbicide paraquat dichloride hydrate at different incubation times and final concentrations. Methodology: bacterial inocula were incubated in a nutrient broth medium containing the compound paraquat at final concentrations 100 and 1.000 µg mL-1 under aeration conditions. Spectrophotometric readings at different incubation times were carried out to estimate the in vitro bacterial growth rate. Moreover, the number of viable bacteria cells in the samples was also estimated in the presence of the paraquat at two concentrations tested based on colony-forming units grown on the nutrient broth agar. Results: significant decreases in the C. violaceum growth rate were detected, after one hour of paraquat exposure at a final concentration of 1,000 µg mL-1 (p<0.05) compared to all treatments tested. After two hours of paraquat exposure, significant decreases were progressively found at all final concentrations of 100 (p<0.01) and of 1,000 µg mL-1 (p<0.001). These data were also corroborated by counting the total number of colony-forming units at final concentrations tested. Conclusion: the findings described in current study suggest that the compound paraquat dichloride hydrate exerts significant effects on the in vitro growth rate of a C. violaceum wild type strain

O CUIDADOR FAMILIAR FRENTE A CRIANÇA COM DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 1: AÇÕES EDUCATIVAS.

The study aims to identify the benefits and contributions that health education provides to home caregivers of children with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. This is an integrative literature review, carried out between June and August 2021, through the respective virtual platforms that provide selected collections of scientific journals, these were LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE and BDENF, crossing with the Boolean operator AND, 53 studies were found, which after the eligibility process, remained 8 researches. Health education for caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is of fundamental importance, with the aim of providing safe, humanized and effective care, with educational actions mainly aimed at adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and targeted actions to social and emotional aspects. It is concluded that it was possible to show through this study the need that caregivers have for continued health promotion at home.El estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los beneficios y aportes que la educación en salud brinda a los cuidadores domiciliarios de niños con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada entre junio y agosto de 2021, a través de las respectivas plataformas virtuales que brindan colecciones seleccionadas de información científica. revistas, estas fueron LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE y BDENF, cruzando con el operador booleano Y, se encontraron 53 estudios, que luego del proceso de elegibilidad quedaron 8 investigaciones. La educación para la salud de los cuidadores de niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es de fundamental importancia, con el objetivo de brindar una atención segura, humanizada y eficaz, con acciones educativas orientadas principalmente a la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico y acciones focalizadas en los aspectos sociales y emocionales. . Se concluye que a través de este estudio se pudo evidenciar la necesidad que tienen los cuidadores de una promoción continua de la salud en el hogar.O estudo tem o objetivo de identificar os benefícios e contribuições que a educação em saúde proporciona a cuidadores domiciliares de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, realizado entre os meses de junho a agosto de 2021, através das respectivas plataformas virtuais que disponibilizam coleções selecionadas de periódicos científicos, foram estas LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE e BDENF, cruzando com o operador booleano AND, foram encontrados 53 estudos, que após o processo de elegibilidade, restaram 8 pesquisas. A educação em saúde a cuidadores de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, é de fundamental importância, com o intuído de fornecer uma assistência segura, humanizada e efetiva, sendo as ações educativas voltadas principalmente para a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico e ações direcionadas aos aspectos sociais e emocionais. Conclui-se que foi possível evidenciar através desse estudo a necessidade que os cuidadores possuem de uma promoção de saúde continua no domicilio.O estudo tem o objetivo de identificar os benefícios e contribuições que a educação em saúde proporciona a cuidadores domiciliares de crianças com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa, realizado entre os meses de junho a agosto de 2021, através das respectivas plataformas virtuais que disponibilizam coleções selecionadas de periódicos científicos, foram estas LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE e BDENF, cruzando com o operador booleano AND, foram encontrados 53 estudos, que após o processo de elegibilidade, restaram 8 pesquisas. A educação em saúde a cuidadores de crianças com diabetes mellitus tipo 1, é de fundamental importância, com o intuído de fornecer uma assistência segura, humanizada e efetiva, sendo as ações educativas voltadas principalmente para a adesão ao tratamento farmacológico e não farmacológico e ações direcionadas aos aspectos sociais e emocionais. Conclui-se que foi possível evidenciar através desse estudo a necessidade que os cuidadores possuem de uma promoção de saúde continua no domicilio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Antioxidantes naturais e melhoria do perfil lipídico em produtos à base de carne de cordeiro

This study evaluated the effect of reformulation (fat substitution and use of natural antioxidants) on lamb meat products during refrigerated storage: (i) lamb burger with enhanced lipid profile and extracts of guarana seed and pitanga leaf as natural antioxidants; (ii) cooked animal fat-substituted sausages with flaxseed, olive and chia oils; and (iii) fresh lamb sausage with improved lipid profile and different levels of turmeric extract. Physico-chemical, sensory and oxidative stability characteristics were evaluated during their shelf life. Analyzes included proximate composition (moisture, protein, fat and ash) and sensory acceptance (day 0); pH, color (L *, a *, b *), TBARs, carbonyl content and visual sensory evaluation (0, 6, 12 and 18 days for burgers and fresh sausages and 0, 30, 60 and 90 for cooked sausage); fatty acids and volatile compounds profile (0 and 18 days in burgers and 0 days in cooked sausages), and DPPH (0, 6, 12 and 18 days in burgers and fresh sausages). The guarara seed and pitanga leaf extracts showed higher antioxidant activity to protect of hamburgers against lipid and protein oxidation during the storage time than the synthetic antioxidant, without compromising the chemical and sensory characteristics of lamb hamburger. Vegetable oils provided consistent improvements in fatty acid profile and nutritional indexes of cooked lamb sausages; mainly chia and flaxseed. However, sausages made with chia oil showed a loss in texture parameters and sensory analysis. On the other hand, flaxseed oil was able to improve the lipid profile of sausages without changing its technological and sensory characteristics. Turmeric extract showed higher antioxidant capacity during storage and, consequently, promoted lower lipid oxidation, confirmed by the results of TBARs and lower formation of volatile compounds derived from oxidation, even at a lower dose than synthetic antioxidant. Thus, guarana seed extracts and pitanga leaves can replace the synthetic antioxidant in lamb burgers without causing detrimental changes in their physicochemical and sensory properties. Among the oils tested, flaxseed oil is most recommended as a fat substitute in cooked lamb sausages. Turmeric Extract is a promising natural antioxidant to extend the shelf life of fresh lamb sausages with improved lipid profile without compromising its quality characteristics.Este estudo avaliou o efeito da reformulação (substituição de gordura e uso de antioxidantes naturais) em produtos à base de carne de cordeiro durante armazenamento refrigerado: (i) hambúrguer de cordeiro com perfil lipídico melhorado e extratos da semente de guaraná e folha de pitanga como antioxidantes naturais; (ii) salsichas cozidas com substituição de gordura animal por óleos de linhaça, oliva e chia e (iii) linguiça frescal de cordeiro com perfil lipídico melhorado e diferentes níveis de extrato de cúrcuma. As características fisico-químicas, sensoriais e estabilidade oxidativa foram avaliadas durante sua vida de prateleira. As análises incluiram a composição centesimal (umidade, proteína, gordura e cinzas) e aceitação sensorial (dia 0); pH, cor (L *, a *, b *), TBARs, grupos carbonilas e avaliação sensorial visual (0, 6, 12 e 18 dias nos hambúrgueres e nas linguiças frescas e 0, 30, 60 e 90 para salsicha cozida); perfil de ácidos graxos e compostos voláteis (0 e 18 dias nos hambúrgueres e 0 dia nas salsichas cozidas), além de DPPH (0, 6, 12 e 18 dias nos hambúrgueres e nas linguiças frescas). Os extratos da semente de guarará e da folha de pitanga apresentaram maior atividade antioxidante na proteção dos hambúrgueres contra oxidação de lipídios e proteínas durante o tempo de armazenamento que o antioxidante sintético, sem comprometer as características físico-químicas e sensoriais do hambúguer de cordeiro. Óleos vegetais proporcionaram melhorias consistentes no perfil de ácidos graxos e nos índices nutricionais das salsichas de cordeiro cozidas; principalemente os de chia e linhaça. No entanto, salsichas elaboradas com óleo de chia apresentaram alterações indesejáveis nos parâmetros de textura e na analise sensorial. Por outro lado, o óleo de linhaça foi capaz de melhorar o perfil lipídico das salsichas sem alterar suas características tecnológicas e sensoriais. O extrato de cúrcuma apresentou maior capacidade antioxidante durante o período de armazenamento e, consequentemente, promoveu menor oxidação lipídica, confirmada pelos resultados de TBARs e menor formação de compostos voláteis derivados da oxidação, mesmo em dose inferior à do antioxidante sintético. Assim, os extratos de sementes de guaraná e folhas de pitanga podem substituir o antioxidante sintético em hambúrgueres de cordeiro, sem causar alterações prejudiciais em suas propriedades físico-químicas e sensoriais. Entre os óleos testados, o óleo de linhaça é mais recomendado como substituto da gordura animal em salsichas de cordeiro cozidas. O extrato de cúrcuma é um antioxidante natural promissor para prolongar a vida de prateleira de linguiça fresca de cordeiro com perfil lipídico melhorado sem comprometer suas características de qualidade

Heterologous expression of predicted promoter site for paraquat-inducible genes of the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum is increased by plumbagin

The aim of this study was to evaluate functionally the effect of plumbagin on the heterologous expression of a predicted promoter region of open reading frames of paraquat-inducible (pqi) genes revealed during genome annotation analyses of the bacterium Chromobacterium violaceum. First, the promoter of interest was amplified using specific primers and cloned into a conjugative vector carrying the Escherichia coli lacZ gene without a promoter. The heterologous expression of the predicted promoter region was then examined in the presence of 50 µg/mL plumbagin by β-galactosidase expression assays. Significant differences were detected in the levels of β-galactosidase as a result of the activation of the promoter region of interest in response to plumbagin at the concentration tested. On the other hand, no growth of the wild strain of C. violaceum was found during its incubation in nutrient broth medium containing different concentrations of plumbagin compared to control group. The findings described herein demonstrate that the heterologous expression of a predicted promoter site of pqi genes of C. violaceum is induced by plumbagin in a fusion strain, giving insights into the functional characterization of intrinsic regulatory DNA motifs annotated in this bacterial genome. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar funcionalmente a influência do composto plumbagin sobre a indução heteróloga de uma região promotora predita de genes paraquat-induzíveis revelada durante as análises de anotação do genoma da bactéria Chromobacterium violaceum. A região promotora de interesse de C. violaceum foi amplificada a partir de sequências oligonucleotídicas específicas e clonada em vetor conjugativo, sendo acoplada à região codificante do gene lacZ de Escherichia coli. Em seguida, a indução heteróloga desse segmento regulatório foi estimada em cepa de E. coli na presença do plumbagin em uma concentração final de 50 µg/mL por mensurações dos níveis de expressão da enzima β-galactosidase. Diferenças significativas nos níveis da β-galactosidase foram observadas como resultado da ativação da região promotora de interesse pelo plumbagin na concentração testada em comparação às condições controle. Por outro lado, nenhum crescimento da cepa selvagem de C. violaceum foi observado durante a incubação dessas células em meio nutritivo contendo diferentes concentrações do plumbagin. As descobertas descritas aqui sugerem que uma região promotora predita para genes paraquat-induzíveis da bactéria C. violaceum sofra indução heteróloga pelo plumbagin, reforçando evidências acerca da caracterização funcional de motivos regulatórios intrínsecos a essa bactéria

Use of Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Oil Emulsion as Animal Fat Replacement in Beef Burgers

The present study evaluated the replacement of beef fat in beef burgers using a tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) oil emulsion, in order to reduce total fat and saturated fatty acids in the studied samples. Three formulations were processed: Control—100% beef fat; tiger nut 50% (TN50)—50% of beef fat replaced using tiger nut oil emulsion and tiger nut 100% (TN100)—100% of beef fat replaced by tiger nut oil emulsion. The physicochemical parameters were affected after fat replacement. Moreover, the protein and fat contents decreased in those sample with tiger nut oil emulsion, thus the formulation TN100 can be considered as “reduced fat content”. Regarding color, an increased L* and b* value parameters was observed after TN100 while the values of a* remained similar to the Control samples. The hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were similar in all formulations. The addition of tiger nut oil emulsion as a substitute for beef fat reduced saturated fat and increased the mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid was found to be in highest proportions in burgers. The TN100 samples were considered as acceptable by consumers. Therefore, total replacement of beef fat using tiger nut oil emulsions in beef burger resulted in a well-accepted and healthier meat product with reduced total and saturated fat contents, as well as increased unsaturated fatty acids