31 research outputs found

    Identificação de cianobactérias na Lagoa Salgada por abordagem metagenômica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

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    Lagoa Salgada is a coastal hypersaline water body located in the north of Rio de Janeiro State and recognized by the presence of stromatolites. Cyanobacteria are the main primary producers of these structures in coastal hypersaline lagoons. The aim of the study was to identify the cyanobacteria present in Lagoa Salgada through metagenomics. The genetic material obtained from a water sample collected in June 2019 was submitted to sequencing by the shotgun method. The metagenomic data were analyzed using the MetaWrap version 1.3 pipeline to identify cyanobacteria and biological processes. The genus Synechococcus showed greater abundance, corresponding to 64.3% of the identified cyanobacteria, followed by Synechocystis (23.6%), Geminocystis (2%), and Calothrix (1.8%). The most abundant species were Synechococcus sp. RS9909 (46.7%), Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 (16.4%), Synechococcus sp. WH 8101 (9.2%), Synechocystis sp. CACIAM 05 (4.3%). Thirty-three biological processes associated with genes present in the sample were identified. The Lagoa Salgada has a wide diversity of cyanobacteria in its aquatic ecosystem that is still little explored, justifying the need for protection and preservation of this lagoon environment.A Lagoa Salgada é um corpo aquático hipersalino costeiro localizado no norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e reconhecido pela presença de estromatólitos. As cianobactérias são os principais produtores primários dessas estruturas em lagoas hipersalinas costeiras. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar as cianobactérias presentes na Lagoa Salgada por meio da metagenômica. O material genético obtido de uma amostra de água coletada no mês de junho de 2019 foi submetido ao sequenciamento pelo método shotgun. Os dados metagenômicos foram analisados utilizando o pipeline MetaWrap versão 1.3 para identificação das cianobactérias e dos processos biológicos. O gênero Synechococcus apresentou maior abundância correspondendo por 64,3% das cianobactérias identificadas, seguidos por Synechocystis (23,6%), Geminocystis (2%) e Calothrix (1,8%). As espécies mais abundantes foram Synechococcus sp. RS9909 (46,7%), Synechocystis sp. PCC 6714 (16,4%), Synechococcus sp. WH 8101 (9,2%), Synechocystis sp. CACIAM 05 (4,3%). Foram identificados 33 processos biológicos associados aos genes presentes na amostra. A Lagoa Salgada apresenta uma ampla diversidade de cianobactérias em seu ecossistema aquático ainda pouco explorado, fundamentando a necessidade de proteção e preservação deste ambiente lagunar.&nbsp

    Feira de Ciências Itinerante e Exposições Sistematizadas: ferramentas didáticas inclusivas para a educação ambiental

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    Entende-se a necessidade de ações que promovam uma educação ambiental dinâmica, multidisciplinar e baseada no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de forma direcionada a todos os cidadãos, incluindo as pessoas deficientes. Desta forma, foi realizado um trabalho interativo de divulgação científica, por meio de feiras de ciências itinerantes e exposições sistematizadas, nas quais animais taxidermizados foram utilizados para proporcionar conhecimentos a diferentes grupos da sociedade. Por meio de exposições sistematizadas em uma instituição que assiste pessoas deficientes, foi possível trabalhar os conceitos de educação ambiental. Essas atividades proporcionaram ao público-alvo um entendimento específico sobre diferenças morfológicas e sobre a importância da educação ambiental para a formação de um cidadão consciente.http://dx.doi.org/10.35700/ca.2021.ano8n15.p73-81.305

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Pressão Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consultório – 2023

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    Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

    Topographical and morphological analysis and vascularization of the thyroid gland of the dogs (Canis familiaris)

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    ABSTRACT. Rodrigues A.B.F., Costa N.Q., de Aguiar R.R., Di Filippo P.A. & de Almeida A.J. [Topographical and morphological analysis and vascularization of the thyroid gland of the dogs (Canis familiaris).] Análise morfológica, topográfica e vascularização da glândula tireóide em cães (Canis familiaris). Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 38(3):316-322, 2016. Seção de Anatomia Animal, Laboratório de Morfologia Patologia Animal, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque California, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ 28013-602, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Divergent data related to the metric parametric thyroid gland in dog served as a stimulus for this work which aims to define the morphological, topographical and blood supply of the thyroid gland patterns, using the methodology the description of morphology and topography of the gland in situ. Of the 48 dead dogs analyzed, males and females, SRD, aged 1 to 14 years and body weight of 1.5kg to 22Kg was possible to identify a gland consists of two lobes, oval, elongated and dark brown coloring, located dorsolaterally right and left of the tracheal rings. In most animals, the right lobes (52.1%) and left (58.3%) were positioned between 1 and 10 tracheal rings. No significant differences were observed between the morphometric average of thyroid lobes compared by t-test at 5% probability. Both lobes received nutrition, in most cases, the cranial thyroid artery. Both lobes received nutrition, in most cases, of the cranial thyroid artery. This irrigated directly from the right and left lobes with only one major vessel in 100% of cases. The main vessel was subdivided into up to 6 small branches that penetrated the thyroid gland. Likewise the caudal thyroid artery flow to the caudal pole of the gland with the main vessel, suffering subdivisions in small branches (1-3). It was possible to identify a positive correlation between the animal’s weight and length of the gland and between the animal’s weight and the weight of the gland. It was also found that both lobes were supplied by direct branches of the common carotid artery presenting as cranial and caudal thyroid artery

    Risk factors, incidence and clinical aspects of sporotrichosis in dogs and cats in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ

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    The sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with cosmopolitan distribution, caused by the fungi Sporothrix schenckii complex, which affects animals and humans. In Brazil, sporotrichosis is an emerging zoonosis, recently included in the National List of Compulsory Notification of diseases, injuries and events in public health issued by the Ministry of Health. The present study aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological aspects of sporotrichosis in cats and dogs in the municipality of Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. For this study, 805 animal patients with suspected lesions of sporotrichosis were included, i.e., 749 cats and 56 dogs, and they were attended at the Veterinary Hospital/Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF). The results showed that 76.37% of the cats were positive for sporotrichosis, with a higher proportion of males. Regarding the dogs, 41.07% were positive for the disease, and among these animals, 45.45% of the females and 34.78% of the males were positive for sporotrichosis. It was observed that 77.40% of the cats could roam freely in the peridomestic area and 72.20% were not neutered. The results showed that both cats and dogs that were not neutered and could roam freely in the peridomestic area were more susceptible to be affected by sporotrichosis
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