Septoglomus nigrum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from France, Germany and Switzerland

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Septoglomus nigrum, was found in several agricultural field sites in France, Germany and Switzerland, especially in extensively to intensively managed natural meadows and pastures and in extensively managed cropping systems. The fungus was propagated in trap pots and single species cultures on Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Plantago lanceolata and Hieracium pilosella. It differentiates black spores with triple-layered walls, 95–175× 90–170 μm in diameter, formed singly in soils or rarely in roots. Phylogenetically, it forms a distinct clade close to S. altomontanum and S. africanum, which can morphologically be distinguished from spores of S. nigrum by the characteristics of the spore wall and by the color, size and shape of the subtending hyphae. An identification key is provided that differentiates all species so far described in Septoglomus

Una Psicohistoria a partir de las contribuciones de la Psicología Política Chilena de Ricardo Salas Edwards

Previous studies suggest that the origin of political psychology and political psychology in Chile would have been generated with the work Balmaceda y el Parlamentarismo en Chile, Un estudio de psicología política chilena, by the politician and historian Ricardo Salas Edwards, at the beginning of the 20th century, shifting back the historical line from clinical and social psychology as a consequence of the psychological disorders provoked by the military dictatorship in the mid-1970s. But in addition, through a content analysis, we argue that political psychology owes its origin to the psychohistorical character of this narrative. In this sense, this article analyzes the contributions of Salas Edwards to the emergence of Political Psychology from his understanding of the political events of 1891.Estudios anteriores sugieren que el origen de la psicología política en Chile se habría generado con la obra Balmaceda y el Parlamentarismo en Chile, Un estudio de psicología política chilena, del político e historiador Ricardo Salas Edwards, a inicios del siglo XX, desplazando hacia atrás la línea histórica desde la psicología clínica y social como consecuencia de los trastornos psicológicos provocados por la dictadura militar a mediados de la década del 1970. Pero, además, mediante un análisis de contenido, sostenemos que la Psicología Política debió su origen al carácter psicohistórico de esta narrativa. Así, en el presente trabajo analizamos las contribuciones de Salas Edwards para la emergencia de la Psicología Política a partir de su comprensión de los hechos políticos de 1891

A atividade expositiva no Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi: o que pensam aqueles que a realizam?

O artigo analisa as concepções sobre a atividade expositiva de membros das equipes expositivas do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi durante o século XXI. A pesquisa se desenvolve no âmbito do paradigma qualitativo. Para tanto, alguns membros das equipes expositivas foram entrevistados mediante um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada. Também foi efetuada a análise documental das informações sobre a atividade expositiva de 2004 até 2019, presentes no sistema virtual de gerenciamento documental (Pergamum). Em termos gerais, constata-se uma profícua atividade expositiva não representativa das diversas áreas de conhecimento do Museu. Nota-se, que embora os membros das equipes expositivas cooperem na criação das exposições, são os cientistas-curadores que detêm o poder de decisão sobre a atividade expositiva. Identificou-se, entre os entrevistados, uma preocupação pela recepção da mensagem expositiva que não se traduz em concepções e estratégias que garantam a real participação dos públicos. Por outro lado, a função educativa da exposição se mostra como um assunto sustentado em uma compreensão superficial do fenômeno

Solid-State Synthesis and Phase Transitions in the RE2(MoO4)3 Family Monitored by Thermodiffraction

Solid-state synthesis and phase transitions of RE2(MoO4)3 (RE ≡ Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) samples have been monitored by X-ray thermodiffraction with synchrotron radiation. The experiment was divided in two stages. In the first heating, different non-stoichiometric molybdates (Eu4Mo7O27, Eu2Mo4O15, and Pr2Mo4O15 structure types) emerged from the RE2O3 and MoO3 oxides before the expected phases (with α-Eu2(WO4)3 and La2(MoO4)3 structure types and the β-Gd2(MoO4)3 phase). The formation and coexistence of intermediate phases have been explained by common structural motifs with unit cell volumes per atom among those with the formula RE2(MoO4)3. Subsequent heating–cooling cycles showed the occurrence of the reversible and reconstructive α [La2(MoO4)3] ↔ β phase transition, including the less common transition β → α [La2(MoO4)3] obtained by heating the β′-Gd2(MoO4)3 phase from room temperature and clarifying much of the controversy in the literature. The transition mechanisms were studied by proposing a common supercell and comparing the RE and vacancy ordering within similar layers of MoO42– tetrahedra. The possible formation of stacking faults in Nd2(MoO4)3 was explained as a mixture of modulated scheelite phases. This research supports the importance of a directed and rational synthesis analyzing the intermediate products and their phase transitions for the enrichment of materials with new or improved properties.This work has been partially supported by the Agencia Canaria de Investigación, the Innovación y Sociedad de la Información of Gobierno Autónomo de Canarias (PROID2021010027, PROID202101010, and PROID2020010067), and by Cajacanarias Foundation (from Caixa Bank, Spain) with code 2021ECO5. We also wish to thank the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) organization, in particular, the BM25A beamline

Pervasive surveillance-agent system based on wireless sensor networks: design and deployment

Nowadays, proliferation of embedded systems is enhancing the possibilities of gathering information by using wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Flexibility and ease of installation make these kinds of pervasive networks suitable for security and surveillance environments. Moreover, the risk for humans to be exposed to these functions is minimized when using these networks. In this paper, a virtual perimeter surveillance agent, which has been designed to detect any person crossing an invisible barrier around a marked perimeter and send an alarm notification to the security staff, is presented. This agent works in a state of 'low power consumption' until there is a crossing on the perimeter. In our approach, the 'intelligence' of the agent has been distributed by using mobile nodes in order to discern the cause of the event of presence. This feature contributes to saving both processing resources and power consumption since the required code that detects presence is the only system installed. The research work described in this paper illustrates our experience in the development of a surveillance system using WNSs for a practical application as well as its evaluation in real-world deployments. This mechanism plays an important role in providing confidence in ensuring safety to our environment

Exposições colaborativas com os povos indígenas: possibilidades e desafios para a educação socioambiental no Museu de História Natural

Este texto discute as limitações e as possibilidades de exposições colaborativas e etnográficas para o desenvolvimento de um discurso de caráter educativo e socioambiental nos museus de história natural. Para tal, se analisa uma exposição com participação indígena desenvolvida no Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. A metodologia usada foi do tipo qualitativo, e os dados foram levantados mediante a análise de documentos e de entrevista do tipo semiestruturada. A análise revela a presença de modelos antagônicos da comunicação se pensada a exposição em relação ao público indígena ou ao público ocidental. Por outro lado, se identificaram emergências socioambientais na exposição. Por fim, é possível afirmar que exposições colaborativas realizadas com a participação indígena oferecem grandes possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de um discurso expositivo de caráter educativo e socioambiental nos museus de história natural.This article discusses the limitations and possibilities of collaborative and ethnographic exhibitions for the development of educational and socio-environmental discourse in natural history museums. To this end, an exhibition with indigenous participation developed in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is analyzed. The methodology used was qualitative. The data was collected through the analysis of documents and through a semi-structured interview. The analysis of the exhibition showed the presence of antagonistic models of communication, depending on the public considered, western or indigenous. On the other hand, socio-environmental emergencies were identified in the exhibition. Finally, it is possible to affirm that collaborative exhibitions carried out with indigenous participation offer great possibilities for the development of an educational and socio-environmental expository discourse in natural history museums.El presente texto discute las limitaciones y las posibilidades de exposiciones colaborativas y etnográficas para el desarrollo de un discurso de carácter educativo y socioambiental en museos de historia natural. Así, se analiza una exposición con participación indígena desarrollada en el Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. La metodología usada fue del tipo cualitativa. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante el análisis de documentos y a través de una entrevista de tipo semiestructurada. El análisis de la exposición mostró la presencia de modelos antagónicos de la comunicación, en dependencia del público considerado, occidental o indígena. Por otro lado, se identificaron emergencias socioambientales en la exposición. Finalmente, es posible afirmar que exposiciones colaborativas realizadas con participación indígena ofrecen grandes posibilidades para el desarrollo de un discurso expositivo de carácter educativo y socioambiental en el Museo de Historia Natural

Exposições colaborativas com os povos indígenas: possibilidades e desafios para a educação socioambiental no Museu de História Natural

Este texto discute as limitações e as possibilidades de exposições colaborativas e etnográficas para o desenvolvimento de um discurso de caráter educativo e socioambiental nos museus de história natural. Para tal, se analisa uma exposição com participação indígena desenvolvida no Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. A metodologia usada foi do tipo qualitativo, e os dados foram levantados mediante a análise de documentos e de entrevista do tipo semiestruturada. A análise revela a presença de modelos antagônicos da comunicação se pensada a exposição em relação ao público indígena ou ao público ocidental. Por outro lado, se identificaram emergências socioambientais na exposição. Por fim, é possível afirmar que exposições colaborativas realizadas com a participação indígena oferecem grandes possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de um discurso expositivo de caráter educativo e socioambiental nos museus de história natural.This article discusses the limitations and possibilities of collaborative and ethnographic exhibitions for the development of educational and socio-environmental discourse in natural history museums. To this end, an exhibition with indigenous participation developed in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is analyzed. The methodology used was qualitative. The data was collected through the analysis of documents and through a semi-structured interview. The analysis of the exhibition showed the presence of antagonistic models of communication, depending on the public considered, western or indigenous. On the other hand, socio-environmental emergencies were identified in the exhibition. Finally, it is possible to affirm that collaborative exhibitions carried out with indigenous participation offer great possibilities for the development of an educational and socio-environmental expository discourse in natural history museums.El presente texto discute las limitaciones y las posibilidades de exposiciones colaborativas y etnográficas para el desarrollo de un discurso de carácter educativo y socioambiental en museos de historia natural. Así, se analiza una exposición con participación indígena desarrollada en el Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. La metodología usada fue del tipo cualitativa. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante el análisis de documentos y a través de una entrevista de tipo semiestructurada. El análisis de la exposición mostró la presencia de modelos antagónicos de la comunicación, en dependencia del público considerado, occidental o indígena. Por otro lado, se identificaron emergencias socioambientales en la exposición. Finalmente, es posible afirmar que exposiciones colaborativas realizadas con participación indígena ofrecen grandes posibilidades para el desarrollo de un discurso expositivo de carácter educativo y socioambiental en el Museo de Historia Natural

Diterpenoids from Azorella compacta (Umbelliferae) active on Trypanosoma cruzi

The anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of natural products isolated from Azorella compacta was evaluated, with particular emphasis on their effect against intracellular amastigotes. Five diterpenoids from A. compacta derived from mulinane and azorellane were isolated and identified. Only two products, named azorellanol (Y-2) and mulin-11,3-dien-20-oic acid (Y-5), showed trypanocidal activity against all stages of T. cruzi including intracellular amastigotes. At 10 µM, these compounds displayed a strong lytic activity. It ranged from 88.4 ± 0.6 to 99.0 ± 1 % for all strains and stages evaluate, with an IC50 /18 h values of 20-84 µM and 41-87 µM, respectively. The development of intracellular amastigotes was also inhibited by nearly 60% at 25 µM. The trypanocidal molecules Y-2 and Y-5 did show different degrees of cytotoxicity depending on the cell line tested, with an IC50 /24 h ranging from 33.2 to 161.2 µM. We evaluated the effect of diterpenoids against intracellular T. cruzi forms by immunofluorescent identification of a specific membrane molecular marker (Ssp-4 antigen) of the T. cruzi amastigote forms. The accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements were found to be outstanding when examined by confocal microscopy.Universidad de Antofagasta Departamento de Tecnología Médica Unidad de ParasitologíaUniversidad de Antofagasta Departamento de Química Laboratorio de Productos NaturalesUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM) Imunologia e ParasitologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Imunologia e ParasitologiaSciEL