Protected Area and Local Community: a Relationship under Construction

Diante da intensificação dos processos de degradação dos ecossistemas naturais e de suas consequências socioambientais e culturais, a criação e a manutenção de unidades de conservação vêm se constituindo como importantes estratégias para a proteção da biodiversidade. Vale ressaltar que a participação da sociedade na gestão dessas áreas tem sido considerada premissa fundamental para o sucesso dessa estratégia em longo prazo. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho pretende analisara trajetória da Floresta Nacional Contendas do Sincorá, tendo por objetivo compreender o processo histórico, social, político e jurídico de criação e gestão dessa Unidade de Conservação, com vistas a contribuir para a ampliação das reflexões sobre essa nova perspectiva na relação entre a unidade de conservação e a comunidade local. A análise documental, bem como as entrevistas, revelou que essa unidade de conservação foi criada por decreto presidencial, não havendo, inicialmente, participação da comunidade nesse processo. Todavia, a partir da criação do seu Conselho Consultivo em 2005 e do processo de construção do Plano de Manejo, aprovado em 2006, o diálogo com as comunidades locais foi iniciado. Dessa forma, foi possível identificar avanços no que diz respeito ao empoderamento da comunidade e, por conseguinte, ao uso sustentável dos recursos naturais no entorno da Floresta Nacional (FLONA).Faced with intensifying degradation of natural ecosystems and the resulting social, environmental, and cultural consequences, the creation and maintenance of protected areas has become an important long-term strategy for the protection of biodiversity. The participation of society in the management of these areas is considered a fundamental premise for the success of these areas. In this context, this study analyzes the direction of Contendas do Sincorá National Forest, in an effort to understand the historical, social, political, and legal processes regarding the creation and management of this protected area. Ultimately, this study aims at contributing to the promotion of thoughts about this new view on the relationship between protected areas and local communities. Documental analysis and interviews revealed that this protected area was created by a presidential decree, which initially did not involve participation of the community. However, with the creation of its advisory council in 2005 and the development of a management plan, approved in 2006, dialogue with local communities began. Thus, it was possible to identify progress with regard to community empowerment and, consequently, the sustainable use of natural resources surrounding the Brazilian National Forest (FLONA)

Volatile Compounds, Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of <em>Apis mellifera</em> Bee Propolis

Propolis is a wax-like resin collected by bees from tree shoots and/or other botanical sources that is used as glue to seal cracks or open spaces in the hive. Its color varies from green to brown and reddish, depending on its botanical origin. Among the substances that can be found in propolis, low molecular weight compounds, such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the most common. Several biological activities are attributed to these classes of substances, such as antifungal, antibacterial, and others. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition of volatile compounds present in propolis samples and to analyze their correlation with biological activities

Spurious infection by Calodium hepaticum (Bancroft, 1983) Moravec, 1982 and intestinal parasites in forest reserve dwellers in Western Brazilian Amazon

Subsistence hunting is the main source of protein for forest reserve dwellers, contributing to the development of spurious infections by Calodium hepaticum, frequently associated with the consumption of the liver from wild mammals. The prevalence of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal protozoa is considered an indicator of the social vulnerability of a country, besides providing information on habits, customs and quality of life of a given population. Intestinal parasites mostly affect poor rural communities with limited access to clean water and adequate sanitation. This study reports the results of a parasitological survey carried out in 2017 and 2019, in two municipalities (Xapuri and Sena Madureira) in Acre State. Stool samples were collected from 276 inhabitants. Upon receipt, each sample was divided into two aliquots. Fresh samples without preservative were processed and examined by the Kato-Katz technique. Samples fixed in 10% formalin were processed by the spontaneous sedimentation and the centrifugal sedimentation techniques. Calodium hepaticum eggs were found in three stool samples. The overall STH prevalence was 44.9%. The hookworm prevalence (19.2%) was higher than that of Ascaris lumbricoides (2.5%) and Trichuris trichiura (0.7%), an unexpected finding for municipalities belonging to the Western Brazilian Amazon. When considering parasites transmitted via the fecal-oral route, Endolimax nana and Entamoeba coli showed the highest positivity rates, of 13% and 10.9%, respectively. This study is the first report of spurious infection by C. hepaticum among forest reserve dwellers that consume undercooked liver of lowland pacas. Additionally, this is the first report of Blastocystis sp. in Acre State

A new approach to induce mango shoot maturation in Brazilian semi-arid environment

The shoot maturation phase is important for growing mangoes because it precedes the floral induction, when plants are under stress caused by high temperatures and low water availability. Abiotic stress could be alleviated by using plant biostimulant which alters the phytohormone and carbohydrates biosynthesis. Thus, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the use a plant biostimulant containing Ascophyllum nodosum to induce shoot maturation of mango cv. Palmer grown in semi-arid environment. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four treatments, ten replications and five plants per parcel. Treatments consisted of: T1) biostimulant foliar spray + K fertilizer; T2) foliar spray with biostimulant alternating with K fertilizer; T3) individual foliar sprays with magnesium sulfate, potassium sulfate, sulfur and calcium fertilizers, potassium fertilizer and Ethrel®; and T4) Control treatment. The total soluble carbohydrates in leaves, buds and shoots, N, K and S leaf concentrations and fruit production were recorded. The carbohydrate concentrations, nitrogen, sulphur and potassium leaf concentrations and fruit production of mango depend on shoot maturation strategy. Shoot maturation strategy using biostimulant containing Ascophyllum nodosum alternating with K fertilizer from 30 days after PBZ could&nbsp; be recommended for the production of mango cv. Palmer

Search for gluino mediated bottom- and top-squark production in multijet final states in pp collisions at 8 TeV

A search for supersymmetry is presented based on events with large missing transverse energy, no isolated electron or muon, and at least three jets with one or more identified as a bottom-quark jet. A simultaneous examination is performed of the numbers of events in exclusive bins of the scalar sum of jet transverse momentum values, missing transverse energy, and bottom-quark jet multiplicity. The sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 inverse femtobarns, consists of proton-proton collision data recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. The observed numbers of events are found to be consistent with the standard model expectation, which is evaluated with control samples in data. The results are interpreted in the context of two simplified supersymmetric scenarios in which gluino pair production is followed by the decay of each gluino to an undetected lightest supersymmetric particle and either a bottom or top quark-antiquark pair, characteristic of gluino mediated bottom- or top-squark production. Using the production cross section calculated to next-to-leading-order plus next-to-leading-logarithm accuracy, and in the limit of a massless lightest supersymmetric particle, we exclude gluinos with masses below 1170 GeV and 1020 GeV for the two scenarios, respectively.Peer Reviewe

Avaliação laboratorial do tipo e teor de ligante e da granulometria na deformação permanente de misturas asfálticas

Este trabalho avaliou a influência na deformação permanente do tipo e teor de ligante asfáltico e da granulometria quanto ao método Bailey, Faixa de Agregado Dominante (FAD) e faixas granulométricas B e C por meio do ensaio uniaxial de carga repetida. Para isso utilizaram-se três ligantes asfálticos, 50/70, AMP 60/85 e o Highly Modified Asphalt (HiMA), quatro granulometrias, sendo duas Faixa B e duas C, e dois métodos de dosagem, Superpave e Marshall, totalizando 24 misturas asfálticas. Os resultados indicaram que as modificações no tipo e no teor dos ligantes asfálticos foram mais influentes na deformação permanente do que a granulometria das misturas, inclusive encontrou-se boa correlação entre a reologia dos ligantes e os Flow Numbers (FNs) obtidos. O método Bailey apresentou-se mais efetivo em conferir ganho de resistência comparado ao método FAD e a utilização da granulometria faixa B não resultou em um melhor comportamento comparado a uma granulometria faixa C

The CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter Data Acquisition System at the 2006 Test Beam

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC is an homogeneous calorimeter made of about 80000 Lead Tungstate crystals. From June to November 2006, eleven barrel Supermodules (1700 crystals each) were exposed to beam at CERN SPS, both in stand-alone and in association with portions of the Hadron Calorimeter. We present the description of the system used to configure and readout the calorimeter during this period. The full set of final readout electronics boards was employed, together with the pre-series version of the data acquisition software. During this testbeam, the hardware and software concepts for the final system were validated and the successfull operation of all the ten supermodules was ensured

Dicephalia in a Bovine

Background: Congenital defects consist of structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, which partially or globally affect the systems. Among the defects are the conjoined twins, a rare congenital anomaly caused by fusion of two monozygotic embryos which can be classified according to the different sites of union. The Siamese twins and embryonic duplication are represented by a progressive series of malformations, since partial duplication of part of the body to the training almost full two bodies. Siamese twins occur in humans and in several animal species. Dicephalia refers to two totally separate heads. The aim of this study was to report a case of dicephalia in a bovine fetus.Case: A crossbred bovine fetus from a cow pregnant at. The animal was fixed by immersion in 10% formalin for sample collection. Muscles were dissected, with exposure of the bones of the right head, neck, forelimb, and hind limb. After dissection, the fetus was subjected to a preservation process by impregnation with glycerin. Next, internal organs were removed in bloc (from tongue to rectum) for evaluation of internal alterations. Additionally, radiographs of the spinal cord were performed to diagnose alterations by diagnostic imaging. Radiography revealed the presence of two skulls; two cervical spines, both with seven vertebrae; two thoracic spines, both with 13 vertebrae; and two lumbar spines, both with six vertebrae, however, fused at L4, i.e., connected in the final third part. Further information could not be obtained by the radiographs due to severe overlapping of structures, causing image subtraction. The findings are compatible with mineralized conjoined twin fetuses. After dissection, it was possible to see that each head exhibited normal development of tongue, trachea, and esophagus. In the thorax, there were two lungs with their typical lobes; however, there was atrophy of the lobes located medially. There was one pericardial sac surrounding two hearts. There was dextroposition of the aorta of the right heart, which would pass over the esophagus and trachea, and was connected to the aorta of the left heart in the cervical region. The ribs of the medial portion of the thorax were absent. The diaphragm had a central opening with protrusion of the diaphragmatic portion of the right lung lobe. The abdomen exhibited two rumens, one was blind-ended, and the other had normal prestomachs development, with connection to normal small and large intestines. There was a lung lobe close to the kidneys (pulmonary choristoma).Discussion: The bovine fetus reported here can be classified as dicephalic, since it exhibited two well defined heads and only one body. That is different from diprosopia, which refers to the development of two faces in one skull. Such anomalies are rare and isolated in bovines, with few studies and information about them. The factors that trigger embryonic duplication are still unclear; however, the cause can be attributed to genetic defects in the germ cells, environmental influences, and heredity. The most important known causes are prenatal viral infection, ingestion of teratogens by the mother, vitamin A and folic acid deficiency, genetic factors, and/or a combination of these factors. No reports of rumen duplication in dicephalic bovines have been observed. Although the occurrence of such malformations is rare, they are relevant and cause economic losses to the farmers.Keywords: siamese twins, malformations, radiography, ruminant

Successful xenogeneic germ cell transplantation from Jundia catfish (Rhamdia quelen) into adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) testes

Fish germ cell transplantation presents several important potential applications for aquaculture, including the preservation of germplasm from endangered fish species with high genetic and commercial values. Using this technique in studies developed in our laboratory with adult male Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus), all the necessary procedures were successfully established, allowing the production of functional sperm and healthy progeny approximately 2 months after allogeneic transplantation. In the present study, we evaluated the viability of the adult Nile tilapia testis to generate sperm after xenogeneic transplant of germ cells from sexually mature Jundia catfish (Rhamdia quelen) that belong to a different taxonomic order. Therefore, in order to investigate at different time-periods post-transplantation, the presence and development of donor PKH26 labeled catfish germ cells were followed in the tilapia seminiferous tubules. From 7 to 20 days post-transplantation, only PKH26 labeled spermatogonia were observed, whereas spermatocytes at different stages of development were found at 70 days. Germ cell transplantation success and progression of spermatogenesis were indicated by the presence of labeled PKH26 spermatids and sperm on days 90 and 120 post-transplantation, respectively. Confirming the presence of the catfish genetic material in the tilapia testis, all recipient tilapias evaluated (n = 8) showed the genetic markers evaluated. Therefore, we demonstrated for the first time that the adult Nile tilapia testis offers the functional conditions for development of spermatogenesis with sperm production from a fish species belonging to a different order, which provides an important new venue for aquaculture advancement. © 2016 Elsevier Inc