Family as a Sociocultural Environment for the Development of a Child-Preschooler

The article examines the importance of the family as a socio-cultural environment for the development of a preschooler

Einsatz der Kunstbilder im Fremdsprachenunterricht

Die hohe Mobilität in der Gesellschaft und die Bedürfnisse des modernen Wirtschaftslebens stellen groβe Anforderungen an die kommunikative Kompetenz der Einzelnen. Deshalb muss es die Zielsetzung des Fremdsprachenunterrichts sein, Kenntnisse, Fertigkeiten und Fähigkeiten zu vermitteln, die nicht nur das Kommunizieren in anderen Kulturen ermöglichen, sondern auch zum Handeln und zur Interaktion in fremden kulturen befähigenyesBelgorod State Universit

The Means Of Verbalization Of Non-Verbal Communication Acts In Fiction Texts Of Modern German Literature

The article presents the results of study of acts and functions of behavioral communication that can be found in fiction and descriptive modeling of stereotype means of their verbalization in modern German. Only a limited number of models, which represents extra-linguistic communicative components, were discovered. They can be added to optional lexical elements reflecting the specificity of recipient’s perception of the act. Contextual conditionality of verbalization of non-verbal components is determined by a number of functions which they perform interacting with verbal message in a dialogue. Autonomic usage of paralinguistic means is used for expression of emotional and mental state of participants of communication

Evolutionary genomics of adaptation in Atlantic salmon from northern Europe

Insight into genomic mechanisms of phenotypic variation and adaptation is essential for understanding evolutionary and population dynamics in wild populations. Knowledge about whether it is the same genetic architecture that underlies adaptation over different geographical scales and regions, and what role population history plays, is paramount for the consequent development of efficient conservation practices for the species. Salmonid fishes are commonly characterised by a wide geographic range, distinct population structure, and high incidence of local adaptation, which makes them a great target for studies exploring both the genomic basis of adaptation and the comparative significance of loci involved in adaptation within and between species. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations of northern Europe are particularly interesting: they include the least disturbed populations left in the wild, belong to several distinct phylogeographic lineages, and exhibit astonishing natural variation in response to a salmon ectoparasite, Gyrodactylus salaris, ranging from near resistance in the landlocked and Baltic salmon to high susceptibility with devastating effect in Atlantic Ocean salmon. In this study, I used genome-wide approaches to further characterize the population structure and phylogeographic history of northern European Atlantic salmon (Chapters I-III). I explored the mechanisms behind the observed variation in the levels of susceptibility to G. salaris, by searching for genes playing a key role in the response to the parasite (Chapters I and II). Subsequently, I broadened my work to search for genomic regions involved in local adaptation in general. I examined whether the identified selection targets were similar over a broad geographic range and independent studies, and thus whether there are patterns of adaptive divergence that could be universal across Atlantic salmon populations (Chapter III). To achieve this, I used a large collection of Atlantic salmon samples and applied two SNP arrays of varying density to individual and pooled-per-population DNA samples. I looked for genomic signatures of directional selection in response to specific selective pressures, including G. salaris presence (Chapters I and II). I also looked for loci that may underly local adaptation in general by examining signatures of divergent directional selection among three geographically and genetically distinct sets of populations (Chapter III). To overcome the challenge of correlated environmental traits and the confounding effects of neutral evolution I used a careful methodological strategy, taking into account the phylogeographic relationships of populations and considering only repeated lines of evidence over multiple analyses. Several genomic regions, genes, and single SNP outliers were identified in relation to the observed variation in susceptibility to G. salaris, and to other potential selective pressures. Analyses of gene functions and comparison to other research suggest that the detected loci under G. salaris-mediated selection are participating in control of both innate and acquired immune systems. As there were few genes involved uniquely in immunity among the parasite-related candidates, my results highlight that the immune response in Atlantic salmon may be mediated by a large number of multi-functional loci (Chapters I and II). When examining for locally adaptive candidates in general, seventeen haploblocks were repeatedly found as candidates for divergent selection within different population groups. Several of these genomic regions contained loci known to be of large effect and to be associated with life-history traits and, interestingly, immunity (Chapter III). Overall, this thesis provides evidence that diversification in Atlantic salmon is driven both by multiple loci acting in specific population groups, and by few largeeffect loci acting over a wide geographic range. Exploring the effect of these loci on salmon fitness would help to validate the importance of identified genes and help to assess the long-term viability of northern European salmon

G. K. CHESTERTON’S BIOGRAPHIES. PECULIARITIES OF THE GENRE FORM

Abstract. The paper deals with biographies written by G.K.Chesterton. The works are viewed from theperspective of peculiarities of his artistic and critical method as well as through the prism of biographical theory. The authors aim to study the artistic and polemical means used by G.K.Chesterton, and to identify the features of his biographical approach. The history of the writer’s biographical writings is traced. It is proved that following the general rules of the biography as a traditional conventional form Chesterton breaks with the conventional approaches and forms his own variant of the genre. Such specific methods as building up the psychological portrait of the subject by analysing his creation, paradoxes, brief overview of the life events, open subjectivity of the author’s position and publicistic pathos, essayistic digressions are proved to be the leading technique of Chesterton’s biographies. In this paper we tried to figure out some of the most characteristic features of the biographies written by G.K.Chesterton. Taking into account the fact of the importance and diversity of the biographical genre forms in the twentieth and twenty first century it would be interesting to place Chesterton’s works into a wider context of the English biographicaltradition and to trace his impact on the contemporary development of the genre formKeywords: G. K. Chesterton, biography, art criticism, literary criticism, hagiography, essay

RESEARCH ACTIVITY AS FACTOR OF THE PROFESSIONAL FORMATION OF STUDENTS OF THE VOCATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL SCHOOL

We made an attempt to describe new paradigm of the organization and conduct of research activity in vocational schools, professional development opportunities are considered student's personality by means of research activity.В статье осуществлена попытка охарактеризовать новую парадигму организации научно-исследовательской работы студентов в вузах, рассматриваются возможности профессионального развития личности обучающегося средствами научного творчества. Раскрывается многогранная сущность исследовательской деятельности студентов и ее влияние на процесс профессионального становления специалиста