El lenguaje tecnológico en las prácticas de enseñanza en la formación del profesorado. Algunas consideraciones iniciales

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito exponer una serie de consideraciones en torno a las prácticas de enseñanza que involucran al lenguaje tecnológico. Estas consideraciones surgen del proceso llevado a cabo para la construcción e implementación de propuestas que incluyen el uso del lenguaje tecnológico en las prácticas de formación del profesorado de Educación Especial. Los aspectos a mencionar emergen del análisis acerca de las diferentes actividades desarrolladas en el marco de la línea de investigación PRÁCTICAS DE ENSEÑANZA. Lenguaje Tecnológico y comprensión en espacios de formación en la carrera del Profesorado de Educación Especial del PROICO 4-1316 “Prácticas de Enseñanza para la comprensión. Su impacto en la formación de los estudiantes de las carreras de Profesorados de Educación Inicial y Especial” de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Nuestro eje central de estudio se basa en cómo el espacio de investigación y la relación interdisciplinar de sus miembros promueve la realización de prácticas de investigación y de formación que favorecen la construcción del lenguaje tecnológico y su integración significativa en las prácticas de enseñanza dentro del aula universitaria

Una experiencia en la enseñanza de la programación para la permanencia de los alumnos de Ingeniería Electrónica

La programación es una disciplina de las Ciencias de la Computación con diversas y variadas aplicaciones. Aprender a programar problemas computacionales representa un profundo desafío intelectual. La verdadera dificultad no reside en expresar la solución del problema en términos de instrucciones elementales de un lenguaje de programación específico, sino en la resolución del problema propiamente dicho. El proceso de encontrar una solución adecuada al mismo provoca en el alumno un conflicto cognitivo por no dominar un sistema de estrategias que le permitan afrontar la situación de manera satisfactoria. Del análisis de la realidad en el aula que se viene presentando con los alumnos que ingresan a la carrera de Ingeniería, se ha detectado que el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes es cada vez menos satisfactorio agravado por la complejidad intrínseca de los contenidos de la asignatura. En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia realizada durante el dictado del primer curso de enseñanza de la programación que reciben los alumnos de primer año en la carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas y Naturales, de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina.Programming is a computer science discipline that has many applications in the real world. Learning to program computational problems represents an intellectual challenge. The main difficulty lies not in expressing the solution in terms of elementary instructions, but in solving the problem itself. To find an appropriate solution for a problem causes with the student a cognitive conflict due of they do not dominate a system of strategies in order to respond satisfactorily. The analysis of what happen in the classroom today with the first level students to the Engineering, exhibit that the academic performance of students is becoming less satisfactory added to the complexity of the subject content. This paper presents the experience made during the first programming course the students receive in the first year of electronic engineering, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and from the National University of San Luis, Argentina.Universidad de Granada: Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Vicerrectorado para la Garantía de la Calidad

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Una experiencia en la enseñanza de la programación para la permanencia de los alumnos de Ingeniería Electrónica

La programación es una disciplina de las Ciencias de la Computación con diversas y variadas aplicaciones. Aprender a programar problemas computacionales representa un profundo desafío intelectual. La verdadera dificultad no reside en expresar la solución del problema en términos de instrucciones elementales de un lenguaje de programación específico, sino en la resolución del problema propiamente dicho. El proceso de encontrar una solución adecuada al mismo provoca en el alumno un conflicto cognitivo por no dominar un sistema de estrategias que le permitan afrontar la situación de manera satisfactoria. Del análisis de la realidad en el aula que se viene presentando con los alumnos que ingresan a la carrera de Ingeniería, se ha detectado que el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes es cada vez menos satisfactorio agravado por la complejidad intrínseca de los contenidos de la asignatura. En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia realizada durante el dictado del primer curso de enseñanza de la programación que reciben los alumnos de primer año en la carrera de Ingeniería Electrónica de la Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas y Naturales, de la Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina.Programming is a computer science discipline that has many applications in the real world. Learning to program computational problems represents an intellectual challenge. The main difficulty lies not in expressing the solution in terms of elementary instructions, but in solving the problem itself. To find an appropriate solution for a problem causes with the student a cognitive conflict due of they do not dominate a system of strategies in order to respond satisfactorily. The analysis of what happen in the classroom today with the first level students to the Engineering, exhibit that the academic performance of students is becoming less satisfactory added to the complexity of the subject content. This paper presents the experience made during the first programming course the students receive in the first year of electronic engineering, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, and from the National University of San Luis, Argentina.Universidad de Granada: Departamento de Arquitectura y Tecnología de Computadores; Vicerrectorado para la Garantía de la Calidad

Altered distribution of peripheral blood memory B cells in humans chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi.

Numerous abnormalities of the peripheral blood T cell compartment have been reported in human chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection and related to prolonged antigenic stimulation by persisting parasites. Herein, we measured circulating lymphocytes of various phenotypes based on the differential expression of CD19, CD4, CD27, CD10, IgD, IgM, IgG and CD138 in a total of 48 T. cruzi-infected individuals and 24 healthy controls. Infected individuals had decreased frequencies of CD19+CD27+ cells, which positively correlated with the frequencies of CD4+CD27+ cells. The contraction of CD19+CD27+ cells was comprised of IgG+IgD-, IgM+IgD- and isotype switched IgM-IgD- memory B cells, CD19+CD10+CD27+ B cell precursors and terminally differentiated CD19+CD27+CD138+ plasma cells. Conversely, infected individuals had increased proportions of CD19+IgG+CD27-IgD- memory and CD19+IgM+CD27-IgD+ transitional/naïve B cells. These observations prompted us to assess soluble CD27, a molecule generated by the cleavage of membrane-bound CD27 and used to monitor systemic immune activation. Elevated levels of serum soluble CD27 were observed in infected individuals with Chagas cardiomyopathy, indicating its potentiality as an immunological marker for disease progression in endemic areas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that chronic T. cruzi infection alters the distribution of various peripheral blood B cell subsets, probably related to the CD4+ T cell deregulation process provoked by the parasite in humans

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

International audienceAbstract Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance