A Rákóczifalva-Bivaly-tó, Bagi föld I. lelőhelyen feltárt rézkori temető embertani adatai

Anthropological data of the Copper Age cemetery at Rákóczifalva–Bivaly-tó, Bagi föld 1. The cemetery, dated to the Tiszapolgár and Bodrogkeresztúr Cultures provided anthropological remains of altogether 68 individuals. The poor condition of the anthropological material allowed only partial evaluations. The demographic analysis provided unreal results due to the complete lack of the neonatus age group in the series; only the square male/female ratio seems to be acceptable. Pathological observation was also very limited. Enthesopathy is a characteristic of this series, as is the presence of artificial, work-related abrasion on the incisors and canines of both sexes. The taxonomic data, corresponding with other coeval series, shows heterogeneity, but in this population brachycrany does not appear

Starcevo temetkezések embertani leletei Vörs-Máriaasszonysziget lelőhelyről

The first part of the article is dealing with the anthropological Starčevo finds from Vörs- Máriasszonysziget, while the results of the typological and biostatistical comparisons between the Early Neolithic Starčevo and Körös populations are presented in the second part of the study. Keywords: Paleoanthropology ; Starčevo Culture ; Typological heterogeneity

Anthropological sketch of the prehistoric population of the Carpathian Basin

The present review is an attempt to sketch the anthropological characteristics of the populations that inhabited the smaller or larger geographical units of the whole Carpathian Basin during the several thousand years of prehistory in a grouping according to archaeological cultures defined up to now (which are constantly modified and precised) based on taxonomic data in the technical literature and the results of my Penrose-analyses that attest to the continuity of the autochtonous populations

A szabadi kelta temető hamvasztott embertani leletei

A lelőhelyen 1981-ben feltárt temetőrészlet 9 hamvasztásos sírjának leletei álltak az embertani vizsgálat rendelkezésére. Az alábbiak az anyag síronkénti leírását, valamint a vizsgálati eredményeket tartalmazzák

Excavation along the easternmost frontier of the LBK in NE-Hungary at Apc-Berekalja I (2008–2009)

The topographical position and size of the site, the number of detected houses, the presence of the early phase make the Apc-Berekalja I settlement one of the most significant sites of the LBK in Hungary. The ongoing processing of the excavation data provided already some very important observations. The geoarchaeological results demonstrated the presence of the in situ soil of the Neolithic period and effects of floods on the settlement. The study of the chipped and ground stone material coming from the Neolithic features revealed no conspicuous changes in the lithic industry of the settlement from the pre-Notenkopf to Želiezovce phases of the LBK. Lithic raw materials came exclusively from territories to the east of the site, which is an evidence of the isolation of the LBK groups that inhabited Apc. | Földrajzi helyzete, a lelőhely mérete, a megfigyelt házak száma és a korai fázis megléte alapján Apc-Berekalja I. az egyik legjelentősebb magyarországi VK-település. Az ásatási adatok még folyamatban lévő feldolgozása során közlésre méltó eredmények születtek. A geoarcheológiai vizsgálatok kimutatták egy neolitikus korú talaj in situ meglétét, valamint a települést sújtó áradásokat. A neolitikus korú objektumokból származó pattintott és szerszámkövek a település fennállása alatt a kőipar lényegi változatlanságáról tanúskodnak a VK korai időszakától a zselízi fázisáig. A településen élők a kőnyersanyagokat kizárólag a keletre eső területekről szerezték be, ami az itt lakó csoport izoláltságát igazolja

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes identify nuanced dietary changes from the Bronze and Iron Ages on the Great Hungarian Plain

The Great Hungarian Plain (GHP) served as a geographic funnel for population mobility throughout prehistory. Genomic and isotopic research demonstrates non-linear genetic turnover and technological shifts between the Copper and Iron Ages of the GHP, which influenced the dietary strategies of numerous cultures that intermixed and overlapped through time. Given the complexities of these prehistoric cultural and demographic processes, this study aims to identify and elucidate diachronic and culture-specific dietary signatures. We report on stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from 74 individuals from nineteen sites in the GHP dating to a ~ 3000-year time span between the Early Bronze and Early Iron Ages. The samples broadly indicate a terrestrial C 3 diet with nuanced differences amongst populations and through time, suggesting exogenous influences that manifested in subsistence strategies. Slightly elevated δ 15 N values for Bronze Age samples imply higher reliance on protein than in the Iron Age. Interestingly, the Füzesabony have carbon values typical of C 4 vegetation indicating millet consumption, or that of a grain with comparable δ 13 C ratios, which corroborates evidence from outside the GHP for its early cultivation during the Middle Bronze Age. Finally, our results also suggest locally diverse subsistence economies for GHP Scythians

An integrative skeletal and paleogenomic analysis of stature variation suggests relatively reduced health for early european farmers

Human culture, biology, and health were shaped dramatically by the onset of agriculture ∼12,000 y B.P. This shift is hypothesized to have resulted in increased individual fitness and population growth as evidenced by archaeological and population genomic data alongside a decline in physiological health as inferred from skeletal remains. Here, we consider osteological and ancient DNA data from the same prehistoric individuals to study human stature variation as a proxy for health across a transition to agriculture. Specifically, we compared “predicted” genetic contributions to height from paleogenomic data and “achieved” adult osteological height estimated from long bone measurements for 167 individuals across Europe spanning the Upper Paleolithic to Iron Age (∼38,000 to 2,400 B.P.). We found that individuals from the Neolithic were shorter than expected (given their individual polygenic height scores) by an average of −3.82 cm relative to individuals from the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic (P = 0.040) and −2.21 cm shorter relative to post-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.068), with osteological vs. expected stature steadily increasing across the Copper (+1.95 cm relative to the Neolithic), Bronze (+2.70 cm), and Iron (+3.27 cm) Ages. These results were attenuated when we additionally accounted for genome-wide genetic ancestry variation: for example, with Neolithic individuals −2.82 cm shorter than expected on average relative to pre-Neolithic individuals (P = 0.120). We also incorporated observations of paleopathological indicators of nonspecific stress that can persist from childhood to adulthood in skeletal remains into our model. Overall, our work highlights the potential of integrating disparate datasets to explore proxies of health in prehistory.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Римска и средњовековна некропола у Равни код Књажевца

Institute of Archaeology in Belgrade in collaboration with the Regional Museum in Knjazevac has been conducting continuously since 1975 systematic archaeological investigations of the Roman fortification Timacum Minus. Project director from 1975 to 1997 was Dr Petar Petrovic who with his collaborators published in the main the results of archaeological investigations as well as the epigraphic monuments from this site.1 Archaeological investigations of fortification Timacum Minus within an area of about 2 ha on the site 'Kuline' revealed in the section of west gate the remains of the earliest earthen fortification with palisade and timber square towers and along the eastern rampart a defensive moat - Iossa dating from the middle of the 1 st century AD. This earliest fortification was garrisoned by Cohors I Thracum Syriaca. Excavations in the west gate section, at the northwest and northeast corner of the fortification as well as the site survey confirmed the first stone fortification of rectangular plan most probably dating from the middle of the 2nd century AD. The size of fortification was 144 m in the east-west direction and 112 m in the north-south direction. This fortification had rounded corners and internal square towers. The west gate 3 m wide was flanked with internal towers and there was matching gate in the east rampart and there were two internal towers of the same shape between corners and gates on the east and west rampart (Plan 1 ).2 Since the time of construction of stone fortification the garrison consisted of Cohors II Aurelia Dardanorum until the Late Roman period, i.e. last decades of the 4th century when they were replaced by pseudocomitatenses Timacenses auxiliari.Monographs / Archaeological Institute, Belgrade = Посебна издања / Археолошки институт, Београд ; vol. 4