Application of multicriteria fuzzy clusterization approach to assess the arctic seas oil and gas field development prospects

The article describes a unified approach to the assessment of resources and business planning. As an example, the oil and gas resources of the Pechora Sea are considered in the paper. Based on the specifics of the problem (the quantity and quality of the available data and their nature), the methods of multicriteria fuzzy clusterization are used. The assessment of the prospects for the development of oil and gas fields was carried out using 3 criteria, namely: availability of resources (natural and climatic conditions of the region); hydrocarbon resources and their degree of exploration; economic assessment of the development. The results of such an analysis are presented in the form of maps of the Pechora Sea area, illustrating the most important and accessible areas and the sequence of their development. Such a stepwise development based on minimizing the risk and maximizing the benefits can be the basis for the successful and trouble-free development of the resources of the entire region.publishedVersio

НИЗКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ АНТИТРОМБИНА III КАК ПРЕДИКТОР РАЗВИТИЯ ТРОМБОТИЧЕСКИХ ОСЛОЖНЕНИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОФИЛЯ

Introduction. Pulmonary embolism (PE), being the most severe embolic complication, is characterised by low predictability, high mortality and incapacitation rates as well as a correspondingly high economic cost of therapy and aftercare. In this connection, the main purpose of our work is to find a warning for PE development in non-cardiosurgical patients that have undergone intensive therapy under conditions of general surgical ICU, among the indicators of the haemostasis system.Materials and methods. Based at the anaesthesiology and emergency surgical department № 1 of the Kuvatov Republic Clinical Hospital (Russia), the researchers carried out an analysis of the haemostasis system in 430 patients hospitalised between 2010 and 2014. The functional activity of platelets was studied using a Biola 230LA laser platelet aggregation analyser (Russia). The determination of circulating aggregates was conducted using the Wu — Hoak method. Thromboelastography was carried out using a TEG 5000 Thromboelastograph (USA). A Stago STA Compact automated selective haemostasis analyser (France) was used to register indicators that characterise the state of endothelium, the haemostatic coagulation element and thrombosis and fibrinolysis markers.Results. Univariate analysis demonstrated a connection between nosocomial episodes of thrombosis and the following factors: emergency surgery (OR 9.1, p<0.01), peripheral vessel disease (OR 13.5, p=0.01), collapse development in pre-operation period (OR 30, p<0.01), high content of D-dimers (OR 30, p<0.01) and low content of AT III (OR 13.5, p=0.01). The results of multifactor analysis show that the significant diagnostic criteria are high D-dimer content and low AT III venous blood activity.Conclusion. A determination of high risks will enable the incidence of pulmonary embolism to be to minimised as well as provide a timely assessment of the efficiency of preventive measures carried out. Введение. Тромбоэмболия легочной артерии (ТЭЛА), являясь самым грозным эмболическим осложнением, характеризуется низкой вероятностью прогноза, высоким процентом летальности, смертности и инвалидизации и, как следствие, высокой экономической стоимостью лечения и реабилитации. В этой связи основной целью нашей работы послужил поиск предикторов развития ТЭЛА у пациентов не кардиохирургического профиля, получавших интенсивную терапию в условиях общехирургического ОРИТ, среди показателей системы гемостаза.Материалы и методы. На базе анестезиолого-реанимационного отделения № 1 хирургического профиля ГБУЗ Республиканская клиническая больница имени Г.Г. Куватова (г. Уфа) был проведен анализ показателей системы гемостаза 430 пациентов, госпитализированных в период с 2010 по 2014 г. Исследование агрегации тромбоцитов осуществляли с помощью лазерного анализатора агрегации тромбоцитов «Биола 230LA». Определение циркулирующих агрегатов проводили по методу Wu — Hoak. Показатели, характеризующие состояние эндотелия, активность коагуляционного звена гемостаза и маркеры процессов тромбообразования и фибринолиза при действии изучаемых веществ, регистрировали на автоматизированном селективном анализаторе гемостаза STA Сompact («Ф. Хоффманн — Ля Рош Лтд», Франция).Результаты. Однофакторный анализ выявил наличие связи между госпитальными эпизодами тромбоза и следующими факторами: экстренное хирургическое вмешательство (OR 9,1, p<0,01), заболевание периферических сосудов (OR 13,5, p=0,01), развитие шока в дооперационном периоде (OR 30, p<0,01), высокое содержание D-димеров (OR 30, p<0,01) и низкое содержание АТ III (OR 13,5, p=0,01). По результатам многофакторного анализа значимыми диагностическими критериями являются высокое содержание D-димеров и низкая активность AT III венозной крови.Заключение: установленная закономерность позволяет верифицировать высокие риски в отношении вероятности тромбоэмболии легочной артерии и своевременно оценивать эффективность проводимых профилактических мер.

Identification and characterization of the mouse nuclear export factor (Nxf) family members

TAP/hNXF1 is a key factor that mediates general cellular mRNA export from the nucleus, and its orthologs are structurally and functionally conserved from yeast to humans. Metazoans encode additional proteins that share homology and domain organization with TAP/hNXF1, suggesting their participation in mRNA metabolism; however, the precise role(s) of these proteins is not well understood. Here, we found that the human mRNA export factor hNXF2 is specifically expressed in the brain, suggesting a brain-specific role in mRNA metabolism. To address the roles of additional NXF factors, we have identified and characterized the two Nxf genes, Nxf2 and Nxf7, which together with the TAP/hNXF1's ortholog Nxf1 comprise the murine Nxf family. Both mNXF2 and mNXF7 have a domain structure typical of the NXF family. We found that mNXF2 protein is expressed during mouse brain development. Similar to TAP/hNXF1, the mNXF2 protein is found in the nucleus, the nuclear envelope and cytoplasm, and is an active mRNA export receptor. In contrast, mNXF7 localizes exclusively to cytoplasmic granules and, despite its overall conserved sequence, lacks mRNA export activity. We concluded that mNXF2 is an active mRNA export receptor similar to the prototype TAP/hNXF1, whereas mNXF7 may have a more specialized role in the cytoplasm

Профилактика COVID-19-ассоциированного нарушения гемостаза у пациента со стентированными коронарными артериями. Клинический случай

Introduction. In patients with COVID-19, acute pulmonary lesion grows on inflammation and microvascular thrombosis. Thromboinflammation may develop outside alveolar endothelium and affect endothelium of the heart, kidneys, intestine and other vital organs leading to a multiple-organ insufficiency and possible lethal outcomes. Treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in the Russian Federation should comply with the Interim Methodological Guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health that support the global mainstream of COVID-19 containment measures and are updated regularly with new evidence on drug effectiveness, including anticoagulants.Materials and methods. We review a clinical case of effective treatment of a COVID19 patient with prior coronary surgery from the perspective of the Interim Methodical Guidelines of different editions and international clinical experience in anticoagulant therapy.Results and discussion. A retrospective analysis of the patient’s treatment demonstrated the efficacy of thromboelastography in rapid assessment of blood hypercoagulation and parnaparin sodium as a drug of choice among low-molecular heparins in a combined setting with dual antiplatelet therapy. Etiotropic therapy rendered to this patient is currently considered less effective.Conclusion. Combination of anticoagulants with antiaggregants is shown effective under high risks of thrombosis and a background COVID-19 infection, if justified clinically. In cases of complicated diff erential diagnosis, selection of optimal management strategy, anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet therapy monitoring, a good practice is to rely on both the available domestic guidelines and latest meta-analyses combined with international clinical experience.Введение. У пациентов с COVID-19 в основе острого повреждения легких лежит воспалительная реакция и микрососудистый тромбоз. Развитие тромбовоспалительного синдрома возможно не только в эндотелии легких, идет повреждение эндотелия сердца, почек, кишечника и других жизненно важных органов, что и приводит к полиорганной недостаточности, способствуя развитию летального исхода. Лечение и профилактика инфекции, вызванной SARS-CoV-2, на территории Российской Федерации должны проводиться в соответствии с Временными методическими рекомендациями Минздрава России, которые находятся в общемировом тренде по вопросам профилактики и лечения COVID-19 и регулярно пересматриваются в связи с новыми данными об эффективности различных препаратов, в том числе и антикоагулянтов.Материалы и методы. В данной статье мы рассмотрим клинический случай эффективного лечения пациента с COVID-19 после вмешательства на коронарных артериях через призму Временных методических рекомендаций разных версий и результатов международных клинических исследований в отношении антикоагулянтной терапии.Результаты и их обсуждение. Ретроспективный анализ лечения пациента продемонстрировал эффективность тромбоэластографии в качестве средства быстрой оценки гиперкоагуляции крови пациента, парнапарина натрия в качестве препарата выбора среди низкомолекулярных гепаринов в условиях совместного применения с дуальной антиагрегантной терапией. Этиотропная терапия, полученная данным пациентом, сегодня считается уже малоэффективной.Заключение. Таким образом, продемонстрирована необходимость совместного назначения антикоагулянтов и антиагрегантов пациентам с высокими факторами риска тромбоза на фоне COVID-19 при наличии показаний. В условиях трудной дифференциальной диагностики, выбора тактики ведения пациента, осуществления мониторинга антикоагуляционной и/или антиагрегационной терапии необходимо опираться не только на имеющиеся национальные рекомендации, но и на результаты последних метаанализов и международных клинических рекомендаций

Mass Transfer Mechanism in Real Crystals by Pulsed Laser Irradiation

The dynamic processes in the surface layers of metals subjected activity of a pulsing laser irradiation, which destroyed not the crystalline structure in details surveyed. The procedure of calculation of a dislocation density generated in bulk of metal during the relaxation processes and at repeated pulse laser action is presented. The results of evaluations coincide with high accuracy with transmission electron microscopy dates. The dislocation-interstitial mechanism of laser-stimulated mass-transfer in real crystals is presented on the basis of the ideas of the interaction of structure defects in dynamically deforming medium. The good compliance of theoretical and experimental results approves a defining role of the presented mechanism of mass transfer at pulse laser action on metals. The possible implementation this dislocation-interstitial mechanism of mass transfer in metals to other cases of pulsing influences is justifiedComment: 10 pages, 2 figures, Late

FAVOR (FAst Variability Optical Registration) -- A Two-telescope Complex for Detection and Investigation of Short Optical Transients

An astronomical complex intended to detect optical transients (OTs) in a wide field and follow them up with high time resolution investigation is described.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendr

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИСКУССТВЕННОЙ ВЕНТИЛЯЦИИ ЛЕГКИХ НА РЕАЛЬНУЮ ЭНЕРГОПОТРЕБНОСТЬ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ РЕАНИМАЦИИ И ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ

Elective or emergence surgery often is closely connected with development of hypercatabolism-hypermetabolism syndrome. Non-effective and late nutritional support in surgical critically ill patients lead to several consequences and complications such as: wound and nosocomial infectons, gastric stress ulcers, pressure ulcers, prolonged artificial lung ventilation, increased length of stay in ICU and hospital. Energy deficit is one of the important components of critical illness and it corresponds with multiple organ dysfunction progression. Prospective study was provided in 18 beds surgical intensive care unit (SICU). 106 patient medical cards were divided into 4 groupstwo control and two basic with espiratory support (subgroup with artificial lung ventilation and subgroup without artificial lung ventilation). We compared the effectiviness of two methods for the estimation of patients energy needsspecial equations and indirect calorimetry. As a result we found out that main markers of energy and protein metabolism and nutritive status were significantly higher in indirect calorimetry groupswith and without artificial lung ventilation. Conclusion: Indirect calorimetry method usage for the estimation of energy needs in surgical ICU patients is more effective than special equations method during first 7 days of critical illness and may be recommended for clinical practice implication. Неотложное и плановое оперативное вмешательства всегда сопровождаются развитием синдрома гиперметаболизма гиперкатаболизма. Неадекватная и несвоевременная нутритивная поддержка при критических состояниях в клинике хирургических болезней приводит к развитию целого ряда неблагоприятных последствий и осложнений, таких как: раневые инфекции, нозокомиальные инфекции различной локализации, стрессовые язвы ЖКТ, пролежни, длительная искусственная вентиляция легких, длительное пребывание больного в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ) и стационаре. Неотъемлемым компонентом критических состояний является энергодефицит, который поддерживает и приводит к прогрессированию синдрома полиорганной недостаточности. Проспективное когортное исследование проведено на базе 18-коечного хирургического отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии. 106 историй болезней пациентов разделили на 4 группы две контрольные и две основные с респираторной поддержкой (подгруппа с искусственной вентиляцией легких (ИВЛ) и без респираторной поддержки (подгруппа без ИВЛ). Проведено сравнение метода расчетных уравнений и метода непрямой калориметрии для подбора оптимального количества вводимых больному калорий. В результате проведенного исследования показатели белково-энергетического и нутритивного статуса были достоверно лучше в группе непрямой калориметрии как у больных на ИВЛ, так и без ИВЛ. У пациентов в критическом состоянии, находившихся в хирургическом отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии для проведения оценки их потребности в энергии целесообразно проводить непрямую калориметрию в первые 7 суто

УРОВЕНЬ ЭНДОТОКСИНА КРОВИ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С СЕПСИСОМ КАК РАННИЙ ПРЕДИКТОР ЛЕТАЛЬНОСТИ

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The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. VII. The third XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue

Thanks to the large collecting area (3 x ~1500 cm$^2$ at 1.5 keV) and wide field of view (30' across in full field mode) of the X-ray cameras on board the European Space Agency X-ray observatory XMM-Newton, each individual pointing can result in the detection of hundreds of X-ray sources, most of which are newly discovered. Recently, many improvements in the XMM-Newton data reduction algorithms have been made. These include enhanced source characterisation and reduced spurious source detections, refined astrometric precision, greater net sensitivity and the extraction of spectra and time series for fainter sources, with better signal-to-noise. Further, almost 50\% more observations are in the public domain compared to 2XMMi-DR3, allowing the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre (XMM-SSC) to produce a much larger and better quality X-ray source catalogue. The XMM-SSC has developed a pipeline to reduce the XMM-Newton data automatically and using improved calibration a new catalogue version has been produced from XMM-Newton data made public by 2013 Dec. 31 (13 years of data). Manual screening ensures the highest data quality. This catalogue is known as 3XMM. In the latest release, 3XMM-DR5, there are 565962 X-ray detections comprising 396910 unique X-ray sources. For the 133000 brightest sources, spectra and lightcurves are provided. For all detections, the positions on the sky, a measure of the quality of the detection, and an evaluation of the X-ray variability is provided, along with the fluxes and count rates in 7 X-ray energy bands, the total 0.2-12 keV band counts, and four hardness ratios. To identify the detections, a cross correlation with 228 catalogues is also provided for each X-ray detection. 3XMM-DR5 is the largest X-ray source catalogue ever produced. Thanks to the large array of data products, it is an excellent resource in which to find new and extreme objects.Comment: 23 pages, version accepted for publication in A&

Surgical Aid to Patients with Hepatopancreatobiliary Situations in Precovid Period and under Persistent Relapse of New Coronavirus Infection SARS-CoV-2

Introduction. The third wave of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) pandemic warrants total mobilisation of healthcare and social resources. In this respect, a pressing issue remains the provision of routine and emergency surgical care in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary diseases.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the surgical outcomes in 5,040 hepatopancreatobiliary patients was carried out; this accounted for 51.1 % of the total abdominal surgeries.Results and discussion. Biliary lithiasis and its complications — choledocholithiasis with obstructive jaundice and residual choledocholithiasis — (54.4 %) as well as acute calculous cholecystitis (18.7 %) were operated most frequently. A sharp decrease over all hepatopancreatobiliary nosologies was registered for the surgical interventions in first pandemic year 2020. Thus, the median annual number of operations for biliary lithiasis and its complications was 550 (482–592 year-range) in the precovid period, while dropping to only 321 at the onset of pandemic (p <0.05). A first sixmonth survey of year 2021 revealed a growth of surgical activity for all hepatopancreatobiliary nosologies.Conclusion. Hepatopancreatobiliary operations prevail (54.4 % cases) in the total structure of level 3 abdominal surgical interventions. A high annual rate of surgical operations over nearly all hepatopancreatobiliary nosologies was interrupted in the first year of the new coronavirus infection outbreak. Meanwhile, the first half of 2021 showed a clear tend towards restoring the precovid statistical indicators, despite the stressful conditions of persistently relapsing COVID-19 that surgical facilities had faced