Fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitor herbicides

Radish is an important weed that causes yield reduction in winter crops in southern Brazil. The control chemical of radish is an important and essential step to prevent damage on crops. However the intensive use of ALS-inhibitors herbicides favors the selection resistant biotypes. The selection can influence the adaptive traits of biotypes with physiological changes and growth variables and plant reproduction. The objective of the study was compare the fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitors herbicides. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse using completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement corresponding to susceptible and resistant biotypes (B1 and B4) and nine sampling times (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126 days after emergency), respectively. The variables evaluated were plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, number of siliques and seeds produced per plant. The results showed that the resistant biotype (B4) had no fitness costs when compared to the susceptible biotype (B1).Radish is an important weed that causes yield reduction in winter crops in southern Brazil. The control chemical of radish is an important and essential step to prevent damage on crops. However the intensive use of ALS-inhibitors herbicides favors the selection resistant biotypes. The selection can influence the adaptive traits of biotypes with physiological changes and growth variables and plant reproduction. The objective of the study was compare the fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitors herbicides. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse using completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement corresponding to susceptible and resistant biotypes (B1 and B4) and nine sampling times (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126 days after emergency), respectively. The variables evaluated were plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, number of siliques and seeds produced per plant. The results showed that the resistant biotype (B4) had no fitness costs when compared to the susceptible biotype (B1)

Implantação da coleção de amostras de madeira: características da madeira como material de estudo/ Implementation of the wood sample collection: wood characteristics as study material

Um montante de objetos ou itens que constituem um conjunto e são denominados de coleção. Uma coleção pode ser de diversos tipos, sendo um deles as coleções biológicas. A coleção biológica pode ser entendida como um conjunto de organismos, ou partes destes, preservados fora do ambiente natural, isto é, de seu sítio de coleta. Estas desempenham um papel de suma importância nos registros sobre a biodiversidade mundial da fauna e da flora. Sua sistematização que vem crescendo ao longo dos anos permite a produção de banco de dados acessíveis por pesquisadores e estudiosos de diversas partes do mundo, criando assim uma importante rede de informações sobre a biodiversidade. Na Engenharia Florestal, por exemplo, há a necessidade de uma coleção que demonstre o crescimento das árvores, espécies, gêneros, dentre outras características, e para isso preservar os exemplares é de suma importância. Nos cursos de ensino superior, para melhor compreensão de estudos, para auxiliar nas práticas de determinadas componentes curriculares e para o ensino e pesquisa o uso de coleções, herbários, xilotecas e acervos são fundamentais como por exemplo na Engenharia Florestal e demais áreas relacionadas a flora e a fauna. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma coleção de madeiras para implementar as aulas dos componentes curriculares da área de tecnologia da madeira, com amostras de troncos de madeira de algumas espécies. Estas amostras visam demonstrar os mais variados tipos de defeitos, com o propósito de proporcionar aos alunos mais uma fonte de informações

Nitriding in non-toxic salts bath: An approach to implement cleaner production in the metallurgic industry

The need for sustainable development has been reflected in the adoption of cleaner production initiatives in the last years. However, the literature indicates that more research is still necessary to engage industries in adopting alternatives to reduce environmental impact. In that regard, we investigated a way to reduce the environmental impact in the metal-mechanical industry, caused by the conventional salt bath nitriding process. This technique commonly uses cyanides and cyanates salts as a nitrogen source for the formation of nitrides coating to improve the metal surface properties, especially to achieve high hardness. Thereby, this paper sets out an approach, as an alternative to obtain a nitride layer, formed by non-toxic salts: potassium nitrate additivated with a new condition of antioxidative salt, potassium chloride, which improves the nitriding efficiency and surface finish of carbon steel 0.2% C. The results indicated the formation of a white layer of 8 μm thickness and a diffusion zone around 200 μm, after 3 h of nitriding. There was an increase in hardness, from 198 HV on the substrate to 702 HV on the nitrided surface. Consequently, one can conclude that the use of non-toxic salts is an efficient alternative to improve the surface properties in low carbon steel with the advantage of applying green engineering approaches, feasible technologically to the decrease in the amount of pollution

Fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitor herbicides

Radish is an important weed that causes yield reduction in winter crops in southern Brazil. The control chemical of radish is an important and essential step to prevent damage on crops. However the intensive use of ALS-inhibitors herbicides favors the selection resistant biotypes. The selection can influence the adaptive traits of biotypes with physiological changes and growth variables and plant reproduction. The objective of the study was compare the fitness costs of susceptible and resistant radish biotypes to ALS-inhibitors herbicides. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse using completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in factorial arrangement corresponding to susceptible and resistant biotypes (B1 and B4) and nine sampling times (14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, 98, 112 and 126 days after emergency), respectively. The variables evaluated were plant height, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, leaf area, growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, number of siliques and seeds produced per plant. The results showed that the resistant biotype (B4) had no fitness costs when compared to the susceptible biotype (B1)

CNVRanger: association analysis of CNVs with gene expression and quantitative phenotypes

SUMMARY: Copy number variation (CNV) is a major type of structural genomic variation that is increasingly studied across different species for association with diseases and production traits. Established protocols for experimental detection and computational inference of CNVs from SNP array and next-generation sequencing data are available. We present the CNVRanger R/Bioconductor package which implements a comprehensive toolbox for structured downstream analysis of CNVs. This includes functionality for summarizing individual CNV calls across a population, assessing overlap with functional genomic regions, and genome-wide association analysis with gene expression and quantitative phenotypes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: http://bioconductor.org/packages/CNVRanger.</p

Genome-Wide Detection of CNVs and Their Association with Meat Tenderness in Nelore Cattle.

Brazil is one of the largest beef producers and exporters in the world with the Nelore breed representing the vast majority of Brazilian cattle (Bos taurus indicus). Despite the great adaptability of the Nelore breed to tropical climate, meat tenderness (MT) remains to be improved. Several factors including genetic composition can influence MT. In this article, we report a genome-wide analysis of copy number variation (CNV) inferred from Illumina® High Density SNP-chip data for a Nelore population of 723 males. We detected >2,600 CNV regions (CNVRs) representing ≈6.5% of the genome. Comparing our results with previous studies revealed an overlap in ≈1400 CNVRs (>50%). A total of 1,155 CNVRs (43.6%) overlapped 2,750 genes. They were enriched for processes involving guanosine triphosphate (GTP), previously reported to influence skeletal muscle physiology and morphology. Nelore CNVRs also overlapped QTLs for MT reported in other breeds (8.9%, 236 CNVRs) and from a previous study with this population (4.1%, 109 CNVRs). Two CNVRs were also proximal to glutathione metabolism genes that were previously associated with MT. Genome-wide association study of CN state with estimated breeding values derived from meat shear force identified 6 regions, including a region on BTA3 that contains genes of the cAMP and cGMP pathway. Ten CNVRs that overlapped regions associated with MT were successfully validated by qPCR. Our results represent the first comprehensive CNV study in Bos taurus indicus cattle and identify regions in which copy number changes are potentially of importance for the MT phenotype

Associação de fatores de risco cardiovasculares com adiferentes apresentações da síndrome coronariana aguda

OBJECTIVE: to identify the relationship between different presentations of acute coronary syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors among hospitalized individuals. METHOD: cross-sectional study performed in a teaching hospital in São Paulo, in the State of São Paulo (SP). Socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric data of 150 individuals hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome were collected through interviews and review of clinical charts. Association between these data and the presentation of the syndrome were investigated. RESULTS: there was a predominance of ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. There was significant association of systemic hypertension with unstable angina and high values of low density lipoprotein with infarction, without influence from socio-demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: arterial hypertension and high levels of low-density lipoprotein were associated with different presentations of coronary syndrome. The results can provide support for health professionals for secondary prevention programs aimed at behavioural changing.OBJETIVO: identificar la relación de las diferentes presentaciones del síndrome coronario agudo con factores de riesgo cardiovasculares entre individuos hospitalizados.MÉTODO: estudio transversal realizado en un hospital escuela de São Paulo-SP. Los dato sociodemográficos, clínicos y antropométricos de 150 individuos hospitalizados por síndrome coronario agudo fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista y revisión de fichas médicas. Fue verificada la asociación de esos datos con la presentación del síndrome. RESULTADOS: hubo predominio de infarto agudo del miocardio con deflexión positiva del segmento ST; hubo asociación significativa de hipertensión arterial sistémica con angina inestable y altos valores de lipoproteína de baja densidad con infarto, sin influencia de características sociodemográficas. CONCLUSIÓN: la hipertensión arterial y los niveles de lipoproteína de baja densidad elevado se asociaron a diferentes presentaciones del síndrome coronario. Los resultado pueden ofrecer subsidios a los profesionales de salud para planificar programas de prevención secundaria que objetiven el cambio de comportamiento.OBJETIVO: identificar a relação das diferentes apresentações da síndrome coronariana aguda com fatores de risco cardiovasculares entre indivíduos hospitalizados. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital escola de São Paulo, SP. Dado sociodemográficos, clínicos e antropométricos de 150 indivíduos hospitalizados, por síndrome coronariana aguda, foram coletados por meio de entrevista e revisão de prontuários. Verificou-se a associação desses dados com a apresentação da síndrome. RESULTADOS: houve predomínio de infarto agudo do miocárdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST. Houve associação significativa de hipertensão arterial sistêmica com angina instável e altos valores de lipoproteína de baixa densidade com infarto, sem influência de características sociodemográficas. CONCLUSÃO: a hipertensão arterial e níveis de lipoproteína de baixa densidade elevado associaram-se a diferentes apresentações da síndrome coronariana. Os resultado podem oferecer subsídios aos profissionais de saúde para programas de prevenção secundária que visam a mudança de comportamento.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de EnfermagemUNIFESP, EPESciEL

QTL-traits that overlap with polymorphic CNVRs in the Nelore population.

<p>Depicted are the most frequently overlapped traits. Red bars correspond to the observed number of polymorphic CNVRs overlapping with the respective trait, and cyan bars indicate the mean overlap when sampling 1000x random regions matching the polymorphic CNVRs in size and chromosomal location. The error bars indicate the standard deviation and permutation <i>p-</i>values are listed on the right.</p

Functional groups associated with polymorphic CNVRs (>1% of the population).

<p>The statistical significance level was set to 0.01. The enrichment <i>p</i>-values listed in the third column were computed using DAVID [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0157711#pone.0157711.ref062" target="_blank">62</a>].</p