Application of Acoustic Camera in Automotive Industry

Tato bakalářská práce na téma „Aplikace akustické kamery v automobilovém průmyslu“ se zabývá popisem jednotlivých částí kamery, algoritmů pro vyhodnocování signálu a mož-nostmi použití akustické kamery v automobilovém průmyslu. Jsou také rozebrány důležité akustické veličiny a uvedena jednotlivá zvuková pole, ve kterých měření probíhá.This bachelor´s thesis “Application of Acoustic Camera in Automotive Industry” is focused on description of parts of the camera, algorithms for signal evaluation and the range of appli-cations in the automotive industry. They are also important acoustic quantities discussed and they are given sound fields in which the measurement is carried out.

New Exclusion Limits for the Search of Scalar and Pseudoscalar Axion-Like Particles from "Light Shining Through a Wall"

Physics beyond the Standard Model predicts the possible existence of new particles that can be searched at the low energy frontier in the sub-eV range. The OSQAR photon regeneration experiment looks for "Light Shining through a Wall" from the quantum oscillation of optical photons into "Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles", such as axion or Axion-Like Particles (ALPs), in a 9 T transverse magnetic field over the unprecedented length of $2 \times 14.3$ m. In 2014, this experiment has been run with an outstanding sensitivity, using an 18.5 W continuous wave laser emitting in the green at the single wavelength of 532 nm. No regenerated photons have been detected after the wall, pushing the limits for the existence of axions and ALPs down to an unprecedented level for such a type of laboratory experiment. The di-photon couplings of possible pseudo-scalar and scalar ALPs can be constrained in the nearly massless limit to be less than $3.5\cdot 10^{-8}$ GeV$^{-1}$ and $3.2\cdot 10^{-8}$ GeV$^{-1}$, respectively, at 95% Confidence Level.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure

First results from the OSQAR photon regeneration experiment: No light shining through a wall

A new method to amplify the photon-axion conversions in magnetic field is proposed using a buffer gas at a specific pressure. As a first result, new bounds for mass and coupling constant for purely laboratory experiments aiming to detect any hypothetical scalars and pseudo-scalars which can couple to photons were obtained at 95% confidence level, excluding the PVLAS result newly disclaimed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Summary of OSQAR First Achievements and Main Requests for 2008

Abstract - In the first paragraph, OSQAR foremost achievements are summarised together with a brief reminder of its scientific context. In the second paragraph, activities planned for 2008 are briefly reviewed including the expected scientific results. The third paragraph is devoted to the requests addressed to CERN as the host laboratory and as a collaboration member of the OSQAR photon regeneration experiment

Editorial

Vážení čtenáři, toto dvojité číslo e-časopisu Paideia přináší anglické verze vybraných příspěvků k problému emocionality ze společného podniku kolegů z Katedry občanské výchovy a filosofie a Katedry speciální pedagogiky z Pedagogické fakulty Univerzity Karlovy. Uvedení do problematiky nabízí fenomenologická analýza emocí od Anny Hogenové. Naděžda Pelcová ve své příspěvku ukazuje jak laskavý humor, symptomaticky chybějící v naší současnosti, podstatně patří k výchově. Studie Davida Rybáka nabízí uvedení do Husserlových analýz emocí. Tomáš Samek přináší antropologickou analýzu ambivalence emocionality. Druhá část příspěvků je uvedena článkem o problematice mateřství u žen s mentálními poruchami od Petry Hájkové, Ley Květoňové a Vandy Hájkové. Další příspěvek od Moniky Donevové a Vandy Hájkové se zabývá tématem života lidí po mrtvici. Kateřina Hádková a Miroslava Kotvová se ve svém článku zabývají komunikativními kompetencemi lidí s poruchou sluchu. A konečně Jana Jamrichová a Vanda Hájková se zabývají kontextem výuky žáků s poruchami autistického spektra v rámci inkluzivní školy.Dear readers, this double issue of e-journal Paideia brings English versions of selected papers from a joint venture of colleagues from the Department of Civic Education and Philosophy and the Department of Special Education at the Faculty of Education of the Charles University, which dealt with the issue of emotionality. Anna Hogenová’s phenomenological analysis of emotionality provides an entry into the issue. Naděžda Pelcová shows how kind humour, which is quite lacking in our present time, is essential to education. David Rybák’s study offers an entry into Husserl’s analyses of emotions. Tomáš Samek presents an anthropological approach to the ambivalence of emotionality. The second part is introduced by the issue of motherhood in women with mental disorders by Petra Hájková, Lea Květoňová and Vanda Hájková. Another text by Monika Donevová and Vanda Hájková deals with the life of people after a stroke. Kateřina Hádková and Miroslava Kotvová present an article on communicative competences of people with hearing impairment. Finally, Jana Jamrichová and Vanda Hájková discuss the context of teaching students with autism spectrum disorders in an inclusive school

Melanoma cells break down LPA to establish local gradients that drive chemotactic dispersal.

The high mortality of melanoma is caused by rapid spread of cancer cells, which occurs unusually early in tumour evolution. Unlike most solid tumours, thickness rather than cytological markers or differentiation is the best guide to metastatic potential. Multiple stimuli that drive melanoma cell migration have been described, but it is not clear which are responsible for invasion, nor if chemotactic gradients exist in real tumours. In a chamber-based assay for melanoma dispersal, we find that cells migrate efficiently away from one another, even in initially homogeneous medium. This dispersal is driven by positive chemotaxis rather than chemorepulsion or contact inhibition. The principal chemoattractant, unexpectedly active across all tumour stages, is the lipid agonist lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acting through the LPA receptor LPAR1. LPA induces chemotaxis of remarkable accuracy, and is both necessary and sufficient for chemotaxis and invasion in 2-D and 3-D assays. Growth factors, often described as tumour attractants, cause negligible chemotaxis themselves, but potentiate chemotaxis to LPA. Cells rapidly break down LPA present at substantial levels in culture medium and normal skin to generate outward-facing gradients. We measure LPA gradients across the margins of melanomas in vivo, confirming the physiological importance of our results. We conclude that LPA chemotaxis provides a strong drive for melanoma cells to invade outwards. Cells create their own gradients by acting as a sink, breaking down locally present LPA, and thus forming a gradient that is low in the tumour and high in the surrounding areas. The key step is not acquisition of sensitivity to the chemoattractant, but rather the tumour growing to break down enough LPA to form a gradient. Thus the stimulus that drives cell dispersal is not the presence of LPA itself, but the self-generated, outward-directed gradient

Search for weakly interacting sub-eV particles with the OSQAR laser-based experiment: results and perspectives

Recent theoretical and experimental studies highlight the possibility of new fundamental particle physics beyond the Standard Model that can be probed by sub-eV energy experiments. The OSQAR photon regeneration experiment looks for "Light Shining through a Wall" (LSW) from the quantum oscillation of optical photons into "Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles" (WISPs), like axion or axion-like particles (ALPs), in a 9 T transverse magnetic field over the unprecedented length of $2 \times 14.3$ m. No excess of events has been detected over the background. The di-photon couplings of possible new light scalar and pseudo-scalar particles can be constrained in the massless limit to be less than $8.0\times10^{-8}$ GeV$^{-1}$. These results are very close to the most stringent laboratory constraints obtained for the coupling of ALPs to two photons. Plans for further improving the sensitivity of the OSQAR experiment are presented.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Editorial

Vážení čtenáři, v tomto dvojčísle předkládáme výběr z příspěvků proslovených na konferenci Média a filosofie, jež se konala dne 25. 11. 2010 na půdě Pedagogické fakulty UK. Toto setkání uspořádala Katedra občanské výchovy a filosofie UK PedF v rámci projektu Jany Kuklové Média jako prostor pro poznávání světa podpořeného Grantovou agenturou UK (GA UK 137809). Cílem konference bylo interdisciplinárně nahlédnout problematiku médií a setkáním odborníků z různých oblastí otevírat filosofický pohled na médium jako jedinečný fenomén současného světa. Doufáme, že Vás pestrost příspěvků přivede nejen k novým zamyšlením nad médii, ale i k novým otázkám, jež s nimi souvisejí. Doc. Jiří Bystřický se ve svém příspěvku zabývá otázkou po založení transparence a mediality a po jejich úloze v lidském myšlení. Iva Gajdošíková ukazuje na rozboru Tarkovského díla Zrcadlo problematiku poznání a uchopení sebe sama jakožto specifického odrazu – zrcadlení, v němž se však já stává skutečným právě natolik, nakolik se vztahuje k celku světa. Prof. Anna Hogenová vyzdvihuje pozapomenutý aristotelský protiklad privaci, aby upozornila na její neopominutelnou úlohu v porozumění světu a na nedostatek jejího myšlení v současných médiích. Jana Kuklová se zabývá povahou informace a ukazuje, že médium je prázdné a tato prázdnota je naléhavostí pro hledání smyslu. Vojtěch Mašek se zajímá z pohledu současné politické filosofie o možnosti současných médií sloužit jako otevřený prostor jednání, rozpravy, hájení práv a účasti občanů na rozhodování v demokratické společnosti. Markéta Pávková se v příspěvku vrací k počátkům filmu a sleduje jeho ustavení jakožto média. Klára Pirklová poukazuje na skutečnost, že s příchodem masmédií se výrazně narušila naše zásadní schopnost rozlišovat, co je podstatné a co nedůležité. Martin Soukup věnuje ve své stati pozornost lidskému tělu jako svébytnému artefaktu a rozebírá procesy jeho disciplinace a semiotizace v kontextu masové kultury. Zuzana Svobodová se zamýšlí nad otázkou (ne)mediálnosti filosofie a táže se, zda může filosofie hrát roli prostředníka (média) a zda je věcí veřejnou. Jiří Šlégl představuje osobnost Milana Machovce jako mistra dialogu pomáhajícího lidem zorientovat se v mediálním i osobním labyrintu žité reality. Katrin Vodrážková se zaměřuje na problematiku média filmu ve srovnání s médiem fotografie a jejich vztahem k proměnám myšlení.Dear readers, in this double issue you can find selection of contributions to the conference Media and Philosophy, which was held on November 25, 2010 at the Faculty of Education. This meeting was organized by Social Sciences and Philosophy Department, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague within Jana Kuklová’s project Media as a platform for exploring the world, supported by The Charles University Grant Agency (GA UK 137809). The aim of the conference was to open philosophical view on medium as a unique phenomenon of the contemporary world and to meet experts from various areas of science. We hope that the diversity of contributions will bring you not only new reflections on the media, but also new related questions. Doc. Jiří Bystřický in his paper addresses question of base of transparency and mediality and their role in human thinking. Iva Gajdošíková shows problems of understanding of one’s self on analysis of Tarkovsky’s work Mirror – reflection, in which “I” becomes as real as it relates to the whole world. Prof. Anna Hogenová highlights Aristotelian antithesis privation to show its role in understanding the world and to point at the lack of such a notion in the contemporary media. Jana Kuklová deals with the nature of information and shows that the media is empty and their emptiness is urgency for finding a meaning. Proceeding from the view of contemporary political philosophy Vojtěch Mašek is interested in possibilities of contemporary media to serve as an open space for discussion, debates, defends of rights and participation of citizens on decision-making in a democratic society. Margareta Pávková in her paper heads back to the origins of the film and follows its forming as a medium. Klára Pirklová points at the fact that mass media greatly undermined our fundamental ability to distinguish what is essential and what is unimportant. Martin Soukup devotes his attention to human body as a distinctive artifact and discusses processes as a disciplination and a semiotization in the context of mass culture. Zuzana Svobodová explores question of (non)mediality of philosophy and asks whether philosophy can play the role of a mediator (medium) and whether it is a public matter. Jiří Šlégl introduces Milan Machovec as a master of dialogue helping people to understand the media and our personal labyrinth we live in. Kateřina Vodrážková focuses on the film medium in comparison with photography media and their relationship to the transformation of present thinking

Simultaneous or Sequential Orthogonal Gradient Formation in a 3D Cell Culture Microfluidic Platform

Biochemical gradients are ubiquitous in biology. At the tissue level, they dictate differentiation patterning or cell migration. Recapitulating in vitro the complexity of such concentration profiles with great spatial and dynamic control is crucial in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of biological phenomena. Here, a microfluidic design capable of generating diffusion-driven, simultaneous or sequential, orthogonal linear concentration gradients in a 3D cell-embedded scaffold is described. Formation and stability of the orthogonal gradients are demonstrated by computational and fluorescent dextran-based characterizations. Then, system utility is explored in two biological systems. First, stem cells are subjected to orthogonal gradients of morphogens in order to mimic the localized differentiation of motor neurons in the neural tube. Similarly to in vivo, motor neurons preferentially differentiate in regions of high concentration of retinoic acid and smoothened agonist (acting as sonic hedgehog), in a concentration-dependent fashion. Then, a rotating gradient is applied to HT1080 cancer cells and the change in migration direction is investigated as the cells adapt to a new chemical environment. The response time of ≈4 h is reported. These two examples demonstrate the versatility of this new design that can also prove useful in many applications including tissue engineering and drug screening.National Science Foundation. Science and Technology Center for Emergent Behaviors of Integrated Cellular Systems (Grant No. CBET-0939511)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (NIH NRSA/UNCF Merck